What does the high turnover rate of digital currency mean

1. I don't think it's a good thing. We all change hands to prove that it's not safe.

2.

Displacement formula of simple harmonic vibration: x = asin ω T

restoring force of simple harmonic motion: F = - KX = - MD ^ 2x / dt ^ 2 = - M ω^ 2x

ω^ 2 = K / M

simple harmonic motion period formula: T = 2 π/ω= two π( M / k) ^ 1 / 2

if the relationship between the displacement of a particle and time follows the law of sine function, that is, its vibration image (x-t image) is a sine curve, such vibration is called simple harmonic motion

3. The combined force in simple harmonic motion is the resultant force of gravity and rope tension. The rope tension of simple penlum can be calculated by gravity and centripetal force. The restoring force is the combined force of gravity and pulling force. The specific calculation is shown in the figure

4. If you want to go to a place, you can take a taxi or a bus
[method 1] buy a local city map
if you have a map of the city, most of them will have the public transportation information of the city. On the front of the map, you can see where you want to go and which station is closer to. On the back of the map, you can see the detailed bus information

[method 2] search the public transportation information query on the Internet, and click any query website
1. Since most of our online queries are made locally, we need to change the city information first. For example, if you want to inquire about Hefei, first switch the city to Hefei
2. For example, if we want to find out which bus to take from Hefei railway station to sanxiaokou, we need to input "railway station" at the starting station and "sanxiaokou" at the terminal station. Then click query
3. Click query to see which buses can go from the railway station to sanxiaokou. I've looked at about 12 options, and it seems that there are many
if you can't query on your computer, you can also use your mobile phone

[method 3] you can ask local people to get the information you need. In addition to asking for directions, we can also go to the bus stop signs by ourselves, so that we can get some general directions. Most of the red marks represent the name of the platform.

5. Abstract: This paper first expounds the basic (two characteristics) of e-money. E-money has the characteristics of anonymity, security, low cost and convenience, so it is a cheaper and more effective means of payment. It is these characteristics that determine that e-money will replace paper money. E-money can achieve "point-to-point" transactions between issuers and consumers without the need for third-party institutions. Therefore, e-money between issuers has high security. Anonymity in use. Compared with paper money, in supervision, electronic money can be verified through the central database, and electronic money can also be attached with electronic signature. Therefore, theoretically speaking, electronic currency is almost impossible to forge. E-money can greatly save money related costs. At the end of the 20th century, the cost of processing money in the United States was as high as US $60 billion per year. The whole payment system is 1. An overview of electronic money (i.e. conceptual classification). Electronic money refers to the retail payment mechanism through the sales terminal, various electronic devices and public networks (such as Internet, mobile phone, etc.), "Stored value") is the currency in which payments are made in the form of procts or prepayment mechanisms. According to the different issuers of e-money, it can be divided into financial institutions and non-financial institutions. The electronic currency of financial institutions is the most standard electronic currency in China. Commercial banks and credit card companies are the main issuers, such as credit cards with overdraft function and debit cards with general deposit withdrawal and transfer function. The biggest feature of e-money of financial institutions is the participation of banks and other financial institutions, and the issuance and use of e-money is included in the financial regulatory system. E-money of non-financial institutions mainly includes magnetic card, card, etc. IC is usually issued by telecommunication companies, bus companies, schools and other institutions, and the issuing institutions collect customers in advance. Its main feature is that customers are required to store value in advance, pay cash in advance, and then issue equivalent e-money that can be dected from customers' consumption settlement. The total expenditure is estimated to account for 2% ~ 3% of US GDP. One reason for the low cost is that they use existing networks and computers, so they are less expensive than traditional payment methods. Electronic currency provides great convenience for transactions, mainly in the following aspects: first, instant payment. E-money can realize settlement and delivery at the same time, so it greatly speeds up the transaction speed and reces the settlement risk; Second, it is easy to divide. In theory, e-money can be divided equally at zero cost. In the era of tangible currency, the problem of subsidiary currency, which has been bothering people, will no longer exist; Third, it is convenient for micro payment. Due to the low cost of a single transaction, e-money is concive to small amount transactions. In the paper currency mode, many low price goods are often insufficient consumption and proction e to the high transaction cost. E-money will promote the consumption of such goods, contribute to economic growth and improve the welfare of the whole society. 2、 The influence of electronic money on the central bank most countries in the world implement the central bank system. Central banks or financial management institutions similar to central banks in various countries are in the position of financial system classification, characteristics and other related theories; Secondly, it analyzes the impact of e-money on the central bank and the Central Bank of e-money in China from three aspects: issuing monopoly, independence and monetary policy implementation. On this basis, constructive suggestions and countermeasures are put forward. Key words: e-money risk, central bank 28, Qinghai finance, March 2010  The core position of problem and exploration. On behalf of the state, it issues currency, manages finance, formulates and implements monetary and financial policies, and plays a role in macroeconomic regulation and control of the national economy. It is known as the "issued currency" and "issued currency". Through various functions, it affects the interest rates of banks, banks of the country and other intermediary indicators, so as to achieve its regulatory role in the financial sector and even in the money supply, not only in the whole macroeconomic field of the central government. The emergence of e-money and the weakening of the functions of banks have brought great challenges to the status of the central bank, which are embodied in the following aspects: (1) the monopoly of currency issuance has been affected.) historically, paper money has developed into non cash currency and has been monopolized by the central bank for a long time, The issuing mechanism of e-money will not coup in the near future. Even if the central bank wants to forcibly monopolize the issuing right of e-money, the technical complexity of e-money, the diversity of agreements involved and the possible high cost of the central bank and the prevention of counterfeit money make the central bank have to think twice. Moreover, the bank's monopoly on the issue of e-money is likely to hinder the innovation of e-money and the development of new technology, so that the development of domestic e-money lags behind that of other countries and becomes vulnerable to attack. At the same time, e to the openness of the use of e-money, it is difficult to prevent the infiltration of foreign e-money. These factors will affect the central bank's issuing monopoly Second, the independence of the central bank is affected) the protection of the independence of monetary policy depends largely on whether the central bank has an independent income, of which the seigniorage income is an important source. For the central bank, the central bank guarantees. If there is no seigniorage as the income of its operating expenses, it will have to find other sources of income. At the same time, the funds of some central banks may become more and more directly dependent on the government, and the independence of the central bank may be affected (3) the weakening of monetary policy effect) although e-money still relies on the traditional currency, its increasingly widespread application will inevitably have a substitution effect on the traditional currency and give rise to certain financial risks. E-money directly leads to the change of money supply channel, money multiplier and supply mechanism in the network economy society, which affects the monetary control ability of the central bank, and the effectiveness of monetary policy will graally decline. From the perspective of money supply, electronic money partially replaces the currency in circulation, and some currency appears in the form of digitization and virtualization, while the currency issued by the central bank for circulation is a part of the whole money supply. Therefore, the impact on money in circulation will directly affect the money supply. From the perspective of money demand, the impact of e-money on money demand is mainly reflected in the fact that e-money partly replaces cash in circulation, speeds up the speed of money circulation, and thus reces the demand for money. Therefore, the emergence of e-money will have an impact on the money supply, excess reserves, base money and other monetary policy intermediary indicators, making them difficult to measure, potentially affecting the formulation of monetary policy and weakening the effect of monetary policy. E-money replaces part of the savings with reserve requirement, which makes the proportion of reserve in Internet banking decrease; In the fierce international competition, the reserve system is constantly reformed in order to obtain the first mover advantage of financial innovation; Even if the business place of Internet bank is transferred, its cost is relatively low, and because of the characteristics of the network, the original customers will not be lost, which provides conditions for the Internet bank to avoid the more stringent reserve requirements of a country or region. At the same time, for e-money, its issuance is relatively scattered, and the central bank is no longer the only issuer, which makes the central bank unable to carry out large-scale monetary throughput operation in time e to the lack of sufficient assets and liabilities, and weakens the timeliness and flexibility of the central bank's open market operation. 3、 Facing the new monetary policy environment, the central bank must establish a good and effective monetary policy implementation mechanism through supervision. The specific suggestions are as follows: (1) to innovate the monetary management system of the central bank) in order to effectively balance the contradiction between social public interests and private goods in the issuance of e-money, the central bank should standardize the issuance and circulation of e-money on the basis of the current issuance preparation. We should establish the qualification certification system of e-money issuance, conct standardized and reasonable qualification certification on the name, circulation scope and circulation mode of e-money, and bring the private nature and personalized characteristics of e-money issuance into the standardized management. We should strengthen the management of e-money issuing market, ensure the effective implementation of monetary policy, and guard against systemic risks, so as to ensure the realization of social interests represented by e-money (2) improving the legal regulation system of e-money supervision) the management of e-money is inseparable from a sound legal system. We should establish legal norms that adapt to the contractual relationship between the issuance and circulation of e-money, such as the legal signature system in the circulation of e-money, the legal identification technology and means of the rights and responsibilities of the issuers and traders of e-money. The electronic currency mechanism must bear the corresponding legal responsibility, that is, it can cash the issued electronic currency into legal tender at the request of the holder at any time. We should establish a unified e-money payment network system nationwide, including the participation of various financial institutions, strengthen the leading role of the central bank in the e-money payment system and the supervision role of the CBRC, so as to strengthen the monitoring of the e-money issuance scale, transaction field and capital flow direction of commercial banks, If necessary, we can adjust the reserve ratio to adjust the credit expansion in the issuance and circulation of e-money. The central bank should timely shift the focus of financial supervision from the control of initial money supply to the certification of e-money issuing qualification, the examination and supervision of e-money security technology, and the establishment and improvement of relevant laws on the circulation of e-money 3 We should establish a national unified payment and transfer network system and strengthen the supervision of e-money. Under the conditions of digitalization and networking, the regulatory authorities should timely adjust the focus of financial supervision and make full use of the existing electronic infrastructure of major commercial banks and financial institutions, A unified electronic money payment and transfer network system involving financial institutions and non-financial institutions should be established nationwide to strengthen the on-site and off-site inspection of electronic money issuers and payment and settlement channel providers. To strengthen the examination and supervision of the safe payment standard in the process of electronic currency circulation, we should formulate the system of paying reserve and the specific proceres of submitting financial statistics; Pass the system 2010.3 Qinghai finance 29  In order to strengthen the supervision of the security performance of online banking, financial institutions should define various environments and technical conditions to avoid system risks, including public key infrastructure, encryption technology and system, and electronic signature technology and system. The central bank should play a leading role in the e-money payment system to realize the monitoring of the issuing scale and transaction capital flow of the e-money issuers. (4) strengthen the effect of monetary policy implementation) if e-money has become a proct generally accepted by the society and entered a stage of stable growth,