Hash and digital currency
We need to call the police. This belongs to currency fraud. We can't blindly trust the virtual investment platform that can easily earn a lot of money. Fraud gangs often use "small investment, big income" as t to let investors taste the sweetness first and then increase investment, so as to achieve the purpose of fraud
at present, the so-called "digital currency" in the market is not legal digital currency. The so-called "digital currency" launched by some institutions and enterprises and the so-called promotion of the central bank's issuance of digital currency may involve pyramid selling and fraud. It is necessary for the general public to raise their risk awareness, invest rationally and prudently, and prevent the interests from being damaged
extended information:
five ways to distinguish whether digital currency is MLM currency. virtual currency does not rely on specific monetary institutions to issue, it is based on a specific algorithm, generated through a large number of calculations, is a decentralized way of issuing. Each different terminal node is responsible for maintaining the same account book, and the maintenance process is mainly to package and encrypt the transaction information by the algorithm, while the MLM currency is mainly issued by a certain organization, and the profit is made by pulling the head
2. Transaction mode. Virtual currency is a kind of sporadic transaction formed spontaneously in the market. After the scale is formed, the third party graally establishes an exchange to complete the transaction. The MLM currency is issued by an institution and traded on its own platform
3. The virtual currency itself is an open source program, maintained in the GitHub community. The parameters and methods of the total amount limit are shown in the open source code. The open source of MLM currency is completely ing other people's open source code, and there is no use of open source code to build programs, so its essence is controlled by the website like Q currency
Whether the source code link is given. The general decentralized digital currency will give the source code link in the prominent position of the official website, so as to show the operation mechanism of the monetary system openly and transparently. What MLM currency focuses on is the transaction process of recharge purchase, not to mention its operation mechanism, and even the website does not have the link address of the source code5. Whether the official website starts with HTTPS. In general, the addresses of the official website and trading website of decentralized digital currency begin with HTTPS. The purpose of this kind of website is to protect users' data from illegal theft. But the official website of MLM currency, trading website and other related websites do not start with HTTPS
blockchain is a new computing paradigm and distributed infrastructure, which uses fast chain data structure, distributed node consensus algorithm, cryptography and intelligent contract based on automated script code to proce, verify, store and transmit data. It can also be said that blockchain is a distributed ledger technology, which can provide decentralized trust mechanism in non trust environment, so that multi-party participants can conct secure trust transactions without intermediaries
the application fields of blockchain include digital currency, token, finance, anti-counterfeiting traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. with the popularity of blockchain and bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered, which has a great impact on the domain name instry.
coinbase transaction is a special transaction that generates bitcoin "out of thin air". Only miners can write this kind of transaction, and the number of generated bitcoin is limited by rules (new currency reced by half for every 210000 blocks + transaction fee for this block)
however, the rules do not stipulate that the miner must take away all the rewards that can be taken, and can choose not to take them
therefore, a mine pool connected with the RSK side chain has made a bug before, forgetting to take away the reward and occupying a pit in a block for nothing, which is equivalent to destroying the corresponding amount of bitcoin, making the total amount of bitcoin decrease a little bit permanently
in addition, to spend a bitcoin, you only need to specify the transaction ID and output serial number
as like as two peas in multiple blocks repeatedly write identical coinbase transactions, the transaction ID is also repeated.
therefore, this kind of situation also occupies the pit of a block in vain, and permanently destroys the corresponding amount of bitcoin
it seems to me that this is still a security vulnerability, so the new version of bitcoin software later banned the writing of repeated coinbase transactions. But until now, there has been no ban on miners not getting their e rewards
generally speaking, a coin is controlled by a private key. If a coin is transferred to an address where no one knows the private key, it will be destroyed
if the owner does a good job in security, and the private key is not disclosed and cannot be guessed, but he accidentally loses the private key, it is equivalent to destroying all the coins he owns
there are only some special circumstances that require intentional destruction of coins
one is irreversibly converted into another kind of currency, such as the contract currency XCP attached to bitcoin and wormhole cash WHC attached to BCH
the second is to save certificates and data on the chain, such as the time stamp: panbiao.com/2013/08 /
and the crowd funding of the original Ethereum founding team: zhuanlan.hu.com/p/29
the private key is essentially a big number. Whoever knows this number can control the currency on the corresponding address. So the private key must be generated with reliable random number, otherwise it may be guessed and stolen
compared with the token, the address is the hash of the public key. There is no way to judge whether an address has a corresponding public key and private key (even if the public key is known, the corresponding private key cannot be known). Therefore, even if it is explicitly the address of "burned" token, the system does not prohibit the transfer in
strictly speaking, what locks the currency is a small program (script). This program takes the input as the public key and digital signature. First, check whether the public key hash is consistent, and then check whether the digital signature is valid. If it is valid, it will be verified and transfer is allowed; Otherwise, it will be judged that the transaction is illegal and refuse to package into the chain
it is the whole node software that explains and executes this program. It can be said that the software code of the whole node specifically defines a coin
however, the current situation is very embarrassing. Most miners do not run the whole node, only a few mines are running. The vast majority of users do not run the whole node, even if they run the whole node, they can only perform verification, no computing power, no block.
1 - data layer: data block, chain structure and time stamp
2 - network layer: P2P network, propagation mechanism, verification mechanism
3 - consensus layer: pow, POS, dpos
4 - incentive layer: issuance mechanism, distribution mechanism
5 - contract layer: script code, algorithm mechanism, smart contract
6-application layer: encapsulates various application scenarios
in the future, jinwowo group will focus on promoting the legal circulation and commercial application of big data with blockchain technology.
The annual interest rate of the three-year term is 5.43%, and the maximum issue amount is 15 billion yuan; The annual interest rate of 5-year term is 6.00%, and the maximum issue amount is 9 billion yuan; There is no type of ten-year Treasury bond
the three treasury bonds are all fixed-term procts with fixed interest rate, and the largest total issue amount is 30 billion yuan. The period of the 16th issue is one year, the annual interest rate is 3.85%, and the maximum issue amount is 3 billion yuan; The 17th issue has a term of 3 years, an annual interest rate of 5.58%, and a maximum issue amount of 15 billion yuan; The 18th issue has a term of 5 years, an annual interest rate of 6.15%, and a maximum issue amount of 12 billion yuan
the issuance period of the three treasury bonds is from October 15, 2011 to October 27, 2011, with interest from October 15, 2011, paid annually, and paid annually on October 15. The 16th installment paid the principal and interest on October 15, 2012, the 17th installment and the 18th installment paid the principal and interest on October 15, 2014 and October 15, 2016 respectively
extended data:
types of national debt:
1. National debt can be divided into national borrowing and issuing bonds according to the form of national debt. State borrowing is the most primitive form of borrowing. Modern countries mainly take this form when they borrow foreign debts from foreign governments, banks, international financial organizations and their central banks. However, the loan can only be made under the condition of a small number of debtors
(2) according to the region of issuing national debt, national debt can be divided into domestic debt and foreign debt. Domestic debt is a kind of debt borrowed and issued at home. Foreign debt refers to loans from other governments, banks and international financial organizations and bonds issued abroadsource of reference: Internet - Treasury bond interest rate
because the dime is 0.40 yuan for one dime and 0.40 yuan for two dimes, a total of 0.80 yuan