Will digital currency return to zero
Publish: 2021-04-25 13:10:59
1.
The digital currency of the central bank is DCEP
the name of the digital currency developed by the central bank is DCEP (digital currency electronic payment). DC is digital currency. EP is electronic payment. Payment transmits digital things through a certain way, not paper currency. Therefore, electronic payment itself has the attribute of digital currency
The characteristics of digital currency are: low transaction cost; Fast trading speed; Highly anonymous
extended data
Application of digital currency
I. fast, economic and safe payment and settlement
cross border payment helps RMB internationalization. In 2015, the settlement volume of cross-border payment involving current account is about 8 trillion yuan. To accelerate the internationalization of RMB, cross-border payment and settlement procts and solutions with low cost, high efficiency and low risk are needed
At present, there are still a lot of repetitive human work in the bank's electronic loan process and processing process, and as the basic support of loan issuance, many of the collateral has the situation of false pricing or multiple or even no collateral. We can consider using digital currency to price and track bank collateral:3. Bill finance and supply chain finance
in recent years, various bill market businesses based on commercial bills have grown rapidly, and bill financing procts have become a hot area of Internet financing. However, about 70% of the current bill businesses in China are still paper transactions, Supply chain finance is also highly dependent on labor costs
reference materials
network digital currency
2. If the exchange's digital currency suddenly drops to zero this quarter, there may be risks.
3. First of all, based on China's relevant policies, ic0 projects and exchanges are all relocated abroad. If the issuance of foreign tokens has no impact on domestic civil or criminal law, then the laws or regulatory rules of other countries will apply, and will not be governed by domestic laws. Investors' rights protection or accountability are concted overseas
secondly, if rights are protected within the territory of our country, according to our legal system, legal liability can be divided into criminal liability, civil liability and administrative liability. In China, the issuance and financing of virtual currency is prohibited, and there is no relevant regulatory agency, so investors can only investigate the criminal and civil liabilities of the corresponding parties
1. Criminal responsibility
however, assuming that there are some cases that may involve criminal crimes, such as online breaking or even later returning to zero, futures trading being manipulated by the platform, and in line with the provisions on jurisdiction in China's criminal law, the corresponding legal provisions should be applied in combination with their criminal acts< According to the provisions of articles 6 to 9 of the criminal law on the principle of criminal jurisdiction, China's criminal jurisdiction can be divided into the following four categories:
(1) territorial principle: if one of the acts or results of a crime occurs within the territory of the people's Republic of China (including ships or aircraft), China's criminal jurisdiction shall apply unless otherwise specified by law< (2) principle of person: if a citizen of our country commits a crime stipulated in this law outside the territory of the people's Republic of China, the criminal law of our country shall apply. However, if the maximum penalty stipulated in this law is fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, he may not be investigated. The criminal law of the people's Republic of China shall apply to any state functionary or serviceman who commits any crime specified in this law outside the territory of the people's Republic of China< (3) principle of protection: If foreigners commit crimes against our country or citizens outside the territory of the people's Republic of China and the minimum penalty prescribed in this law is fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years, the criminal law of our country can be applied, except those who are not punished according to the law of the place where the crime is committed< (4) general principle: This Law shall apply to crimes stipulated in international treaties concluded or acceded to by the people's Republic of China over which the people's Republic of China exercises criminal jurisdiction within the scope of its treaty obligations
for example, there are illegal means in breaking and manipulating the price of virtual currency in the exchange when it goes online. Although virtual currency does not belong to the category of securities recognized by our country, making profits through this illegal way may also violate the charges of illegal sale of token bills, illegal issuance of securities, illegal fund-raising and financial fraud in our criminal law, Then investors can take measures to protect their rights in China, such as reporting to the public security organs
2. Civil liability
in civil and commercial activities, we mainly follow the principles of equality, voluntariness, fairness and good faith. With the development of China's securities market, there are many civil cases in which investors defend their rights to A-share companies. However, because China has not yet included virtual currency into the scope of securities, there is no case of civil liability for manipulating the price of virtual currency, Therefore, it is difficult for investors to protect their rights through civil litigation
in addition, based on the relativity of civil legal relationship, even if the underlying assets and projects of overseas ic0 projects are in China, most of them have built overseas structures, so it is difficult for investors to break through the relative relationship and recover the actual project subject responsibility of ic0.
secondly, if rights are protected within the territory of our country, according to our legal system, legal liability can be divided into criminal liability, civil liability and administrative liability. In China, the issuance and financing of virtual currency is prohibited, and there is no relevant regulatory agency, so investors can only investigate the criminal and civil liabilities of the corresponding parties
1. Criminal responsibility
however, assuming that there are some cases that may involve criminal crimes, such as online breaking or even later returning to zero, futures trading being manipulated by the platform, and in line with the provisions on jurisdiction in China's criminal law, the corresponding legal provisions should be applied in combination with their criminal acts< According to the provisions of articles 6 to 9 of the criminal law on the principle of criminal jurisdiction, China's criminal jurisdiction can be divided into the following four categories:
(1) territorial principle: if one of the acts or results of a crime occurs within the territory of the people's Republic of China (including ships or aircraft), China's criminal jurisdiction shall apply unless otherwise specified by law< (2) principle of person: if a citizen of our country commits a crime stipulated in this law outside the territory of the people's Republic of China, the criminal law of our country shall apply. However, if the maximum penalty stipulated in this law is fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, he may not be investigated. The criminal law of the people's Republic of China shall apply to any state functionary or serviceman who commits any crime specified in this law outside the territory of the people's Republic of China< (3) principle of protection: If foreigners commit crimes against our country or citizens outside the territory of the people's Republic of China and the minimum penalty prescribed in this law is fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years, the criminal law of our country can be applied, except those who are not punished according to the law of the place where the crime is committed< (4) general principle: This Law shall apply to crimes stipulated in international treaties concluded or acceded to by the people's Republic of China over which the people's Republic of China exercises criminal jurisdiction within the scope of its treaty obligations
for example, there are illegal means in breaking and manipulating the price of virtual currency in the exchange when it goes online. Although virtual currency does not belong to the category of securities recognized by our country, making profits through this illegal way may also violate the charges of illegal sale of token bills, illegal issuance of securities, illegal fund-raising and financial fraud in our criminal law, Then investors can take measures to protect their rights in China, such as reporting to the public security organs
2. Civil liability
in civil and commercial activities, we mainly follow the principles of equality, voluntariness, fairness and good faith. With the development of China's securities market, there are many civil cases in which investors defend their rights to A-share companies. However, because China has not yet included virtual currency into the scope of securities, there is no case of civil liability for manipulating the price of virtual currency, Therefore, it is difficult for investors to protect their rights through civil litigation
in addition, based on the relativity of civil legal relationship, even if the underlying assets and projects of overseas ic0 projects are in China, most of them have built overseas structures, so it is difficult for investors to break through the relative relationship and recover the actual project subject responsibility of ic0.
4. You can call the police, because many of the digital currencies issued in China are illegal fund-raising activities. The Ponzi scheme in the guise of blockchain usually means that the people in front earn the money of the new entrants in the back, and the platform profits from it. However, these funds have a running cycle, and they will collapse when the time comes
2. Digital currency is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. It is an unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of a specific virtual community
it is different from the virtual currency in the virtual world, because it can be used for real goods and services transactions, not limited to online games. The early digital currency (digital gold currency) is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. Today's digital currencies, such as bitcoin, lightcoin and ppcoin, are electronic currencies created, issued and circulated by means of check sum cryptography
on October 13, the International Monetary Fund predicted that global GDP would shrink by 4.4% in 2020, up 0.8 percentage points from the forecast in June. This year, China remains the only major economy the IMF expects to achieve positive growth< Tobias Adrian, head of the IMF's monetary and capital markets department, said in an exclusive interview with China first finance and economics reporter recently that China's economic recovery is leading the world, while the pilot of the central bank's digital currency (DCEP) is leading the world. He believes that at present DCEP is still focusing on M0 (cash in circulation), which has little impact on banks. In the early stage, DCEP will pay more attention to the application in China. In the future, as more countries begin to pilot central bank digital currency (CBDC), the cross-border use and convertibility of CBDC will be concerned
recently, the promotion of global central banks' digital currency is accelerating. Some mainstream central banks have changed their conservative attitude in their early years and accelerated the research on CBDC. China has taken the lead in carrying out relevant pilot projects. At 8:00 on October 11, Shenzhen "Lixiang Luohu digital RMB red envelope" booking ended, and the system successfully completed the pilot booking registration, which is an important step in the development process of digital RMB
Adrian said: "China's digital currency pilot is leading the world, and the IMF is closely following the pilot situation of China's digital currency in some urban areas." From the perspective of monetary statistics, the central bank's digital currency belongs to the category of M0, that is, cash, not M1 or m2. Therefore, he does not think it is necessary to worry about the impact on banks in the initial stage.
2. Digital currency is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. It is an unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of a specific virtual community
it is different from the virtual currency in the virtual world, because it can be used for real goods and services transactions, not limited to online games. The early digital currency (digital gold currency) is a form of electronic currency named after the weight of gold. Today's digital currencies, such as bitcoin, lightcoin and ppcoin, are electronic currencies created, issued and circulated by means of check sum cryptography
on October 13, the International Monetary Fund predicted that global GDP would shrink by 4.4% in 2020, up 0.8 percentage points from the forecast in June. This year, China remains the only major economy the IMF expects to achieve positive growth< Tobias Adrian, head of the IMF's monetary and capital markets department, said in an exclusive interview with China first finance and economics reporter recently that China's economic recovery is leading the world, while the pilot of the central bank's digital currency (DCEP) is leading the world. He believes that at present DCEP is still focusing on M0 (cash in circulation), which has little impact on banks. In the early stage, DCEP will pay more attention to the application in China. In the future, as more countries begin to pilot central bank digital currency (CBDC), the cross-border use and convertibility of CBDC will be concerned
recently, the promotion of global central banks' digital currency is accelerating. Some mainstream central banks have changed their conservative attitude in their early years and accelerated the research on CBDC. China has taken the lead in carrying out relevant pilot projects. At 8:00 on October 11, Shenzhen "Lixiang Luohu digital RMB red envelope" booking ended, and the system successfully completed the pilot booking registration, which is an important step in the development process of digital RMB
Adrian said: "China's digital currency pilot is leading the world, and the IMF is closely following the pilot situation of China's digital currency in some urban areas." From the perspective of monetary statistics, the central bank's digital currency belongs to the category of M0, that is, cash, not M1 or m2. Therefore, he does not think it is necessary to worry about the impact on banks in the initial stage.
5. It is wrong to say that China's digital currency comes from the people, because it comes from the present. Science.
6. Go language has not shown a clear direction since its appearance. Google employees call it an "experimental language", saying that it tries to integrate the development speed of dynamic languages such as python with the performance and security of compiled languages such as C or C + +. A supporter of go language summarizes that go language is as follows: simple, fast, safe, concurrent, happy programming, open source; But go language lacks direction and the attempt of its "synthesizer" will easily lead to its failure to learn from cats and dogs, and become a four unlike. Nevertheless, the editors still think that go language has great potential: many developers are interested in it - not only its original designers have a strong lineup, but also the people involved in modifying the source code. This is likely to help go language find its own direction and open up a new direction of system programming.
7.
Ore grade order: copper ore tin ore iron ore lead ore silver ore Wujin ore gold ore platinum ore magic gold ore blood gold ore meteorite rock cobalt blue ore palladium gold ore mitag ore mountain copper ore (Austria steel) - fine gold ore titanium gold ore chlorophyll ore
players can change the prefix (rarity) of the equipment by recasting it at goblin craftsmen, and the attribute color of the equipment will also change. From ordinary to artifact, the equipment grades are: gray, white, blue, green, orange, red, magenta, purple, light green, yellow and cyan
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extended materials:
item synthesis
many of the best props in the game are not proced by underground treasure chest or boss, and many things need players to synthesize with specific materials in specific places
for example, in the game, the synthesis of weapon Tara blade requires players to synthesize eternal night blade at the devil altar with four weapons of bloody butcher / light expelling, lava giant sword, demon saber Murakami and straw shaving, and then synthesize true eternal night blade with eternal night blade and hero's broken sword that kills specific monsters ring solar eclipse
8. First of all, bitcoin is a decentralized monetary system
for example, both RMB and US dollars are issued by banks, but bitcoin is similar to the treasure in a treasure hunt game. Everyone has the opportunity to "issue" bitcoin himself
in fact, the essence of special currency is a lot of special solutions generated by a lot of complex algorithms
the system will choose a correct answer every ten minutes. Whoever can find the correct answer in the first ten minutes will get a reward
the upper limit of bitcoin is 21 million. When bitcoin was born in 2009, each reward was 50 bitcoins
ten minutes after its birth, the first batch of 50 bitcoins were generated, and the total amount of money at this time is 50
then bitcoin grew at a rate of about 50 bitcoins per 10 minutes
when the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the reward will be halved to 25
when the total amount reaches 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, or 50% of 1050), the reward will be further halved to 12.5, and so on
therefore, bitcoin circulating in this mode can not be recovered to zero, because everyone is the issuer of bitcoin. Unless everyone clears their account number and no longer digs, bitcoin will always be active.
for example, both RMB and US dollars are issued by banks, but bitcoin is similar to the treasure in a treasure hunt game. Everyone has the opportunity to "issue" bitcoin himself
in fact, the essence of special currency is a lot of special solutions generated by a lot of complex algorithms
the system will choose a correct answer every ten minutes. Whoever can find the correct answer in the first ten minutes will get a reward
the upper limit of bitcoin is 21 million. When bitcoin was born in 2009, each reward was 50 bitcoins
ten minutes after its birth, the first batch of 50 bitcoins were generated, and the total amount of money at this time is 50
then bitcoin grew at a rate of about 50 bitcoins per 10 minutes
when the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the reward will be halved to 25
when the total amount reaches 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, or 50% of 1050), the reward will be further halved to 12.5, and so on
therefore, bitcoin circulating in this mode can not be recovered to zero, because everyone is the issuer of bitcoin. Unless everyone clears their account number and no longer digs, bitcoin will always be active.
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