Digital currency and currency sovereignty

1. Currency: in essence, it is a contract between the owner and the market about the right of exchange, and it is essentially an agreement between the owners. The essence of money contract determines that money can have different forms, such as general equivalent, precious metal money, paper money, electronic money and so on. Its basic function is the measure of value and the means of circulation—— Extracted from the Internet

fiat money: it means that it does not represent real goods or goods, and the issuer has not cashed the currency into physical obligation; A currency that becomes legal currency only by government decrees. The value of fiat money comes from the owner's belief that money will maintain its purchasing power in the future. Money itself has no intrinsic value, that is to say, when the paper money comes into being, legal tender is essentially the negotiable paper money stipulated by law

the legal currency of the people's Republic of China is RMB, and the people's Bank of China is the national authority in charge of the management of RMB, which is responsible for the design, printing and issuance of RMB—— From the Internet

e-money: in fact, it is the electronization of legal money, including our common bank card, online banking, e-cash, etc; There are also third party payments developed in recent years, such as Alipay and WeChat payment. No matter what the form of these electronic money is and through which institutions it circulates, its original source is the legal money issued by the central bank

virtual currency: virtual currency refers to non real currency, and its existing state is intangible. The most important difference between virtual currency and electronic currency in narrow sense is the difference of issuers. Virtual currency is the electronization of illegal currency, and its original issuer is not the central bank. For example, game currency, q-coin, and ticket counting are mainly limited to circulation in a specific virtual environment

digital currency: digital currency which applies the latest digital network technologies such as blockchain, has the characteristics of Distributed Accounting, unique encryption technology, decentralized settlement, etc. Of course, digital tools with these characteristics must be supported by national credit if they want to become sovereign currency or legal tender

therefore, digital currency must be currency; In today's social system, money must also be sovereign money or legal tender. Secondly, digital currency must have the basic attributes and main functions of currency.

2. The core value of CBDC can be summarized as four points: first, the original purpose is to let the central bank better manage money creation and supply, enhance the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission mechanism and better deal with the business cycle. Second, the construction of payment and clearing infrastructure based on blockchain related technologies can rece costs and increase efficiency. Digital currency can greatly rece the cost of currency issuance, circulation, use and other links, and realize banknote free transactions, which is also in line with the current trend of rapid development of electronic payment. Third, it has given the central bank stronger control over the monetary system, such as KFC, anti money laundering, anti-terrorism financing, and some targeted policies. Before the launch of Libra, the central bank attached importance to CBDC mainly for the above three purposes. But now, the significance of CBDC in promoting the internationalization of RMB has become more important than ever. This is the fourth purpose of the central bank. Judging from the current progress of RMB internationalization, there are indeed many difficulties. One is the US led encirclement and interception, and the other is the turbulence in the stock and exchange markets. In order to break the encirclement led by the United States, realize the normal development of the stock exchange market and the foreign exchange market, and realize the internationalization of RMB, it is really a good way for the central bank to issue digital currency. On the 10th anniversary of RMB internationalization, RMB internationalization has made remarkable achievements. 13 international financial institutions around the world began to pay attention to China's bond market. In the tide of interest rate rection in developed countries, negative interest rate has become a conventional means, and China's bonds are very competitive in the world. As of the second quarter of 2019, 38 countries have signed currency swap agreements with China, with a total amount of 3.67 trillion yuan. The one belt, one road, which one belt, one road to push forward, is continuously creating demand for RMB internationalization, and the export of RMB has become an important means of "one belt and one road" internationalization of RMB. In addition, RMB is one of the most active currencies in the global foreign exchange market, and London has surpassed Hong Kong as the world's largest offshore RMB foreign exchange trading center. With the steady development of China's economy, RMB assets will continue to be favored by all countries in the world< One belt, one road or other friendly country, was also shared by the Central Bank of China when it issued the CBDC. It shared some of the mint rights with br />
CBDC. How to participate? Including the following two cases, let's take Kazakhstan as an example. The first is that Kazakhstan can issue RMB denominated Kazakh government bonds. The issuer is Kazakhstan, but the RMB denominated bonds are sovereign bonds for Kazakhstan, which can also be sold to the Central Bank of China in exchange for CBDC. The second is that Kazakhstan issues treasury bonds denominated in its own currency, which are issued by Kazakhstan and priced in its own currency. This method is the easiest for Kazakhstan, because this is their own national debt, which is sold to the Central Bank of China, which gives it CBDC. The similarities between the two lie in that they both sell treasury bonds to the Central Bank of China, but the issuers of treasury bonds are not the same, and the pricing currencies of treasury bonds are not the same, so the requirements for Kazakhstan are not the same. In theory, these ways can be used as a political tool to influence and regulate the relationship between the Chinese government and Kazakhstan<

4 digital currency will become the biggest magic weapon of RMB internationalization

China is now facing the biggest challenge, in terms of currency, in fact, the internationalization of RMB. The monetary settlement system based on US dollar has brought great problems to the decision-makers outside the US dollar. The best way to rece the status of US dollar is to replace us dollar with a global digital currency to end the dominant advantage of US dollar. The Chinese version of CBDC is likely to become the biggest magic weapon to promote the internationalization of RMB and end the hegemony of US dollar. The opportunity for RMB internationalization lies in the trend of de dollarization. Therefore, we need friendly countries other than US dollars to participate in China's digital currency. Taking the lead in the use of digital currency in block trading and financial settlement to bypass the restrictions on trading in US dollar will certainly realize the development of de dollarization and form a new currency trading system dominated by China and participated by many parties. So how to achieve it? In essence, it is to transfer benefits, so that non dollarized friendly countries can participate in the issuance process of CBDC, and even share the seigniorage of RMB. It is the most effective magic weapon to embody the spirit of democratization and benefit sharing of blockchain and bitcoin in the design of sovereign currency, which is also the most practical way to realize the internationalization of RMB.

3. Digital currency
unlike virtual currency, digital currency is neither bitcoin nor q-coin! That is to say, it is different from virtual currencies such as bitcoin and Ethernet
virtual currency can only be closed in circulation on the network, just like Tencent's q-coin and Huixin cloud software collaborative instry ecological chain platform, they can only be used for their own procts. Digital currency can be used for real goods and services transactions, but only the digital currency issued by the state is legal digital currency, bitcoin is illegal digital currency. As for legal digital currency, there is no unified international definition. Yao Qian, deputy director of the science and Technology Department of the people's Bank of China and head of the preparatory group of the digital currency Research Institute, believes that the digital currency researched and issued by the people's Bank of China is indexed RMB. From the perspective of national schemes, it belongs to legal encrypted digital currency, which is not only a payment tool but also a currency. Correspondingly, virtual currency is also called illegal fixed digital currency. Li Lihui, head of the blockchain working group of China Internet Finance Association, once said that digital currency must have legal status, national sovereignty endorsement, and clear responsibility subject of issuance. Virtual currencies represented by bitcoin and ethereal currency have no country, no sovereign endorsement, no qualified issuers, and no national credit support. These are not digital currencies
digital money is not equivalent to virtual currency
since digital money can be used for commodity trading, is Alipay and WeChat payment a kind of digital currency?
Alipay, WeChat payment and mobile phone banks are all electronic money, not digital money. These are all payment methods based on electronic accounts, which are in essence just a process of informatization of legal currency, not digital currency in a strict sense. For example, the amount of Alipay or WeChat transactions is essentially banknotes on bank accounts, but it is electronic form. The "100 yuan" displayed on the mobile phone will correspond to the real 100 yuan in the bank.
(edited by Huixin Yunxu)

5. Legal digital currency is different from digital currency in issuing mode and supervision mechanism
1. Legal digital currency: in essence, it is still the debt issued by the central bank to the public, which belongs to a form of digital currency. Legal digital currency should be the digital currency with legal status, which is the main body responsible for the issuance of national sovereignty.
2. Digital currency: virtual currency is represented by bitcoin and ether currency, which is not issued by central institutions, It has the characteristics of anonymity. It is not under the existing legislation, so it can not be recognized as money and has no monetary value.

6.

1. Improving the international influence of China's currency is concive to various settlement methods in the future, facilitating the transformation from virtual currency to paper currency, and promoting import and export trade

at present, most users of digital currency are mainly between 22 and 45 years old. It is mainly used in economically developed cities

7.

It's illegal

the central bank indicated that it has not issued legal digital currency, nor authorized any institutions and enterprises to issue legal digital currency, and there is no promotion team. At present, the so-called "digital currency" in the market is not legal digital currency

In addition, the so-called "digital currency" launched by some institutions and enterprises and the so-called promotion of the central bank's issuance of digital currency may involve pyramid selling and fraud

extended information:

virtual currency is the electronization of illegal currency, and its original issuer is not the central bank. This kind of virtual currency is mainly limited to circulation in a specific virtual environment. Digital currency can be used for real goods and services transactions, but only the digital currency issued by the state is legal digital currency

in 2013, the central bank, together with five ministries and commissions, issued the notice on prevention of bitcoin risks, which clearly defined non legal digital currencies such as bitcoin as virtual commodities, which do not exist in the form of currency and legal currency