Factors hindering the healthy development of digital currency
1. The factor of investment supply and demand is actually not independent, and investors' demand for digital currency is also affected by various news factors. However, from the price surge of last year, in the absence of obvious policy and other news, The admission of investors and investment institutions will also promote the price growth
2. Policy factors are also important factors affecting the price of digital red packets. In the past, the implementation and formulation of policies in South Korea, Japan, the United States and China have affected the price trend of bitcoin
3. The real financial factors and the instability of the real financial world make the demand for digital assets rise from time to time. For example, the Chinese government's policy adjustment, the brexit of the UK, the setback of the global stock market at the beginning of 2018 and other events all give play to the hedging characteristics of digital currency
4. Technical factors. Although the security of digital currency has been highly respected in its development, several technical crises still occurred in its development history. For example, bitfinex, the largest bitcoin dollar exchange, was attacked by hackers and stole 120000 bitcoin, and bitcoin fell by 25% in the following six trading days
5. Good news and bad news will affect the fluctuation of currency value
6. The market trend will be affected by the actions of the leading enterprises in this field, platforms, digital currencies with large market share, leaders with great influence in the market, etc
besides, choosing a good project can avoid risks to a certain extent. For example, HNB, the next generation of decentralized blockchain economy, is a reliable project. It relies on the real economy, and at the same time uses value exchange to continuously create endogenous value. It uses blockchain to build an economy, so that everyone can participate in it and get returns through labor, instead of relying on currency speculation.
1. Short term currency liquidity
2. Some short-term technical indicators
3. Geopolitical and unexpected factors
long-term factors:
1. Supply and demand
when supply exceeds demand, the currency will depreciate; When the supply exceeds the demand, the currency will appreciate
2. Monetary policy
changes in monetary policy will have an important impact on the value of money, which is the core factor
3. Economic trend
judging the value of money according to the economic trend, China's economic situation in the past few years was relatively good, GDP showed a rising trend year by year, in a state of rapid growth, The probability of currency appreciation will also be greater
4. Trade deficit
the situation of trade deficit can also reflect the value of currency
5. Political situation changes
under the situation of political instability in Middle East countries, The value of money will fluctuate with the change of political situation
6. Inflation and deflation
the value of money can be judged intuitively through inflation and deflation
7. The development factor of real economy
in China, the real economy is an important factor affecting the value of money, such as real estate, which has a high weight in some developed countries. In the process of development or economic volume of each country, the share of real economy is different. From the perspective of developed countries, the weight of consumer spending is very high. If consumer spending continues to increase, the overall economic development speed of this country is guaranteed.
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Based on Keynes' money demand theory, this paper analyzes the influence of electronic money on money demand theory. Keynes' money demand theory is also called liquidity preference theory. Based on the Cambridge school, he analyzed money demand from the perspective of capital liquidity. Keynes divided people's motives of holding money into three categories: transactional motives, preventive motives and speculative motives
in the short term, because e-money meets people's transaction motivation and preventive motivation, the amount of money held in this part will decrease, and the proportion of e-money in total income will decrease (the coefficient K will decrease). After the emergence of e-money, a large number of ATM and POS machines have been put into economic transactions, and the network banking instry has developed rapidly
extended materials:
with the in-depth development of e-money internationalization, it will be one of its future development prospects. With China's entry into WTO and the globalization of economy and trade, China is faced with opportunities and development. The extension of electronic currency in the international field, on the one hand, improves the speed and accuracy of trade settlement, but on the other hand, it also brings inevitable settlement risks
as the infrastructure conditions for the normal operation of e-money, such as ATM and POS, their growth will lay a material foundation for the rapid development of e-money in the future. At the same time, it also provides convenience for inter-bank transactions and promotes consumer transactions to maintain a high development speed
different political systems
different national development backgrounds
different economic systems and policies
local conflicts affect world peace
protection and blockade of science and technology
central bank digital money, I think Alipay and WeChat will definitely be affected because most people in our country are still more reliable than the government. So if there is such a digital currency, it will have more or less influence, but the impact should not be big, because for most of our young people, it is still used to Alipay and WeChat. For Alipay and WeChat, it is actually our first tool, but some people will certainly think that the state will be better, but then we will see the choice of our people, but for such a thing, I think Alipay and WeChat are more likely to use. P>
now our country will certainly increase the intensity to let our populace use the digital currency, but for our public, what kind of software do you want to use to pay is also your own wish, so this way, because of the state intervention, will definitely give our Alipay and WeChat certain influence, but the influence should not be very big. For us, it may be beneficial to our own cognition, and many of these ways are very good, because this way will definitely give our people better preferential treatment, because once there are state-owned enterprises entering, private enterprises will find ways to keep their customers from losing
a consumer ordered a new type of women's backpack on the Internet. Although the quality is good, the style is not as good as the one on the Internet. Many consumers think that the goods they actually get are not the ones they see on the Internet. What's going on? In fact, in the process of recing a three-dimensional object to many flat pictures, some basic information of the commodity itself will be lost; Input computer is only part of the information of artificial selection of goods, people can not get all the information of goods from the Internet, especially the most vivid intuitive impression of goods. It can be seen that in a sense, it is not the intention of businesses to deceive consumers. The limitations of the network itself will naturally mislead consumers, which may make consumers no longer easily believe their own eyes and doubt the reliability of e-commerce<
2. The search function is not perfect
when shopping on the Internet, a big problem faced by users is how to find the items they want on many websites and buy them at the lowest price. The search engine looks very simple: the user enters a query keyword, the search engine searches the database according to the keyword, and returns the most appropriate web page link. However, according to the recent research results of NEC Research Institute and inktomi company, at least 1 billion web pages on the Internet need to be indexed< However, the existing search engines can only index 500 million Web pages. Still half cannot be indexed. This is mainly not e to technical reasons, but because online businesses want to protect the privacy of commodity prices. Therefore, when users go shopping, they have to search one website at a time until they find items with satisfactory prices
3. The consumer concept of users can not keep up with
one big difference between e-commerce and traditional business is that the parties to the transaction do not meet, and the transaction is highly virtual, which requires that the credit environment of the whole society be better, and the concept of credit consumption should be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The development of e-commerce in western countries is relatively good. One of the important reasons is that the western market order is relatively good, the credit system is relatively sound, and the concept of credit consumption has been widely accepted. However, in China, on the one hand, people's awareness of credit consumption is very weak, and the use of credit cards is far from universal; On the other hand, people are afraid to buy fake and shoddy procts when they go to shopping malls, let alone on the Internet where they don't know how far away they are from them? Because the use of the network has not been fully popularized, people's lack of understanding of the network is also an important reason for the impact of online consumption. At present, most Internet users mainly use the Internet to understand information and chat. For many people, the Internet is even just a concept. In this case, the recession of e-commerce can be expected<
4. The security of transactions is not guaranteed
the security of e-commerce is still the main factor affecting the development of e-commerce. Due to the rapid popularity of Internet, e-commerce has attracted wide attention and is recognized as the most potential new growth point of IT instry in the future. However, how to ensure the security of data transmission has become one of the most important factors for the popularization of e-commerce. The survey company has concted an online survey on the application prospects of e-commerce. When asked why they are not willing to shop online, most people are worried about the loss of credit card information caused by hackers. Therefore, some people or enterprises are reluctant to use e-commerce because of security concerns, and security has become the biggest obstacle in the development of e-commerce. At present, the security of e-commerce is mainly reflected in the following aspects: A. secure and reliable communication network; B. Effectively protect the information system connected to the network; C. Effectively prevent data from being stolen or embezzled; D. Train e-commerce talents to know how to protect their information system and data security. In order to ensure the security of business affairs, we must meet a series of important conditions, in other words, not only to be safe, but also to be easy to manage and use. The first condition is that all participants in e-commerce (including users and service providers) carry out identity confirmation. Only after the user's identity is authenticated, can the data access of users be solved and managed accordingly. Considering the dispersion of business and the risk of using Internet, the security and integrity of online data must be guaranteed just as in database. In addition, it is necessary to ensure the long-term integrity of e-commerce records and transactions and prevent fraud, so as to provide the credibility necessary for a wide range of e-commerce. Finally, we must keep away from the various threats from the Internet to ensure the integrity of the computer system. Under these security features, users can rely on their system to complete major business applications
5. The management of e-commerce is not standardized enough.
the diversity of e-commerce has brought new business rules and methods to the world, which requires more standardization in management. The concept of management should cover business management, technology management, service management and other aspects, so it is necessary to achieve a more satisfactory degree of standardization in these aspects at the same time, It can't be done in a moment and a half. In addition, it is also very important that the front and back ends of e-commerce platform are consistent. The web platform of the front desk is directly for consumers and is the front of e-commerce. The background of the internal management system is a necessary condition for the completion of e-commerce, it is related to the front desk to undertake the business can ultimately be well realized. A perfect backstage system can better reflect the comprehensive strength of an e-commerce company, because it will ultimately decide what kind of service to provide users, whether the management of e-commerce is effective, and whether the e-commerce company can ultimately achieve profitability< Tax (including tariff and tax) is an important financial source of a country. Because e-commerce transactions are carried out in the international information network environment without fixed places, it is difficult for the state to control and collect e-commerce taxes. Therefore, when formulating policies and regulations related to e-commerce, we need to re-examine the traditional tax policies and means, and establish a new and effective tax mechanism
7. Standards
different countries have different national conditions. Of course, there are some differences in the trading methods and means of e-commerce, and we have to face the borderless and global trading activities. Therefore, we need to establish relevant and unified international standards in e-commerce trading activities to solve the interoperability problem of e-commerce activities. The current problem of e-commerce in China is that the concept of e-commerce is not clear. Those who engage in e-commerce and those who engage in e-commerce present a discrete, disordered and partial state. Therefore, three problems need to be solved: one is to solve the unified standard e-commerce integrated service platform; Second, the key of e-commerce lies in business, and application is its leading role. Therefore, all kinds of business and services should be connected; The third is to solve the standard problem of interconnection
8. Payment problem
e to backward financial means and unsound credit system, Chinese people prefer cash transactions and do not use credit cards. However, in the United States, there are few cash transactions, and people basically use credit card to pay for their shopping. Moreover, e to financial, tax, public security and other reasons, the State encourages the use of credit card to rece the flow of cash. Perfect financial system and convenient, reliable and safe means of payment are the basic conditions for the development of B to c e-commerce. It is not difficult to see that the factors that affect the development of e-commerce in China are not only the narrow network bandwidth, the high cost of Internet access, the lack of talents and the lag of distribution, but also the unsound credit system and people's living habits. Therefore, we should strengthen the financial reform, improve the legal system, establish the credit system, correctly guide people to change some living habits, and create a favorable development environment for the development of B to c e-commerce in China
9. Distribution problem
distribution is a headache for both businesses and consumers. Online consumers often encounter the phenomenon of delivery delay, and the cost of distribution is very high. Instry insiders pointed out that there is a lack of systematic, professional and national goods distribution enterprises in China, and the distribution sales organization has not formed a set of efficient and complete distribution management system, which undoubtedly affects people's shopping enthusiasm
10. Intellectual property issues
among the legal issues caused by e-commerce, the protection of intellectual property issues bear the brunt. Because the information on the computer network is in the form of digital information, the problem of right protection is particularly prominent in the field of intellectual property rights (patents, trademarks, rights and trade secrets, etc.)
11. Legal issues of electronic contract
in e-commerce, the written contract adopted in traditional business transactions is no longer applicable. On the one hand, electronic contract is easy to fabricate and difficult to prove its authenticity and validity; On the other hand, the existing laws do not regulate the legal effect of digital seal and signature of electronic contract. In addition, the existing technology can not accurately identify the uniqueness and confidentiality of digital seal and signature. How to ensure the validity of contracts and electronic seals and electronic signatures in e-commerce activities is one of the important factors to ensure the normal development of e-commerce<
12. Identification of electronic evidence
the information in the information network is unstable or changeable, which makes it very difficult to lock or obtain infringement evidence when infringement occurs in the information network, which brings great obstacles to the settlement of infringement disputes. How to ensure the stability, authenticity and effectiveness of information in the network environment is an important factor to effectively solve the infringement disputes in e-commerce
13. Other details
finally, there are some non-standard details. For example, the prices of online commodities are uneven at present, and the maximum difference in prices of main categories of commodities is 40%; There are great regional differences in online store services; Online shopping invoice problems; The response speed of online stores to orders is uneven; The law of e-commerce has not made clear and detailed provisions on the rights and obligations of participating in transactions
of course, the problems encountered in the current development of e-commerce are not limited to those mentioned above. No one can predict what kind of problems will be brought about by the development of e-commerce. It is not up to one person or group to solve and improve these problems. Therefore, if we want to take off, our wings will be very heavy.
first, it can make China's economic development healthy and orderly. So that prices and the purchasing power of RMB remain relatively stable. Neither let the Chinese people suffer losses, nor let Chinese enterprises suffer losses. This is more concive to the stability of China's political situation
Second, the stability of RMB value is concive to the establishment of China's international image
this will enable more countries to trade with China and absorb more foreign investment for China's development
thirdly, the stability of currency value can further improve the formulation of international laws and improve the relationship between countries. Rece trade conflicts and wars
this is the main aspect of the contradiction
if the RMB value rises, it will affect the development of Chinese enterprises, especially foreign-related enterprises, increase the cost of Chinese procts, rece competitiveness, affect people's living standards, and provide foreign companies with arbitrage opportunities for malicious exchange
in the past, the appreciation of Japanese currency has seriously affected the economic development of Japan.
(1) biological factors
1. Genetic factors
human psychology is mainly formed and developed under the influence of acquired environment. However, human psychological development is closely related to genetic factors. According to statistical investigation and clinical observation, the causes of many mental diseases do have blood relationship. At the same time, genetic susceptibility also exists in some people. The nerve types based on genetic quality and the physical characteristics of all ages also affect people's psychological activities
2. Viral infection and somatic diseases
infectious diseases of the central nervous system caused by germs and viruses (such as cerebral syphilis, typhus, epidemic encephalitis) can damage the structure of human nerve tissue and lead to organic mental disorders or mental disorders. This is particularly serious for children, is an important cause of mental retardation or dementia
3. Brain trauma and other factors
brain trauma or chemical poisoning, as well as some serious physical diseases and functional disorders are also the causes of mental disorders and mental disorders< (2) social factors
1. Living environment factors
poor material conditions and improper living habits, such as excessive intake of tobacco, alcohol and food, will affect and damage physical and mental health. Secondly, bad working environment, long working hours, incompetence, monotony, living conditions and poor economic income will make people anxious, irritable, angry, disappointed and other mental states, which will affect people's mental health. In addition, the great changes of living environment will also make indivials proce psychological stress, resulting in psychological discomfort
2. Major life events and mutation factors
various changes in life, especially some sudden changes, are often the causes of mental disorders or mental diseases, such as family death, lovelorn, divorce, natural disasters, diseases, etc. Every time an indivial experiences a life event, it will bring pressure to him, and he has to pay energy to adjust and adapt. Therefore, if there are too many unfortunate events or the events are serious and sudden in a period of time, his physical and mental health will be easily affected
3. Cultural and ecational factors
ecational factors include family ecation and school ecation. For personal psychological development, early ecation and family environment are one of the important factors affecting mental health. Studies have shown that if an indivial's early environment is monotonous and poor, his psychological development will be hindered and his potential development will be inhibited, and the well cared and richly stimulated indivial may become the best in althood. In addition, the relationship between children and their parents, parents' rearing attitude, way, family type will also have an impact on the indivial's mental health in the future. Children who establish and maintain a good relationship with their parents in the early stage, who are fully loved by their parents, who are supported and encouraged, are easy to get a sense of security and trust, and play a positive role in promoting the good development of personality, interpersonal communication, social adaptation and other aspects of althood.