Scope of digital currency
digital currency is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency (which can be used for real goods and services transactions)
digital currency has the main characteristics of network packets. This kind of data packet is composed of data code and identification code. The data code is the content we need to transmit, while the identification code indicates where the data packet comes from and goes
based on the characteristics of digital currency, the direct benefit of digital currency to the central bank is not only to save the cost of note issuance, circulation and settlement, but also to enhance the central bank's ability to control funds
Electronic money and virtual money are called digital money. According to the definition of the European Central Bank, virtual money is issued by non central banks, credit institutions and e-money institutions, which can be used as the numerical expression of the value of currency substitutes in some cases{rrrrrrr}
extended information:
the process of digital currency trading through the platform is as follows:
(1) investors should register accounts first, and obtain digital currency accounts and US dollar or other foreign exchange accounts at the same time
(2) users can buy and sell digital currency with the money in their cash account, just like buying and selling stocks and futures
(3) the trading platform will sort the buying requests and selling requests according to the rules and start to match them. If they meet the requirements, the transaction will be concluded
(4) e to the difference between the buy and sell volumes submitted by users, a buy or sell request may be partially executed
It's illegal
the central bank indicated that it has not issued legal digital currency, nor authorized any institutions and enterprises to issue legal digital currency, and there is no promotion team. At present, the so-called "digital currency" in the market is not legal digital currency
In addition, the so-called "digital currency" launched by some institutions and enterprises and the so-called promotion of the central bank's issuance of digital currency may involve pyramid selling and fraud 
extended information:
virtual currency is the electronization of illegal currency, and its original issuer is not the central bank. This kind of virtual currency is mainly limited to circulation in a specific virtual environment. Digital currency can be used for real goods and services transactions, but only the digital currency issued by the state is legal digital currency
in 2013, the central bank, together with five ministries and commissions, issued the notice on prevention of bitcoin risks, which clearly defined non legal digital currencies such as bitcoin as virtual commodities, which do not exist in the form of currency and legal currency
definition of digital currency:
the alternative currency in the form of electronic currency belongs to digiccy
digital currency is a kind of unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of specific virtual communities. The European Banking authority defines virtual currency as the digital expression of value, which is not issued by the central bank or authorities, nor linked with legal currency, but because it is accepted by the public, it can be used as a means of payment, and can also be transferred, stored or traded electronically
digital currency can be considered as a virtual currency based on node network and digital encryption algorithm
the core characteristics of digital currency are mainly reflected in three aspects: first, e to some open algorithms, digital currency has no issuing subject, so no one or institution can control its issuing; ② Because the number of algorithm solutions is fixed, the total amount of digital currency is fixed, which fundamentally eliminates the possibility of inflation caused by the overuse of virtual currency; ③ Because the transaction process needs the approval of each node in the network, the transaction process of digital currency is safe enough
the emergence of bitcoin poses a great challenge to the existing monetary system. Although it belongs to the generalized virtual currency, it is essentially different from the virtual currency issued by network enterprises, so it is called digital currency. This paper compares digital currency with electronic currency and virtual currency from the aspects of issuing subject, scope of application, issuing quantity, storage form, circulation mode, credit guarantee, transaction cost and transaction security.
Digital currency is a general term used to describe all forms of electronic currency, whether it is virtual currency or cryptocurrency. It is a form of data expression of value. Through data transaction, it plays the functions of transaction medium, accounting unit and value storage, but it is not the legal currency of any country or region
the concept of digital currency was first put forward in 1983. They only exist in digital or electronic form. Different from the actual paper money or coins, they are invisible. They can only be owned and used on the Internet through e-wallet or designated network. The advantage of digital currency is that there is no bank, the transaction is instant, and the transaction cost is very low. So: coin, token and virtual currency belong to digital currency
the main characteristics of digital currency
1. In terms of payment and settlement, it does not rely on institutions. It is a publicly accessible digital general ledger maintained by the whole distributed network, which is called "blockchain"
2. In terms of issuance and proction, the essence is to keep accounts on a mutually verified public accounting system. Under a certain algorithm mode, find out a string of random codes that meet the conditions, and then package this string of codes with other transaction information into a block and record them in this account book, so as to obtain a certain amount of digital currency
(3) it has no national boundaries, which makes it flow around the world. Virtual world corresponds to the real world, through the exchange relationship between digital currency and traditional currency, under certain conditions, specific digital currency can buy physical goods, and traditional currency can also buy specific virtual goods In theory, its distributed general ledger system can prevent any participant from forging digital currency and rece transaction risk The lower transaction cost of digital currency will promote banks and other financial institutions to improve service level and rece transaction costs Digital currency and mobile financial business model can promote the development of Inclusive Finance1. Litecoin is similar to bitcoin, which is also an encrypted digital currency, and its price has risen sharply recently. It is a P2P open source digital currency, which can be regarded as a branch of bitcoin. However, although lightcoin is based on bitcoin protocol, it does not require very high computing power. It can also be mined using ordinary computers. Lightcoin's algorithm comes from the algorithm designed by Dr Colin Percival for tarsnap secure online backup service (backup for Linux and other open source operating systems)
2. Namecoin
namecoin is also based on bitcoin, which is another branch of open source. Namecoin is a distributed DNS protocol -- generally speaking, it can transform the website name (such as ifeng. Com) that can be understood by human into the address that can be understood by machine. As its own DNS, this kind of currency can operate outside the normal Internet, so it can break away from the control of ICANN
the monetary value and domain name of namecoin are stored in the user's blockchain records, limiting the total number to 21 million
3. Peercoin
peercoin is a peer-to-peer variant of bitcoin, which can improve mining efficiency and security, and improve safeguard measures to avoid group mining. Now, group mining has been considered as a potential defect of bitcoin. According to the statistics of emerging currencies by coinmarketcap.com, peercoin currently ranks fourth in the market value of digital currencies
4. Primecoin
primecoin is a cryptocurrency similar to bitcoin, but it uses a completely independent mining algorithm. Bitcoin uses the hashcash algorithm, while prime coin uses the long Cunningham chains to create the value of money - a sequence of prime numbers named after mathematician AJC Cunningham
in the process of bitcoin mining, as the amount of money goes on, the difficulty will increase sharply. But prime is different. Every time a primecoin is mined, the mining difficulty will increase slightly, and the process is much more stable< 5. Feathercoin
based on the design of litecoin, released in April 2013, can adjust the mining difficulty more frequently than litecoin. Feathercoin will be updated frequently, adding new features and improvements to eliminate malicious mining behavior
6. Novacoin
another P2P digital cryptocurrency. Novacoin is different from most other currencies in that it integrates a protection mechanism in the currency core, which can identify illegal mining activities
the total number of novacoin is limited to 2 billion, which is considerable. If necessary, the total can be adjusted upward
7, infinitech
published in June 2013. A by-proct of litecain. According to the mining situation and the total amount of money, infinite money can frequently adjust the mining difficulty ratio< Megacoin was only released in the fourth quarter of 2013, imitating bitcoin in the early stage. The total number of megacoin is limited to 42 million, which can be mined like other virtual currencies. Its biggest selling point is brand publicity, which other digital currencies lack< It was released in 2013 and is still in its infancy. In the security part of quarkcoin, nine independent loops are deployed and six different algorithms are used.
In early 2014, the Central Bank of China set up a special research group on legal digital currency to demonstrate the feasibility of issuing legal digital currency by the central bank. On January 29, 2017, the central bank officially established the digital currency Research Institute. After the successful development of the prototype of legal digital currency, the digital currency Research Institute of the people's Bank of China has tried to deploy institutions in many parts of the country, and through the integration with R & D institutions and instries, it has achieved the research results of financial development technology. In 2018, the digital currency Research Institute of the people's Bank of China successively settled in Nanjing and Shenzhen. In 2019, the people's Bank of China announced that digital currency will be piloted in Shenzhen, Suzhou, Cheng and xiong'an
01
the research on Shenzhen's support for digital currency began in 2016
{rrrrrrr}
on October 6, 2017, the Management Committee of xiong'an new area held a special meeting to study the big data management system and mechanism and the basic idea of "digital xiong'an" construction, and fully promote the construction of "digital xiong'an". Soon after the meeting, all kinds of enterprises were inspired to build xiong'an new area into a "test ground" for innovation
on October 14, 2017, Peng Yijie, vice president of ant financial services and partner of Alibaba group, and his party went to xiong'an new area to report the blockchain construction plan. Peng Yijie's evaluation of xiong'an new area is: the best soil for building blockchain. On November 8 of the same year, xiong'an New District held a docking meeting with Alibaba group. Alibaba and ant financial services will undertake the construction of digital xiong'an blockchain infrastructure platform, and are expected to take the lead in testing the water in the rental scene
on November 23, 2017, Tencent and xiong'an new area signed a strategic cooperation agreement on financial technology, and both sides established Tencent (xiong'an) financial technology laboratory to test big data risk control system, Tencent cloud based blockchain services and other financial black technologies in the new area
on April 21, 2018, xiong'an New District of Hebei Province issued the outline of the planning for xiong'an New District of Hebei Province, which proposed to develop high-end high-tech instries, and lay out the R & D and test of blockchain, terahertz, cognitive computing and other technologies in advance. Blockchain has been written into the outline of xiong'an New District Planning in Hebei Province. A technology with advanced influence and far-reaching significance begins to grow together with a rising Digital City shouldering historical mission
on June 8, 2018, China Academy of information and communication signed a strategic cooperation agreement with xiong'an new area. The two sides will build a scientific research base in the field of information and communication in xiong'an new area, and provide comprehensive support services such as development strategic planning, standards and policy formulation for the construction of the new area, focusing on 5g, instrial Internet, artificial intelligence, blockchain, network security, military civilian integration, information technology and so on In the field of Internet of vehicles and other fields, Beijing Tianjin Hebei high tech innovation comprehensive service platform and innovation and entrepreneurship demonstration base will be built to promote instrial innovation and development
on June 28, 2018, xiong'an New Area officially signed a strategic cooperation with 360 group. 360 group will give full play to its advantages in network security, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other technical fields to provide comprehensive network security services for the construction of a safe and reliable "digital xiong'an"
on July 23, 2018, xiong'an group of China signed a memoranm of understanding with consensys, a blockchain technology company. Joseph Rubin, the founder of consensys, etc., made suggestions to xiong'an group of China on how to use blockchain technology, hoping to apply his knowledge and experience in blockchain ecosystem to xiong'an's projects and support xiong'an's innovative development mode
on December 21, 2018, Hebei xiong'an branch of Bank of communications was opened. The branch will rely on the head office's professional R & D team and strong R & D strength, rely on financial business processing, artificial intelligence, blockchain, big data, cloud computing and other financial technology platforms, constantly innovate the financial business model, and make greater contributions to the construction of green xiongan, smart xiongan and digital xiongan
on May 8, 2019, ICBC Technology Co., Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of ICBC, opened its business in xiong'an new area and became the headquarters of banking financial technology company in xiong'an new area. ICBC technology and Management Committee of xiong'an new area signed the memoranm of financial technology cooperation, and Management Committee of xiong'an New Area officially started the operation of xiong'an resettlement fund management blockchain platform, which will apply the block chain technology of ICBC to realize the whole process chain management of original files of resettlement and fund penetrating allocation
on December 25, 2019, Everbright Bank and digital city company of China xiong'an group will jointly build a "digital financial technology laboratory" in xiong'an new area. Guided by the strategic needs and information construction of xiong'an new area, it will graally build a highland of blockchain commercial application research, technological innovation and talent cultivation
on March 31, 2020, xiong'an blockchain laboratory was officially unveiled. Xiong'an blockchain laboratory has three major goals: to become a new highland of blockchain research and application, an open frontier innovation base, and to explore a new model of laboratory economy. At the third anniversary of the establishment of xiong'an new area, xiong'an blockchain laboratory has special significance, which marks that the innovative practice of xiong'an New Area's blockchain has entered the stage of organization and large-scale landing, and marks a new chapter in the synchronous planning and construction of digital city and physical city in xiong'an new area
xiong'an new district is a digital city forest that has been cultivated from the seed, which is naturally suitable for the central bank's digital currency pilot. Shanghai xiongan, Shenzhen, Cheng on the left and Suzhou on the right are looking forward to the central bank's digital currency pilot projects in these four places, which will spread to the world
Digital money (electronic money or electronic currency) is a kind of money in digital form (different from paper money and coins). It shows properties similar to physical currency, but allows immediate transaction and boundaryless ownership transfer. Examples include virtual currency, cryptocurrency and currency issued by central bank and recorded in computer database (including digital base currency). Like traditional currencies, they may be used to buy physical goods and services, but they may also be restricted in some communities, such as online games
and the reason why e-money can be widely used in the market at this stage, to a large extent, is that it reces the normal currency transaction costs, and this huge advantage also makes it possible for e-money to replace traditional currency
then, after understanding the concept of e-money and its huge market share, what are the actual functions of e-money
first, e-money has the function of transfer settlement, which is also the most basic function of e-money. In the concept of e-money introced above, it is actually an invisible transfer activity, and this transfer settlement activity can completely replace the cash transfer transaction and rece the cost of paper money in the process of transaction
Second, e-money has the function of saving. As far as the use of e-money is concerned, transfer is the most basic function, and the function of deposit and withdrawal can be perfectly realized. Moreover, the operation steps of deposit and withdrawal business through e-money will be simpler. In addition, the annual interest rate of PM perfect wallet savings is as high as 7%
Third, e-money has the function of exchange, and the function of currency exchange is an essential function at this stage, because once you go out to other places, you have to start currency exchange, and e-money can achieve this function. Different e-currencies will support different businesses and have different payment channels. E-Pay supports the exchange functions of four kinds of e-currencies. PM, advocate, payer and fasapay are the preferred channels for legal currency in many digital currency exchanges
Fourth, e-money has the function of consumer loan, which is very simple, that is, first to make a loan to your bank, and then to achieve the purpose of using money in advance
what is the difference between e-money and virtual money? Both electronic money and virtual money are intangible, and the most important difference between them is the difference of issuers. Electronic money is the electronization of the legal tender, including our common bank cards, Internet banking, electronic cash, and the third party payment developed in recent years, such as Alipay, fortune paid and so on. No matter what form these electronic currencies are and through which institutions they circulate, their original source is the legal money issued by the central bank.