Advantages of digital currency over traditional currency
Publish: 2021-03-28 07:07:10
1. The future world will be a digital world, and money will develop from paper money in the past to digital money in the future, which is a trend. Because in order to adapt to the digital world, the future currency must also be digital. It can be predicted that digital currency will be safer, faster and more convenient in the future. Now many blockchain technology procts, although its name is what currency, but in fact it is not currency. Under the guise of digital currency investment, it is a Ponzi scheme. Even some of them don't even have blockchain technology, which is just a fake number to cheat people.
2. Here's what central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan said: in the future, digital currency will graally replace traditional currency
we can't say the timetable of digital currency yet. China has a large population and a large volume. For example, a new version of RMB can be changed in a few months for small countries, but it will take about 10 years for China. Therefore, digital currency and cash will be parallel and graally replaced for quite a long time. In the later stage, the transaction cost of cash will graally rise. For example, in the past, banks were asked to count a large number of coins, and there was no charge for them. Later, they may need to charge. With the incentive mechanism, people will naturally use more digital currency, but the two will still co deposit in the longer term
the central bank's issuance of digital currency is also inspired by cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin and lettercoin, and the European crowdfunding model of combining digital currency with real assets also draws on the experience of bitcoin.
we can't say the timetable of digital currency yet. China has a large population and a large volume. For example, a new version of RMB can be changed in a few months for small countries, but it will take about 10 years for China. Therefore, digital currency and cash will be parallel and graally replaced for quite a long time. In the later stage, the transaction cost of cash will graally rise. For example, in the past, banks were asked to count a large number of coins, and there was no charge for them. Later, they may need to charge. With the incentive mechanism, people will naturally use more digital currency, but the two will still co deposit in the longer term
the central bank's issuance of digital currency is also inspired by cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin and lettercoin, and the European crowdfunding model of combining digital currency with real assets also draws on the experience of bitcoin.
3. Many people have said that the following is the view of central bank governor Zhou Xiaochuan:
Caixin reporter: on January 20, the people's Bank of China held a seminar on digital currency and proposed to strive for the early launch of the digital currency issued by the central bank. What is the reason for this< In fact, the central bank has been studying digital currency for a long time. From the perspective of historical development trend, money has always evolved with the development of technological progress and economic activities. From the early physical money, commodity money to the later credit money, it is a natural choice to adapt to the development of human commercial society. As the currency of the previous generation, paper money has low technology content. From the perspective of safety and cost, it is the general trend to be replaced by new technology and new procts. In particular, with the development of the Internet and the great changes in payment methods all over the world, the establishment of digital currency issuance and circulation system is very necessary for the construction of financial infrastructure and the promotion of economic quality, efficiency and upgrading
how to replace it? There are several ideas: one is to imitate paper money. For example, transactions between paper money are anonymous, and digital currency also wants to be anonymous, which leads to its technology choice. But the reason why banknotes are anonymous is not designed intentionally at first, but no other technology can guarantee the convenience of a large number of small transactions. Of course, some people think that anonymity is better for future digital currency transactions, because assuming that the government may make mistakes, the privacy of private wealth and the use of wealth should be absolutely protected
from the perspective of the central bank, the future digital currency should try its best to protect private privacy, but social security and order are also important. In case of criminal problems, it is necessary to retain the necessary verification means, that is to say, it is necessary to find a balance between protecting privacy and cracking down on criminal activities. The mastery of the balance between these two motivations also makes the tendency of technology choice different<
Caixin: what are the central bank's ideas on the issue and management of digital currency? What's the difference between digital currency and digital currency spontaneously appearing in the current market< / > Zhou Xiaochuan: at present, what many countries in the world recognize is the framework of digital or electronic money dominated by the central bank, which may be different from that of the people
when the central bank issues digital currency, it mainly embodies the following principles: first, it provides convenience and security. Second, as mentioned above, we should balance the protection of privacy with the maintenance of social order and the fight against illegal and criminal acts, especially for money laundering, terrorism and other criminal acts. Third, it should be concive to the effective operation and transmission of monetary policy. The fourth is to retain the control of currency sovereignty. Digital currency is freely convertible and controllable. Therefore, we believe that digital currency as legal tender must be issued by the central bank. The issue, circulation and transaction of digital currency should follow the idea of integration of traditional currency and digital currency, and implement the same principle of management
Caixin: is there a timetable for the launch of digital currency? Is it going to replace paper money in the end
Zhou Xiaochuan: we can't say the timetable of digital currency yet. China has a large population and a large volume. For example, a new version of RMB can be changed in a few months for small countries, but it will take about 10 years for China. Therefore, digital currency and cash will be parallel and graally replaced for quite a long time. In the later stage, the transaction cost of cash will graally rise. For example, in the past, banks were asked to count a large number of coins, and there was no charge for them. Later, they may need to charge. With the incentive mechanism, people will naturally use more digital currency, but the two will still co deposit in the longer term< However, there are many other applications of virtual currency. For example, the European crowdfunding platform uses blockchain technology to combine digital currency with real assets.
Caixin reporter: on January 20, the people's Bank of China held a seminar on digital currency and proposed to strive for the early launch of the digital currency issued by the central bank. What is the reason for this< In fact, the central bank has been studying digital currency for a long time. From the perspective of historical development trend, money has always evolved with the development of technological progress and economic activities. From the early physical money, commodity money to the later credit money, it is a natural choice to adapt to the development of human commercial society. As the currency of the previous generation, paper money has low technology content. From the perspective of safety and cost, it is the general trend to be replaced by new technology and new procts. In particular, with the development of the Internet and the great changes in payment methods all over the world, the establishment of digital currency issuance and circulation system is very necessary for the construction of financial infrastructure and the promotion of economic quality, efficiency and upgrading
how to replace it? There are several ideas: one is to imitate paper money. For example, transactions between paper money are anonymous, and digital currency also wants to be anonymous, which leads to its technology choice. But the reason why banknotes are anonymous is not designed intentionally at first, but no other technology can guarantee the convenience of a large number of small transactions. Of course, some people think that anonymity is better for future digital currency transactions, because assuming that the government may make mistakes, the privacy of private wealth and the use of wealth should be absolutely protected
from the perspective of the central bank, the future digital currency should try its best to protect private privacy, but social security and order are also important. In case of criminal problems, it is necessary to retain the necessary verification means, that is to say, it is necessary to find a balance between protecting privacy and cracking down on criminal activities. The mastery of the balance between these two motivations also makes the tendency of technology choice different<
Caixin: what are the central bank's ideas on the issue and management of digital currency? What's the difference between digital currency and digital currency spontaneously appearing in the current market< / > Zhou Xiaochuan: at present, what many countries in the world recognize is the framework of digital or electronic money dominated by the central bank, which may be different from that of the people
when the central bank issues digital currency, it mainly embodies the following principles: first, it provides convenience and security. Second, as mentioned above, we should balance the protection of privacy with the maintenance of social order and the fight against illegal and criminal acts, especially for money laundering, terrorism and other criminal acts. Third, it should be concive to the effective operation and transmission of monetary policy. The fourth is to retain the control of currency sovereignty. Digital currency is freely convertible and controllable. Therefore, we believe that digital currency as legal tender must be issued by the central bank. The issue, circulation and transaction of digital currency should follow the idea of integration of traditional currency and digital currency, and implement the same principle of management
Caixin: is there a timetable for the launch of digital currency? Is it going to replace paper money in the end
Zhou Xiaochuan: we can't say the timetable of digital currency yet. China has a large population and a large volume. For example, a new version of RMB can be changed in a few months for small countries, but it will take about 10 years for China. Therefore, digital currency and cash will be parallel and graally replaced for quite a long time. In the later stage, the transaction cost of cash will graally rise. For example, in the past, banks were asked to count a large number of coins, and there was no charge for them. Later, they may need to charge. With the incentive mechanism, people will naturally use more digital currency, but the two will still co deposit in the longer term< However, there are many other applications of virtual currency. For example, the European crowdfunding platform uses blockchain technology to combine digital currency with real assets.
4. Compared with the traditional bank transfer, remittance and other methods, dcpro digital currency transaction does not need to pay fees to the third party, and its transaction cost is lower, especially compared with the cross-border payment which provides high fees to payment service providers.
5. Hello, there's no problem with this graphics card with this kind of hardware.
even if it's live broadcasting, it's no problem. Live broadcasting is mainly about processor and memory. You can satisfy it, but you need to ensure the network speed
even if it's live broadcasting, it's no problem. Live broadcasting is mainly about processor and memory. You can satisfy it, but you need to ensure the network speed
6.
bitcoin, as a kind of network digital currency, can be said to be liked by many people, because for many people, bitcoin will bring high profits to themselves, but we will crack down on such things, and such procts will be suspected of illegal fund-raising or money laundering to a large extent
it is very difficult to supervise bitcoin, because bitcoin is a kind of virtual network digital currency, so it will be very difficult to manage the behavior of many people's speculation on bitcoin. Although we often stop such behavior, people's interest is very big, In many cases, it can be said that it is because of their own interests that they will suffer losses{ RRRRR}
you must pay attention to your own safety when carrying out online trading, and do not believe in any online investment and online stock speculation
7. First, it has security; second, it has non depreciation
8. What is the difference between e-money and traditional money
with the improvement of social proctivity, the demand and quantity of social commodity exchange are growing, and the form of money has developed from shells, precious metals, ordinary metals to paper money and bills to today's e-money. The development of information technology with computer technology as the core has caused great changes in people's proction and lifestyle, and also promoted the development of money form. The booming e-commerce has developed a variety of means and tools of electronic payment. People call it electronic money, while others call it electronic currency, digital cash, digital currency, electronic cash, etc. The so-called "electronic currency" covers a wide range, such as credit card, savings card, debit card, IC card, consumption card, telephone card, gas card, electronic check, electronic wallet, network currency, smart card, etc., and almost all the electronic payment tools and methods related to capital
e-money is developed on the basis of traditional money, and has a lot in common with traditional money in nature, function and function. For example, the essence of e-money and traditional money is a special commodity which acts as a general equivalent. This special commodity is reflected in a certain social proction relationship. At the same time, they have five functions: value scale, circulation means, payment means, storage means and world currency. They reflect the value of commodities, mediate the exchange of commodities and regulate the circulation of commodities
compared with traditional money, e-money has different backgrounds, such as social background, economic conditions and technological level; Its manifestations are as follows: electronic money is transmitted and displayed by electronic pulse instead of paper, which is processed and stored by microcomputer without the size, weight and imprint of traditional money; Electronic money can only circulate in the field of transfer, and the circulation speed is much faster than that of traditional money; Traditional currency can be used in any area, while electronic currency can only be used in credit card market; The traditional currency is issued by the state and circulates compulsorily, while the electronic currency is issued by the bank. Its use can only be guided by propaganda, not forced orders. In addition, in use, legal currency should be used to reflect and realize the value of commodities, and settle the creditor's rights and debts between commodity procers; The influence of e-money on society is wider and deeper< Second, the application of e-money; It is widely used in the fields of proction, exchange, distribution and consumption; It integrates savings, credit and non cash settlement; At present, the use of e-money is usually based on bank card, so it is also called non denomination money. Because of the above characteristics, e-money is easy to use, safe, fast and reliable, and has many functions: saving function, using e-money to deposit and withdraw money; using e-money to withdraw money; Transfer settlement function, direct consumption settlement, instead of cash transfer; Cash function, when using currency in other places, exchange currency; The function of consumer loan is to borrow money from banks and use money in advance under certain conditions
credit card payment is the most commonly used tool in electronic payment. With the development of technology, the card base of credit card has developed from magnetic stripe card to more secure and reliable smart card, which can read and write a large amount of data. People call it electronic credit card, electronic wallet and e-card. Electronic wallet can also be said to be an electronic payment tool based on WWW browser or combined with WWW browser. It can display how much money users still have on their smart cards, and transfer funds among multiple electronic wallet in the case of mutual recognition. Some electronic wallet can also carry out wireless data communication, making electronic payment more vital
e-check is another common electronic payment tool in Internet banking. To change the traditional check into an electronic message with digital signature, or to use other digital messages instead of all the information of the traditional check, is the electronic check. Electronic check draws on the advantages of paper check transfer payment and transfers money from one account to another by digital transfer. Electronic check is the most efficient means of payment because of its low transaction cost and its ability to provide standardized fund information for merchants participating in e-commerce
in addition to the above e-credit cards and e-checks, there are also e-cash, e-change, secure change, online currency, digital currency, etc. The common characteristics of these payment tools are paperless, electronic and digital cash or currency, which is concive to the transmission, payment and settlement in the network, the use of Internet banking, and the realization of electronic payment and online payment
since the 1970s, check and cash payment methods have graally transferred their dominant position to bank card. In this process, the "cash flow" in the payment process has changed into "bill flow". With the deepening of the application of computer network technology in the bank, the bank has been able to use the computer application system to further transform the above "cash flow" and "bill flow" into "data flow" in the computer. In the bank computer network system, funds are transferred and transferred in a way invisible to human eyes, which is a modern payment method launched by the banking instry. This kind of fund, which is stored in computer in the form of electronic data and can be used through computer network, is more and more widely used in e-commerce
in e-commerce, the bank is the link between proction enterprises, commercial enterprises and consumers, and plays a crucial role. Whether the bank can effectively realize e-payment has become the key to the success of e-commerce. Taking a simple online transaction process as an example, firstly, the buyer sends a shopping request to the seller; The seller sends the buyer's payment instruction to the seller's acquiring bank through the payment gateway; The acquiring bank obtains the authorization from the issuing bank through the bank card network, and sends the authorization information back to the seller through the payment gateway; After obtaining the authorization, the Seller shall send the buyer the shopping completion information. If payment acquisition and payment authorization cannot be completed at the same time, the seller should send payment acquisition request to the acquiring bank through the payment gateway, and transfer the transaction funds from the buyer to the seller's account. The final inter-bank settlement is completed by the payment system between banks. From the above transaction process, it is not difficult to find that online transaction can be divided into two parts: transaction link and payment and settlement link. The payment and settlement link is completed by the financial professional network including payment gateway, issuing bank and card issuing bank. Therefore, without the bank, it is impossible to complete the payment of online transactions, so there is no real e-commerce
Citibank in the United States is currently developing an e-money system, which can provide consumers and enterprises with online payment services around the world. Visa Group issued 300000 smart cards ring the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games. The smart card can record the amount transferred in and dect the consumption amount each time when swiping the card. It is a kind of stored value card type electronic currency. In May 1997, the Finnish bank took the lead in the experiment of online shopping payment, setting a European precedent. Due to the popularity of the Internet, the financial instry has invested in the network financial services business, which also accelerates the advent of the era of e-money. In the global plan to promote business automation, businesses and manufacturers are connected by an electronic ordering network, and each store is equipped with a point of sale system (POS). Consumers can pay all kinds of money with electronic currency through the terminal equipment of businesses
e-money is usually transmitted on a private network and processed through POS and ATM machines. In recent years, with the development of Internet, online financial services have been carried out all over the world. Internet financial services can meet people's various needs, including online consumption, online banking, personal finance, online investment and trading, online stock speculation, etc. These financial services are characterized by timely electronic payment and settlement through electronic currency. At this time, the types and forms of e-money have been further developed. The electronic currency system on Internet includes credit card system, electronic check system and digital cash system< Third, the main characteristics of e-money system
all kinds of e-money systems are in the process of development, with different characteristics, and many aspects have not been finalized. First of all, e-money procts are different in technology implementation. In order to store the prepaid value, the card based system needs special portable computer hardware facilities, the representative is the plastic card embedded in the microprocessor chip, while the software based system uses the special software installed on the standard PC< Secondly, institutional arrangements may change. The obvious point is that the operation of an e-money system will include four kinds of service providers: issuers of e-money value, network operators, suppliers of specialized software and hardware, and liquidators of e-money business. From a policy point of view, the most important provider is the issuer, because e-money is the liability of the balance sheet of these institutions. In contrast, network operators and hardware and software suppliers only provide technical services, while clearing houses are typical banks or professional companies owned by banks (it provides services for e-money and other non cash payment services). Obviously, when there are many publishers, but in some cases there is only one publisher, other institutions "buy" value from the publisher and then "sell" it to consumers
thirdly, electronic money procts have different ways of value transfer. Some electronic money systems allow direct electronic money transfers between consumers without involving any third party, such as the issuer of electronic value. More generally, payment is only allowed from the consumer to the merchant, and the merchant must exchange the recorded value in turn
Fourth, what is related to transferability is the degree of transaction records. Although some systems assume to keep only limited personal transaction records or no records at all, most systems register some transaction details between consumers and businesses in a central database, and these records can be monitored. If direct transactions between consumers are allowed, they can only be recorded in their own storage facilities, and only when consumers are connected with the operators of the e-money system can they be centrally monitored
technically, all businesses can issue e-cash, and without control, e-commerce will not develop normally, It even brings serious economic and financial problems. The safe use of e-cash is also an important issue, including limited use by legal persons and avoidance of repeated use. For borderless e-commerce applications, e-cash also has a lot of potential problems in tax, law, foreign exchange rate, money supply and financial crisis. It is necessary to formulate a strict economic and financial management system to ensure the normal operation of digital currency
e-money is the core of e-commerce, and it
with the improvement of social proctivity, the demand and quantity of social commodity exchange are growing, and the form of money has developed from shells, precious metals, ordinary metals to paper money and bills to today's e-money. The development of information technology with computer technology as the core has caused great changes in people's proction and lifestyle, and also promoted the development of money form. The booming e-commerce has developed a variety of means and tools of electronic payment. People call it electronic money, while others call it electronic currency, digital cash, digital currency, electronic cash, etc. The so-called "electronic currency" covers a wide range, such as credit card, savings card, debit card, IC card, consumption card, telephone card, gas card, electronic check, electronic wallet, network currency, smart card, etc., and almost all the electronic payment tools and methods related to capital
e-money is developed on the basis of traditional money, and has a lot in common with traditional money in nature, function and function. For example, the essence of e-money and traditional money is a special commodity which acts as a general equivalent. This special commodity is reflected in a certain social proction relationship. At the same time, they have five functions: value scale, circulation means, payment means, storage means and world currency. They reflect the value of commodities, mediate the exchange of commodities and regulate the circulation of commodities
compared with traditional money, e-money has different backgrounds, such as social background, economic conditions and technological level; Its manifestations are as follows: electronic money is transmitted and displayed by electronic pulse instead of paper, which is processed and stored by microcomputer without the size, weight and imprint of traditional money; Electronic money can only circulate in the field of transfer, and the circulation speed is much faster than that of traditional money; Traditional currency can be used in any area, while electronic currency can only be used in credit card market; The traditional currency is issued by the state and circulates compulsorily, while the electronic currency is issued by the bank. Its use can only be guided by propaganda, not forced orders. In addition, in use, legal currency should be used to reflect and realize the value of commodities, and settle the creditor's rights and debts between commodity procers; The influence of e-money on society is wider and deeper< Second, the application of e-money; It is widely used in the fields of proction, exchange, distribution and consumption; It integrates savings, credit and non cash settlement; At present, the use of e-money is usually based on bank card, so it is also called non denomination money. Because of the above characteristics, e-money is easy to use, safe, fast and reliable, and has many functions: saving function, using e-money to deposit and withdraw money; using e-money to withdraw money; Transfer settlement function, direct consumption settlement, instead of cash transfer; Cash function, when using currency in other places, exchange currency; The function of consumer loan is to borrow money from banks and use money in advance under certain conditions
credit card payment is the most commonly used tool in electronic payment. With the development of technology, the card base of credit card has developed from magnetic stripe card to more secure and reliable smart card, which can read and write a large amount of data. People call it electronic credit card, electronic wallet and e-card. Electronic wallet can also be said to be an electronic payment tool based on WWW browser or combined with WWW browser. It can display how much money users still have on their smart cards, and transfer funds among multiple electronic wallet in the case of mutual recognition. Some electronic wallet can also carry out wireless data communication, making electronic payment more vital
e-check is another common electronic payment tool in Internet banking. To change the traditional check into an electronic message with digital signature, or to use other digital messages instead of all the information of the traditional check, is the electronic check. Electronic check draws on the advantages of paper check transfer payment and transfers money from one account to another by digital transfer. Electronic check is the most efficient means of payment because of its low transaction cost and its ability to provide standardized fund information for merchants participating in e-commerce
in addition to the above e-credit cards and e-checks, there are also e-cash, e-change, secure change, online currency, digital currency, etc. The common characteristics of these payment tools are paperless, electronic and digital cash or currency, which is concive to the transmission, payment and settlement in the network, the use of Internet banking, and the realization of electronic payment and online payment
since the 1970s, check and cash payment methods have graally transferred their dominant position to bank card. In this process, the "cash flow" in the payment process has changed into "bill flow". With the deepening of the application of computer network technology in the bank, the bank has been able to use the computer application system to further transform the above "cash flow" and "bill flow" into "data flow" in the computer. In the bank computer network system, funds are transferred and transferred in a way invisible to human eyes, which is a modern payment method launched by the banking instry. This kind of fund, which is stored in computer in the form of electronic data and can be used through computer network, is more and more widely used in e-commerce
in e-commerce, the bank is the link between proction enterprises, commercial enterprises and consumers, and plays a crucial role. Whether the bank can effectively realize e-payment has become the key to the success of e-commerce. Taking a simple online transaction process as an example, firstly, the buyer sends a shopping request to the seller; The seller sends the buyer's payment instruction to the seller's acquiring bank through the payment gateway; The acquiring bank obtains the authorization from the issuing bank through the bank card network, and sends the authorization information back to the seller through the payment gateway; After obtaining the authorization, the Seller shall send the buyer the shopping completion information. If payment acquisition and payment authorization cannot be completed at the same time, the seller should send payment acquisition request to the acquiring bank through the payment gateway, and transfer the transaction funds from the buyer to the seller's account. The final inter-bank settlement is completed by the payment system between banks. From the above transaction process, it is not difficult to find that online transaction can be divided into two parts: transaction link and payment and settlement link. The payment and settlement link is completed by the financial professional network including payment gateway, issuing bank and card issuing bank. Therefore, without the bank, it is impossible to complete the payment of online transactions, so there is no real e-commerce
Citibank in the United States is currently developing an e-money system, which can provide consumers and enterprises with online payment services around the world. Visa Group issued 300000 smart cards ring the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games. The smart card can record the amount transferred in and dect the consumption amount each time when swiping the card. It is a kind of stored value card type electronic currency. In May 1997, the Finnish bank took the lead in the experiment of online shopping payment, setting a European precedent. Due to the popularity of the Internet, the financial instry has invested in the network financial services business, which also accelerates the advent of the era of e-money. In the global plan to promote business automation, businesses and manufacturers are connected by an electronic ordering network, and each store is equipped with a point of sale system (POS). Consumers can pay all kinds of money with electronic currency through the terminal equipment of businesses
e-money is usually transmitted on a private network and processed through POS and ATM machines. In recent years, with the development of Internet, online financial services have been carried out all over the world. Internet financial services can meet people's various needs, including online consumption, online banking, personal finance, online investment and trading, online stock speculation, etc. These financial services are characterized by timely electronic payment and settlement through electronic currency. At this time, the types and forms of e-money have been further developed. The electronic currency system on Internet includes credit card system, electronic check system and digital cash system< Third, the main characteristics of e-money system
all kinds of e-money systems are in the process of development, with different characteristics, and many aspects have not been finalized. First of all, e-money procts are different in technology implementation. In order to store the prepaid value, the card based system needs special portable computer hardware facilities, the representative is the plastic card embedded in the microprocessor chip, while the software based system uses the special software installed on the standard PC< Secondly, institutional arrangements may change. The obvious point is that the operation of an e-money system will include four kinds of service providers: issuers of e-money value, network operators, suppliers of specialized software and hardware, and liquidators of e-money business. From a policy point of view, the most important provider is the issuer, because e-money is the liability of the balance sheet of these institutions. In contrast, network operators and hardware and software suppliers only provide technical services, while clearing houses are typical banks or professional companies owned by banks (it provides services for e-money and other non cash payment services). Obviously, when there are many publishers, but in some cases there is only one publisher, other institutions "buy" value from the publisher and then "sell" it to consumers
thirdly, electronic money procts have different ways of value transfer. Some electronic money systems allow direct electronic money transfers between consumers without involving any third party, such as the issuer of electronic value. More generally, payment is only allowed from the consumer to the merchant, and the merchant must exchange the recorded value in turn
Fourth, what is related to transferability is the degree of transaction records. Although some systems assume to keep only limited personal transaction records or no records at all, most systems register some transaction details between consumers and businesses in a central database, and these records can be monitored. If direct transactions between consumers are allowed, they can only be recorded in their own storage facilities, and only when consumers are connected with the operators of the e-money system can they be centrally monitored
technically, all businesses can issue e-cash, and without control, e-commerce will not develop normally, It even brings serious economic and financial problems. The safe use of e-cash is also an important issue, including limited use by legal persons and avoidance of repeated use. For borderless e-commerce applications, e-cash also has a lot of potential problems in tax, law, foreign exchange rate, money supply and financial crisis. It is necessary to formulate a strict economic and financial management system to ensure the normal operation of digital currency
e-money is the core of e-commerce, and it
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