Who does the central bank partner with to make digital currency
The digital currency of the central bank is DCEP
the name of the digital currency developed by the central bank is DCEP (digital currency electronic payment). DC is digital currency. EP is electronic payment. Payment transmits digital things through a certain way, not paper currency. Therefore, electronic payment itself has the attribute of digital currency
The characteristics of digital currency are: low transaction cost; Fast trading speed; Highly anonymous
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Application of digital currency
I. fast, economic and safe payment and settlement
cross border payment helps RMB internationalization. In 2015, the settlement volume of cross-border payment involving current account is about 8 trillion yuan. To accelerate the internationalization of RMB, cross-border payment and settlement procts and solutions with low cost, high efficiency and low risk are needed
At present, there are still a lot of repetitive human work in the bank's electronic loan process and processing process, and as the basic support of loan issuance, many of the collateral has the situation of false pricing or multiple or even no collateral. We can consider using digital currency to price and track bank collateral:3. Bill finance and supply chain finance
in recent years, various bill market businesses based on commercial bills have grown rapidly, and bill financing procts have become a hot area of Internet financing. However, about 70% of the current bill businesses in China are still paper transactions, Supply chain finance is also highly dependent on labor costs
reference materials
network digital currency
On November 9, 2019, the central bank has not launched digital currency
in 2014, the Central Bank of China set up a special research team to conct in-depth research on the framework of digital currency issuance and business operation, key technologies of digital currency, issuance and circulation environment, and legal issues
in January 2017, the central bank officially established the digital currency Research Institute in Shenzhen
in September 2018, the Institute of digital currency built a trade finance blockchain platform
On July 8, 2019, at the launching ceremony of the digital finance open research program and the first academic seminar, Wang Xin, director of the Research Bureau of the people's Bank of China, disclosed that the State Council has officially approved the research and development of the central bank's digital currency, and the central bank is engaged in corresponding work in organizing market institutions
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benefits of digital currency
the digitalization of central bank's currency helps to optimize the central bank's monetary payment function, improve the central bank's monetary status and the effectiveness of monetary policy. The central bank's digital currency can become an interest bearing asset to meet the holder's reserve demand for safe assets, and can also become the lower limit of bank deposit interest rate. It can also become a new monetary policy tool
at the same time, the central bank can affect the bank deposit and loan interest rate by adjusting the digital currency interest rate of the central bank, and help to break the zero interest rate lower limit
since the great development of domestic online payment, the central bank has been promoting the research and development of data currency, recing the issue of paper currency and issuing it in the form of electronic currency
in view of the nature of currency, sovereign countries all over the world are the same, and other entities are not allowed to issue legal currency. So we saw fcaebook issue Libra virtual currency based on blockchain, and the US government also expressed concern. Zuckerberg attended questions in Congress many times
electronization is indeed a trend, but all countries can only allow the central bank to take the lead. After the digital currency photo of ABC test appeared in the market yesterday, the stock market also had some waves. The central bank's enthusiasm for digital currency has always been strong, so the development of e-currency and subsequent real issuance should be ahead of other countries
of course, the enthusiasm of the central bank is also based on the situation that the domestic electronic payment is leading the world, and the payment habit of Chinese people has been formed. In the future, it will be another scene if it is expanded under the appropriate scene. The digital currency of the central bank is the replacement of paper money
its functions and properties are exactly the same as paper money, but its form is digital. We define it as "digital payment instrument with value characteristics"
the application scenario of digital currency is like this: as long as two people have DCEP digital wallets on their mobile phones, there is no need to connect to the network. As long as the mobile phone is a little bit, when two mobile phones touch each other, the digital currency in one person's digital wallet can be transferred to another person, that is, there is no need to bind any bank account, Unlike now, WeChat and Alipay need to bind a bank card, but DCEP doesn't need it.
this means that DCEP can circulate like paper money. But how is it different from bitcoin and other digital currencies?
the central bank's digital currency belongs to legal currency. Like cash, the central bank's digital currency has unlimited legal compensation, that is to say, you can't refuse to accept DCEP, which is backed by the central bank and the whole national system
now many private Payment institutions or platforms will set up various payment barriers, such as WeChat's money can not be transferred to Alipay, Alipay's money can not be transferred to WeChat, but for the central bank's digital currency, as long as the use of electronic payment places, it must accept the central bank's digital currency.
so how do indivials need to invest in DCEP?
at present, DCEP is probably equal to RMB, so the appreciation space can not be said to be small. Its value is equivalent to RMB, and it is equivalent to people who speculate in foreign exchange can participate in its investment, and it will certainly not float as much as other blockchain virtual currencies, which will certainly disrupt the financial system of the whole country, Since the state can guarantee the stability of RMB exchange rate, it is believed that the stability of legal currency can also be guaranteed
at present, all countries and institutions have plans to launch their own digital currency. The most famous one is lbra launched by Facebook. For the launch of digital currency, we also cross the river by feeling the stone. Any financial innovation has its deep meaning, which is promoting the reform of the whole society.
the media's attention to the central bank's digital currency has increased significantly, especially after Zuckerberg testified in Congress on the Libra issue and Christina Lagarde acknowledged the "clear demand" for stable currency at her first media reception as president of the European Central Bank, which seems to have changed the public's view on this matter, Let many people in cryptocurrency community think that cbdcs is in sight<
according to the latest survey report released by the bank for International Settlements, central banks in the past seven years have been investigating this technology and assessing its impact. Of the 63 central banks surveyed, 55 said they were unlikely to issue cbdcs in the next three years, and only one reported that they were "highly likely to issue large-scale cbdcs in the next three to six years."
although the proportion of central banks studying cbdcs is very high, the crux of the problem is that it is mainly theoretical and investigative work. Only five central banks have concted more in-depth research and real project development or experimentation - but that still does not mean that they will necessarily issue cbdcs
through close observation, it is more and more obvious that both Libra recently released by Facebook and the new stable currency assets have had a significant impact on the central bank. Today's situation took hundreds of years to form, but it changed in a few months; Competition, the most terrifying and unfamiliar concept that has never been thought of before and penetrated into the elite society of central banks, is now knocking at the door
it can be said that the solution to the current situation is still unclear. Some people who are familiar with these things even say that they are bluffing. However, in Lagarde's own words, the slow and wait-and-see regulatory approach can no longer meet the needs
1. What is central bank digital currency<
what is the difference between central bank digital currency CBDC and other digital currencies
CBDC is a new form of currency, which is directly issued by the central bank in digital form as legal tender. The current form of legal currency is cash, reserve deposit or balance settlement< There are two main differences between CBDC and other digital currencies (including cryptocurrency and other forms of central bank currency):
1. CBDC has nothing to do with cryptoassets. They're not decentralized, they don't have to be blockchain based, and they're certainly not anonymous, they're not unlicensed, they're not censored< 2. Contrary to the current digital cash, the operation structure of CBDC will be different from other forms of central bank currency. CBDC has more powerful functions. They are programmable, can generate interest, can be cleared in near real time, and have cheaper handling charges and wider openness
when designing CBDC, the speed of central banks is different. Different central banks adopt their own approach. However, in general, there are three problems being explored: whether CBDC should be based on token or account number, whether CBDC should be batch (only open to banks) or retail (open to the public), and whether it should be based on DLT
when CBDC is to be implemented, things will become complicated, and there are many thorny problems to be considered
for example, once CBDC is launched, does it need to cancel cash? Should CBDC carry interest? Should they have face value like cash? Or linked to the total price index? What impact will this have on commercial banks? What about anonymity and privacy? All these questions need to be answered<
2. Motivation for issuing CBDC
in the 2017 staff discussion paper, the Bank of Canada gave six reasons for issuing CBDC in an article entitled "central bank digital currency: motivation and impact":
1. Ensure that the central bank provides sufficient cash to the public, and maintain the seigniorage revenue of the central bank
2, Support non-traditional monetary policy
3. Rece overall risk and improve financial stability
4. Improve payment competitiveness
5. Promote financial inclusiveness
6. Curb criminal activities
looking back at the bank for International Settlements survey we analyzed earlier, payment security and domestic efficiency are selected as the most important motives of the central bank. According to a large number of papers published by the central bank and other large financial institutions, for developed countries, the transformation into a cashless society is the main driving factor, while for developing countries, financial inclusiveness, cost rection and operational efficiency are the main motivation
throughout the rest of the reports and the literature that can be found, the fierce competition brought about by bitcoin and other innovations in the cryptocurrency instry, as well as the clear need for "one step ahead", of course, are not listed as the reasons for issuing CBDC< The advantages and potential risks of CBDC are very low.
if the central bank starts to launch CBDC and succeeds in the end, there are many potential benefits
from a technical point of view, CBDC is much better than the current form of legal currency. They can be tracked better, collect taxes more conveniently, transmit monetary policy better, have better financial inclusiveness, and rece the cost of procing physical currency
the most obvious advantage is that payment is cheaper and faster, whether it is domestic payment or cross-border payment
in addition to the design and implementation problems, a key problem of issuing CBDC is that CBDC may increase the risk of bank operation. However, this only happens when banks promise that their deposits can be converted into CBDC on demand, which is not necessarily the case, according to the Bank of England document
4. Facts on the ground
how far is it from us to see a real CBDC appear in the market? It's hard to estimate, but at present, we can sum up the current situation in one sentence: all talk but no practice
if we put aside the failed digital currencies of Ecuador, Tunisia and Venezuela, we can only do theoretical research, a small amount of experiments, and issue some feasible CBDC issuance announcements supported by the state in the future
the most famous CBDC projects in progress are: e-peso in Uruguay (the project was successfully tested in 2018), DCEP in China, "project Inthanon" in Thailand, e-krona in Sweden (still in the research stage)...
5. The revolution has not yet been successful, and comrades still need to work hard
considering the factors mentioned above, Most of the headlines about CBDC's upcoming release are groundless. All projects scheled to be released this year have been delayed
in fact, there is still a long way to go for the birth of CBDC, and to convince the public, we need more than a statement. Given the current situation, it seems that CBDC and other cryptocurrencies may not affect each other - at least for now.
Digital currency can be understood as the digitalization of RMB, which has two obvious advantages: "no account payment" and "no network payment". After Facebook launched Libra this year, the central bank's digital currency has also stepped in. We see both challenges and opportunities
in a word, digital currency is still RMB in fact, but some changes have taken place in its form. We say that digital currency is of great significance. It not only enhances the security and controllability, but also makes counterfeit currency "invisible". In addition, the issuance of the central bank's digital currency is also concive to the central bank's more convenient and transparent management
ACU (average concurrent users) average number of online players at the same time
PCU (peak concurrent users) has the highest number of simultaneous online players
online game, English name is online game, also known as "online game", referred to as "online game". It refers to a sustainable indivial multiplayer online game with Internet as the transmission medium, game operator server and user computer as the processing terminal, and game client software as the information interaction window, which aims to achieve entertainment, leisure, communication and virtual achievement
on the evening of December 5, 2016, the Ministry of Culture issued the notice on standardizing the operation of online games and strengthening the supervision ring and after the event, which clearly stipulated for the first time that the virtual currency and virtual props of online games cannot be exchanged for legal tender. On the evening of August 30, 2018, the Ministry of ecation and other eight departments issued a notice on the implementation plan for comprehensive prevention and control of myopia among children and adolescents, proposing total amount control of online games
the difference between online games and stand-alone games is that players must play multiplayer games through Internet connection. Generally, it refers to a collection of game procts in which multiple players operate characters and scenes in a virtual environment according to certain rules to achieve the purpose of entertainment and interaction
and the single game mode is mostly man-machine combat. Because it can't connect to the Internet and the interaction between players is poor, but it can carry out limited multiplayer combat through LAN connection. The birth mission of online games is "to improve the quality of life of global human beings through online game services in Internet services"
The birth of online games enriches human life and promotes the progress of global human society. It enriches the spiritual world and material world of human beings, improves the quality of human life and makes human life happier