It is suggested to maintain DCEP for the digital currency of the
The digital currency of the central bank is DCEP
the name of the digital currency developed by the central bank is DCEP (digital currency electronic payment). DC is digital currency. EP is electronic payment. Payment transmits digital things through a certain way, not paper currency. Therefore, electronic payment itself has the attribute of digital currency
The characteristics of digital currency are: low transaction cost; Fast trading speed; Highly anonymous
extended data
Application of digital currency
I. fast, economic and safe payment and settlement
cross border payment helps RMB internationalization. In 2015, the settlement volume of cross-border payment involving current account is about 8 trillion yuan. To accelerate the internationalization of RMB, cross-border payment and settlement procts and solutions with low cost, high efficiency and low risk are needed
At present, there are still a lot of repetitive human work in the bank's electronic loan process and processing process, and as the basic support of loan issuance, many of the collateral has the situation of false pricing or multiple or even no collateral. We can consider using digital currency to price and track bank collateral:3. Bill finance and supply chain finance
in recent years, various bill market businesses based on commercial bills have grown rapidly, and bill financing procts have become a hot area of Internet financing. However, about 70% of the current bill businesses in China are still paper transactions, Supply chain finance is also highly dependent on labor costs
reference materials
network digital currency
Digital RMB, issued by the people's Bank of China, is a controllable anonymous payment tool with value characteristics and legal compensation, which is operated by designated operating institutions and exchanged with the public. It is based on the generalized account system, supports the loose coupling function of bank accounts, and is equivalent to banknotes and coins
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the media's attention to the central bank's digital currency has increased significantly, especially after Zuckerberg testified in Congress on the Libra issue and Christina Lagarde acknowledged the "clear demand" for stable currency at her first media reception as president of the European Central Bank, which seems to have changed the public's view on this matter, Let many people in cryptocurrency community think that cbdcs is in sight<
according to the latest survey report released by the bank for International Settlements, central banks in the past seven years have been investigating this technology and assessing its impact. Of the 63 central banks surveyed, 55 said they were unlikely to issue cbdcs in the next three years, and only one reported that they were "highly likely to issue large-scale cbdcs in the next three to six years."
although the proportion of central banks studying cbdcs is very high, the crux of the problem is that it is mainly theoretical and investigative work. Only five central banks have concted more in-depth research and real project development or experimentation - but that still does not mean that they will necessarily issue cbdcs
through close observation, it is more and more obvious that both Libra recently released by Facebook and the new stable currency assets have had a significant impact on the central bank. Today's situation took hundreds of years to form, but it changed in a few months; Competition, the most terrifying and unfamiliar concept that has never been thought of before and penetrated into the elite society of central banks, is now knocking at the door
it can be said that the solution to the current situation is still unclear. Some people who are familiar with these things even say that they are bluffing. However, in Lagarde's own words, the slow and wait-and-see regulatory approach can no longer meet the needs
1. What is central bank digital currency<
what is the difference between central bank digital currency CBDC and other digital currencies
CBDC is a new form of currency, which is directly issued by the central bank in digital form as legal tender. The current form of legal currency is cash, reserve deposit or balance settlement< There are two main differences between CBDC and other digital currencies (including cryptocurrency and other forms of central bank currency):
1. CBDC has nothing to do with cryptoassets. They're not decentralized, they don't have to be blockchain based, and they're certainly not anonymous, they're not unlicensed, they're not censored< 2. Contrary to the current digital cash, the operation structure of CBDC will be different from other forms of central bank currency. CBDC has more powerful functions. They are programmable, can generate interest, can be cleared in near real time, and have cheaper handling charges and wider openness
when designing CBDC, the speed of central banks is different. Different central banks adopt their own approach. However, in general, there are three problems being explored: whether CBDC should be based on token or account number, whether CBDC should be batch (only open to banks) or retail (open to the public), and whether it should be based on DLT
when CBDC is to be implemented, things will become complicated, and there are many thorny problems to be considered
for example, once CBDC is launched, does it need to cancel cash? Should CBDC carry interest? Should they have face value like cash? Or linked to the total price index? What impact will this have on commercial banks? What about anonymity and privacy? All these questions need to be answered<
2. Motivation for issuing CBDC
in the 2017 staff discussion paper, the Bank of Canada gave six reasons for issuing CBDC in an article entitled "central bank digital currency: motivation and impact":
1. Ensure that the central bank provides sufficient cash to the public, and maintain the seigniorage revenue of the central bank
2, Support non-traditional monetary policy
3. Rece overall risk and improve financial stability
4. Improve payment competitiveness
5. Promote financial inclusiveness
6. Curb criminal activities
looking back at the bank for International Settlements survey we analyzed earlier, payment security and domestic efficiency are selected as the most important motives of the central bank. According to a large number of papers published by the central bank and other large financial institutions, for developed countries, the transformation into a cashless society is the main driving factor, while for developing countries, financial inclusiveness, cost rection and operational efficiency are the main motivation
throughout the rest of the reports and the literature that can be found, the fierce competition brought about by bitcoin and other innovations in the cryptocurrency instry, as well as the clear need for "one step ahead", of course, are not listed as the reasons for issuing CBDC< The advantages and potential risks of CBDC are very low.
if the central bank starts to launch CBDC and succeeds in the end, there are many potential benefits
from a technical point of view, CBDC is much better than the current form of legal currency. They can be tracked better, collect taxes more conveniently, transmit monetary policy better, have better financial inclusiveness, and rece the cost of procing physical currency
the most obvious advantage is that payment is cheaper and faster, whether it is domestic payment or cross-border payment
in addition to the design and implementation problems, a key problem of issuing CBDC is that CBDC may increase the risk of bank operation. However, this only happens when banks promise that their deposits can be converted into CBDC on demand, which is not necessarily the case, according to the Bank of England document
4. Facts on the ground
how far is it from us to see a real CBDC appear in the market? It's hard to estimate, but at present, we can sum up the current situation in one sentence: all talk but no practice
if we put aside the failed digital currencies of Ecuador, Tunisia and Venezuela, we can only do theoretical research, a small amount of experiments, and issue some feasible CBDC issuance announcements supported by the state in the future
the most famous CBDC projects in progress are: e-peso in Uruguay (the project was successfully tested in 2018), DCEP in China, "project Inthanon" in Thailand, e-krona in Sweden (still in the research stage)...
5. The revolution has not yet been successful, and comrades still need to work hard
considering the factors mentioned above, Most of the headlines about CBDC's upcoming release are groundless. All projects scheled to be released this year have been delayed
in fact, there is still a long way to go for the birth of CBDC, and to convince the public, we need more than a statement. Given the current situation, it seems that CBDC and other cryptocurrencies may not affect each other - at least for now.
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in terms of positioning, the central bank's digital currency DCEP is not simply the digitization of banknotes, but to replace M0 (banknotes and coins) and change the form of the base currency. M0 refers to the cash in circulation, that is, the sum of the cash on hand of various units outside the banking system and the cash held by residents. The digitalization of banknotes generally refers to online replacement of lines, such as Alipay and WeChat, which all belong to online payment. However, both of them need to bind bank cards to pay. DCEP does not have this restriction, that is to say, when using DCEP for payment, there is no need to bind any bank account
the name of digital currency is easy to associate with cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin, but there is a fundamental difference between DCEP and them: DCEP is centralized while bitcoin is decentralized
to be exact, DCEP is a kind of sovereign credit currency, while the latter two are the procts of the idea of "currency non nationalization". The paper money itself has no value. The reason why it can perform the function of currency is that it is supported by the national credit and has the nature of legal compensation and compulsion. However, cryptocurrency such as bitcoin is a kind of private currency in essence and has no solid credit foundation. Therefore, any cryptocurrency with its own mining algorithm, following P2P protocol, limited amount, reaching a certain degree of consensus and decentralization can be a substitute for bitcoin
comparatively speaking, if there is a substitute for DCEP, it can only be other forms of RMB, such as banknotes and coins. That is to say, the digital currency DCEP issued by the central bank is still the debt of the central bank to the public, and this relationship between creditor's rights and debt will not change with the change of currency form.
In the official letter of Xiangcheng District of Suzhou, enterprises, institutions and management committees of Xiangcheng District are required to sign a digital currency agreement with the wage paying bank, install digital wallets for all staff (except retirees), and pay 50% of the monthly salary in the form of digital currency
this is the first practical application of the central bank's digital currency since the R & D news, which is a historical moment worth remembering
let's review the development of DCEP:
in 2014, the central bank set up a special research group on legal digital currency
in 2016, it set up a digital currency Research Institute on the basis of the original group
in June 2018, it set up Shenzhen Financial Technology Co., Ltd.
in August 2019, the central government issued a document to carry out digital currency research and mobile payment pilot in Shenzhen
on October 29, 2019, At the "2019 Bund financial summit", Huang Qifan, vice president of China Center for international economic exchange, said: "the digital currency DCEP launched by the Central Bank of China is a new crypto electronic currency system based on blockchain technology." This is the debut of DCEP
On April 3, 2020, in the "national teleconference on money, gold, silver and security work", the central bank said that it would "unswervingly promote the research and development of legal digital currency" On April 10, Zhou Xuedong, director of the general office of the people's Bank of China, pointed out at the "first quarter financial statistics press conference" that "with regard to digital currency, the people's Bank of China is advancing in an orderly manner according to the original plan."on April 14, the central bank's digital currency DCEP took the lead in the internal test of ABC
on April 16, Xiangcheng District of Suzhou realized the implementation of the first application scenario of central bank's digital currency DCEP, using "digital wallet" as the payment channel and issuing it in the form of transportation subsidies
judging from various actions, the central bank's plan for digital currency is well prepared and in an orderly and continuous progress
why DCEP
from the national level, it is well known that the macroeconomic regulation and control means of sovereign countries are mainly through monetary policy and fiscal policy, just like the current global lack of liquidity e to the epidemic, China's economy is stimulated by interest rate rection and government spending, but the funds are transmitted layer by layer, and there are few funds really used for the target range
if we use the central bank's digital currency system, we can analyze and track a large number of transactions, and use the most direct and efficient means to put funds where they need, so as to release liquidity and benefit the people
from the international level,
the use of blockchain technology can realize the review of national credit and increase the credit of the country's monetary system. With the increase of GNP, credit must also increase, and the process of RMB internationalization will be more rapid
this is very simple to understand. Blockchain technology makes it impossible for asset certificates to be forged and makes credit verifiable, which is naturally concive to RMB internationalization
Last year, the World Bank Group and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) issued a report that up to now, nearly 70% of the central banks are studying the digital currency of the central bank, which also shows that the digital wave is the general trend. At present, the central bank's digital currency DCEP is likely to be used on a large scale ahead of other countries in the world, and the era of digital currency is comingthe era of digital economy is getting closer and closer
today's era is a digital era. With the comprehensive rise of technological innovation and digital economy, science and technology has changed from the initial role of a tool to the backbone of financial reform. The continuous collision and integration of digital five complete genes (whole airspace, whole process, whole scene, full analysis, and full value) and financial instry not only changes the settlement and settlement methods and sovereign currency issuance mechanism among indivials, enterprises, and countries, but also greatly improves the operation efficiency of instrial chain, and brings the development of the whole economic society and human progress
if blockchain technology will "genetically transform" all walks of life, then digital currency will "genetically transform" the financial instry. Looking forward to the future, the in-depth integration and transformation of traditional instries by blockchain, artificial intelligence, cloud computing, Internet of things and other technologies will lead us into a new era of digital economy
in short, the era of digital economy is getting closer and closer to us
the implementation of the central bank's digital currency is bound to bring disruptive changes to the existing financial market and breed huge wealth opportunities. The future has come, the wind has come, keep up with the pace of the instry, accurately grasp the future trend, and quickly seize the blue ocean of wealth business