Does digital card use electricity
fiat money: it means that it does not represent real goods or goods, and the issuer has not cashed the currency into physical obligation; A currency that becomes legal currency only by government decrees. The value of fiat money comes from the owner's belief that money will maintain its purchasing power in the future. Money itself has no intrinsic value, that is to say, when the paper money comes into being, legal tender is essentially the negotiable paper money stipulated by law
the legal currency of the people's Republic of China is RMB, and the people's Bank of China is the national authority in charge of the management of RMB, which is responsible for the design, printing and issuance of RMB—— From the Internet
e-money: in fact, it is the electronization of legal money, including our common bank card, online banking, e-cash, etc; There are also third party payments developed in recent years, such as Alipay and WeChat payment. No matter what the form of these electronic money is and through which institutions it circulates, its original source is the legal money issued by the central bank
virtual currency: virtual currency refers to non real currency, and its existing state is intangible. The most important difference between virtual currency and electronic currency in narrow sense is the difference of issuers. Virtual currency is the electronization of illegal currency, and its original issuer is not the central bank. For example, game currency, q-coin, and ticket counting are mainly limited to circulation in a specific virtual environment
digital currency: digital currency which applies the latest digital network technologies such as blockchain, has the characteristics of Distributed Accounting, unique encryption technology, decentralized settlement, etc. Of course, digital tools with these characteristics must be supported by national credit if they want to become sovereign currency or legal tender
therefore, digital currency must be currency; In today's social system, money must also be sovereign money or legal tender. Secondly, digital currency must have the basic attributes and main functions of currency.
1. Bitcoin mining is a kind of computer used to earn bitcoin. This kind of computer generally has professional mining chips and works in the way of burning graphics card
, which consumes a lot of power
one of the ways to get bitcoin is that users download software from personal computers and then run specific algorithms to communicate with remote servers
simply put, it is a box like a computer host. Plug in the Internet cable and power supply, and configure the account information
to automatically "mine" - generate bitcoin
2. The popular digital currencies in 2013 are bitcoin, Leyte coin, zeta coin, pennies (Internet), invisible gold bar, red coin, pole
point coin, barbecue coin and prime currency. At present, hundreds of digital currencies are issued all over the world
the price of bitcoin mining machine ranges from two or three hundred yuan to 200000 yuan
3. From 2011 to 2013, high configuration bitcoin & quot; Mining machine & quot; From 10000 yuan to 300000 yuan, but the performance is better than before
a lot
4. According to instry insiders, the old machine can only dig 1 bitcoin in 100 days, but now (2013) machine can dig 3.5 bitcoins in 100 days
according to the miner information published by the domestic assembly team, a miner with the lowest configuration at the price of 3000 yuan can be returned in more than 30 days according to the bitcoin mining speed
degrees
The machine with mining speed of 10G / s can dig about 0.03 bitcoins 24 hours a day, while the machine with mining speed of 13g / s can dig about 0.035 bitcoins 24 hours a day according to the full network computing power and difficulty of 2013power consumption of bitcoin mining machine:
according to digiconomist's bitcoin energy consumption index, as of Monday (November 20), the current global annual power consumption generated by "mining" for
bitcoin is expected to be 29.05twh. TWH is one kilowatt hour, equivalent to one billion
power consumption per 100 S4 bitcoin mining machines is 900W per hour, and power consumption per S4 bitcoin mining machine is 90W per hour
The digital currency wallet is the hardware wallet, which means that the private key of digital assets is stored in a single chip, isolated from the Internet, plug and play. Hardware wallet can't guarantee 100% security. For example, if a geek gets your hardware wallet and doesn't know your private key, it may be cracked by violence. It's just one of the safest storage methods compared to other storage methods
many block chain entrepreneurs at home and abroad are optimistic about the development of this field, so they begin to build more hardware wallets. In the case of the exchange being stolen a lot of money and the software wallet being stolen from time to time, many investors regard the hardware wallet as the last moat
extended information:
whether the hardware wallet is safe
the hardware wallet can not guarantee 100% security. For example, if a geek obtains your hardware wallet, it may be cracked violently even if it doesn't know your hardware wallet immediately. It's just one of the safest storage methods compared to other storage methods
of course, there are exceptions, such as you have unlimited brain power and never forget. It's better to save it anywhere than in your own mind
E-cash, like paper money, has no value in itself. It only depends on the credit of the issuer to reflect its value. It is a kind of digital information composed of 0 and 1 signed by the bank through electronic means, so it is also called digital currency. It is different from the credit card used now, because the credit card itself is not money, it is just a means of transfer, and e-cash itself is a kind of money, it can be directly used to buy goods. Although it is the same as gold coin and paper money, it does not need physical entity like them. Instead, it can make electronic payment only through data exchange to realize the function of cash. E-cash has the following characteristics:
one is the rapidity of mobile. It can send cash to distant places instantaneously through the network, so it has extremely fast mobility. Because it is a kind of digital information, like the usual data, it can be put in the computer and transmitted by the network. Moreover, it can be sent directly to the store terminal by the consumer terminal, so there is no need to pay the service charge to the intermediate settlement institution. However, because it can transfer large amounts of money to distant places instantaneously, it also increases the monitoring difficulty of financial management institutions, and also causes tax, legal, exchange rate instability and other problems
The other is the anonymity of payment (i.e. it is impossible to know who originally owned the money). Using cash can also achieve anonymity, but it is difficult to achieve it when using electronic settlement services (such as credit card). With the electronization of various social systems, there is a tendency to automatically collect personal secret information. Payment behavior is often the source of all kinds of personal secret information. Therefore, the use of e-cash will be an effective means of self-defense in the future computer society. However, the anonymity of e-cash will also provide the convenience of money laundering for money of unknown origin, so we should try to prevent it The third is to improve the safety. Because the security measures it adopts are far more perfect than the current credit card, much safer than checking accounts and savings accounts, and will not be stolen or robbed like banknotes and coins Fourthly, it can save cost. Banknotes need to be printed, transported, preserved, counted, anti-counterfeited and secured, which requires a lot of expenses. It is reported that the annual cost of transporting tangible currency in the United States is as high as US $6 billion, and that in the United Kingdom is as high as 200 million pounds. The cost of money settlement and transportation between the world bank system accounts for 5% of its total management fee. All these expenses can be saved when using e-cashnow, the central bank has also issued RMB and digital currency. What is the difference between the digital Renminbi and our daily WeChat Alipay payment? p> First, the essence of the concept is different
the digital currency issued by the central bank is legal tender, compensable and real money. If someone refuses to accept digital RMB, it is an illegal act and can directly report to the police. WeChat and Alipay, which we use everyday, are data. They do not represent money. They are just a transfer station between banks and users. They only represent a way of payment. In other words, digital money is money, which can be directly consumed. Alipay and WeChat will no longer have the function of paying for consumption without money. p>
the functions and properties of digital currency are exactly the same as paper money, but its form is digital Mu Changchun, director of the digital currency Research Institute of the central bank, said that the central bank's digital currency is a digital alternative to paper money, that is, digital currency and electronic payment tools. If we regard the digital currency issued by the central bank as digital RMB cash, we can understand the concept of digital currency very well
Mu Changchun once described such a use scenario: as long as you and I have DC / EP digital wallets on mobile phones, we don't even need the network. As long as the mobile phone has electricity and two mobile phones touch each other, we can transfer the digital currency in one person's digital wallet to another person. Digital money does not need to bind any bank account when it is paid, unlike WeChat and Alipay bank. p>
fan Yifei, vice governor of the central bank, said that the central bank's digital currency focuses on replacing M0 (i.e. banknotes and coins), and maintains the properties and main features of cash, which meets the needs of portability and anonymity, and will be the best tool to replace cash
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extended materials
Digital RMB will be carried out in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and other places
the notice on printing and distributing the overall plan for comprehensively deepening the innovation and development of service trade was released on the official website of the Ministry of Commerce on the 14th, which announced the pilot areas of digital RMB
the reporter noted that Article 93 "comprehensively deepen the pilot tasks, specific measures and division of responsibilities for innovative development of trade in services" proposes to carry out digital RMB pilot projects in Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and other pilot areas in central and Western China
according to the notice, the people's Bank of China has formulated policy safeguard measures; First, Shenzhen, Cheng, Suzhou, xiong'an new area and other relevant departments of the future Winter Olympic Games scene will assist in the promotion, and then expand to other regions as appropriate
the pilot areas for comprehensive deepening are Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing (21 municipal districts including Fuling District), Hainan, Dalian, Xiamen, Qing, Shenzhen, Shijiazhuang, Changchun, Harbin, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Hefei, Jinan, Wuhan, Guangzhou, Cheng, Guiyang, Kunming, Xi'an, Urumqi, Suzhou, Weihai, xiong'an New District of Hebei, Gui'an New District of Guizhou Shaanxi Xixian new area and other 28 provinces and cities (regions)
to understand decentralization is to understand blockchain. A real blockchain project is to practice the concept of decentralization through reasonable game rule design supplemented by information technology. Bitcoin system is an excellent demonstration project of decentralization concept and blockchain technology. It's no exaggeration to say that I think this is a revolution in the concept of the Internet and another revolution in the equalization of human beings. The last time it broke the inequality in status between people, this time it broke the inequality in the rules of the game itself. Because of this, blockchain can stimulate people's enthusiasm. It is a new thing that sounds like it can overturn all the old rules
why is it called "blockchain"
because Nakamoto designed this account book as a long chain of "packets", each "packet" is called a "block", and each of these blocks has a unique number (in the bitcoin system, the number is called height), which is the natural number 1, 2, 3, 4... All the way down, Jumping, interruption and repetition are not allowed<
the specific rules of blocks are explained below:
the first block was created by the inventor of blockchain "Nakamoto Tsung" personally. On January 4, 2009, Beijing time, on a small server in Helsinki, Finland, the first block was born, which is also called "Genesis block". On this block, the main information is:
the middle paragraph is a memorial of "Nakamoto Tsung" engraved on the first block. Starting from the second block, every block must be created in strict accordance with the rules of bitcoin system. The rules of the block are:
block rules
all the mysteries of the blockchain lie in the random number added to the tail, because it is so mysterious that ordinary people can only enjoy it, so I will call it "Olympiad" later for the convenience of explanation
because there are only two possibilities for each bit of a binary number, 0 or 1, the possibility of making up an Olympic number is one 72nd power of 2, that is, 1 / 4722366482869645213696. That's a dazzling number. It's about 1 in 4.7 trillion. In other words, it takes an average of 4.7 trillion Sha calculations to get an "Olympian number". You can see the value of each "Olympian number"
it may become a New Mathematical Olympiad with no rules to follow.
as a means of payment, most e-money can not be separated from cash or deposit. It is transmitted and transferred by electronic means to pay off creditor's rights and debts and realize settlement. Therefore, the function and influence of e-money at present is essentially the relationship between e-money, cash and deposit
at present, there are four types of popular electronic currency in China
1. Stored value card electronic currency. Generally, it appears in the form of magnetic card or IC card. Besides commercial banks, it is also issued by telecommunication departments (ordinary telephone card, IC telephone card), IC enterprises (network card), commercial retail enterprises (various consumption cards), government organs (internal consumption IC card) and schools (Campus IC card). After the issuer receives the customer's funds in advance, it issues the equivalent stored value card, which makes the stored value card a new "deposit account" independent of the bank deposit. At the same time, the stored value card in the customer consumption to dect the way to pay fees, which is equivalent to the deposit account payment currency. At present, the deposits in the stored value cards are not included in the central bank's reserve requirements. Therefore, the stored value cards can rece the demand for cash and current savings
2. Credit card applied electronic currency. It refers to the credit card or quasi credit card issued by commercial banks, credit card companies and other issuers. The loan can be consumed within the credit limit specified by the issuer, and then the repayment can be made at the specified time. The widespread use of credit cards can expand consumer credit and affect money supply
3. They are mainly debit cards, electronic checks, etc., which are used to withdraw cash, transfer settlement and transfer funds from bank deposits in an electronic way. The widespread use of this kind of electronic payment method can rece the cost of consumers to and from the bank, rece the balance of cash demand, and speed up the circulation of money
4. Cash analog electronic currency. There are mainly two kinds: one is e-cash which is based on the Internet environment and keeps the binary data representing the value of money in the hard disk of the computer terminal; One is the electronic wallet that keeps the monetary value in the IC card and can be circulated without the bank payment system. This kind of e-money has the characteristics of anonymity of cash, can be used for payment between indivials, and can change hands many times. It is developed for the purpose of replacing entity cash. The expanding use of this kind of electronic currency can affect the currency issuing mechanism, rece the seigniorage income of the central bank, and rece the scale of assets and liabilities of the central bank