The origin of Leyte coin

The minimum penalty for the crime of organizing and leading pyramid selling activities is criminal detention, and the maximum penalty is fixed-term imprisonment of more than five years. Generally, fixed-term imprisonment is not more than 20 years

Article 224-1 of the criminal law:

in the name of marketing goods, providing services and other business activities, organizations and leaders require participants to pay fees or purchase goods and services to obtain the qualification to join, and form a hierarchy according to a certain order, and directly or indirectly use the number of development personnel as the basis for remuneration or rebate, so as to lure and encourage the development of enterprises Those who force participants to continue to develop pyramid selling activities that others participate in, defraud property and disrupt economic and social order shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention and shall also be fined; If the circumstances are serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and shall also be fined

MLM originated in the United States in the late stage of World War II, took shape in Japan after World War II, and developed in China

however, in China's criminal law, pyramid selling (Chinese style pyramid selling) is a false company, a fictitious proct, and everything is empty. It just lets you pull your head and draw a small commission from the membership fee or franchise fee

or control personal freedom, confiscate property, so that you can't contact the outside world, learn those MLM training materials every day, so that you can learn how to cheat people, and then make a list, telephone or letter invitation, showdown, follow-up, until you pay the membership fee or franchise fee in various ways

Chinese MLM is built on the basis of mind control, that is to say, you can organize MLM spontaneously after brainwashing through their MLM training; Others will control your personal freedom, confiscate everything, and force you to accept these lies

The earliest currency in China was seashell. Seashells are often found in the prehistoric Yangshao culture, Longshan culture, Dawenkou Culture, Erlitou culture and tombs of Shang and Zhou dynasties

there is also a record of "xuanbei after the summer" in the wrong coin of Yantielun. Seashells are proced from the warm sea in the south of the distant exchange of goods, is a beautiful and precious decoration. It can be traced back to the Xia Dynasty, when China entered the class society and the state came into being. In Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty, it was the main currency in circulation

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extended data:

I. currency of the spring and Autumn Period

1. Dishonoured cloth: it circulates in Guanluo Sanjin area, and "Zhou, Zheng, Jin and Wei" are mainly flat and sharp dishonoured cloth

2. In the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, there were gold (round) and gold (oval) in imitation of Qilin horseshoe

It should be pointed out here that accompanying burial and burning are two concepts. The paper money may not have been used for burning at the beginning of its proction. Burial, throwing, hanging and other methods may have been earlier than burning. However, because the image of paper money turned into smoke when burning can make people imagine entering the underworld, burning immediately becomes the most commonly used way to deal with paper money. From this point of view, the upper limit of the time when the legend of the origin of paper money came into being can be traced back to the same era of paper money in theory - the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Ming coins have been unearthed in the sites of Buddhist countries such as Gaochang kingdom in the western regions
Chinese silk also spread to India. The earliest records are found in ancient Indian books. In Kautilya, an Indian statesman and philosopher, there is the word cinapatta in his book on political affairs, which means "China's bundle of silk". Cordillya is said to have been born in the fourth century B.C. and was a courtier of the yuekuang king of the Peacock Dynasty, which was founded in 321 B.C. and replaced by the Sunda Dynasty in 187 B.C. This shows that Chinese silk was imported into India at the latest in the fourth century BC. In addition, from many Sanskrit words, it can be seen that the ancient Indian people's understanding of silk was much more accurate than that of the Greeks and Romans, because they knew that silk was vomited by insects and drawn from cocoons (old n)
before silk was introced to India, the ancient Indian people only had cotton padded clothes, wool, deerskin and so on. There may have been wild silk in ancient India, but until the Tang Dynasty, silk was rarely used. The introction of Chinese silk added new clothing materials to the ancient Indian people. By the Song Dynasty, the Indians near the trade ports of the two countries could already wear silk clothes. Of course, ancient China imported not only silk, but also raw silk, which was dyed and woven into silk and silk by Indians. Brocade and silk. Indian silk is as thin as a cicada's wing, and it is extremely exquisite
in addition to silk, paper and papermaking were also introced into India by ancient China and had an important impact on Indian culture. In ancient India, writing materials were sometimes made of wood and bamboo, and more often of Yeh bark and shellfish leaves. The word "from birch bark" is often seen in Sanskrit classical works. It originally means writing materials. After Chinese paper was imported, people used this word to call paper, which shows the wide application of birch bark; Shell leaf is a kind of palm leaf, large and long, on which ancient Indians wrote and copied scriptures. In the past, it was generally believed that paper was brought to India in South Asia by Islamists in the 12th century, but the actual situation is not so. Since a large number of papers were introced into the western regions and Central Asia shortly after the reform of Cai Lun's papermaking technique, and the use of paper writing was not limited to the Han people, then ring the Eastern Han Dynasty to the southern and Northern Dynasties, the Indians, or the Central Asian peoples related to India, who frequently moved here because of the spread of Buddhism, would surely touch and use paper, because paper was far superior to the local traditional writing tools such as bark and leaves
according to Hong Xiqing's Du Shi dialectics, it is said that "when the Duke of Qi Dong was in danger of ghosts and gods, paper-cut was used as paper instead of binding silk, and his business was prosperous in Tang Dynasty.". It can be seen from the poem "cold food trip" written by Wang Jian in Tang Dynasty that "paper money can be burned without fire for three days, and the paper money will get the yellow spring". In the Qing Yi Lu written by Tao Gou of the Song Dynasty, it is said that on the Chai Rong burial day of Zhou Shizong, gold and silver were incinerated with symbolic shapes. The paper money was shaped like the mouth of a bowl and had seals on it. The yellow one was called "Quantai Shangbao" and the white one was called "Mingyou Yabao", indicating that the paper money had been proced in large quantities by engraving printing in the Five Dynasties. From the Wei and Jin Dynasties began to use paper money for funeral, to the Tang Dynasty, from the princes, down to the common people, the prevalence of burning paper money for funeral, "accumulate money for the mountain, add carving, carry a coffin,... Paper money began to have its thing since the Wei and Jin Dynasties" [3]. There is a poem: "paper money, paper money who made it, people can not use ghosts for fun.". A thread through the network hanging wasteland grave, pear wind from sad cold cloud "[1]. The change from burying money to burning money may have something to do with Buddhism. Scholars believe that with the introction of Buddhism, money burning became popular. Therefore, the origin of burning paper money should be influenced by Indian or central Asian customs. People in India or central Asia believe that fire can be used to deliver sacrifices to ghosts and gods. For example, the Brahmanic Fire God ajini has the ability to deliver goods. The change of religious belief and its corresponding ideology is the ideological premise of the emergence of paper money. The root of Ming coin, which was originally a proct of Chinese local culture, was rooted in the Chinese custom of sacrificing with real wealth. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the spread of Buddhism from India, Buddhist thoughts and social customs of ancient India were also introced into China. Buddhism advocates that "all things are empty" and that there is no private wealth. After the death of believers, their bodies will be burned in order to turn their souls into paradise. With the widespread popularity of Buddhism in China, to a certain extent, the traditional Chinese consciousness of sacrificing with real wealth has been weakened. The new concept of "incineration", which is full of Buddhist color and is said to play the role of changing from "the present world" to "the underworld", has been graally accepted by people, which is a change of Ming utensils, including Ming coins, It has played a great role in promoting. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, the most common metal or pottery objects in the past were greatly reced. Pottery houses, barns, chariots, stoves, figurines and livestock were replaced by paper men, paper horses, paper houses and other paper objects. On the one hand, the paper money derived from the hard money can meet people's psychological needs of sacrificing money in form, on the other hand, it can be transformed into money enjoyed in the world of hell in the eyes of relatives through sacred burning
the earliest known paper money objects were unearthed from the Tang Tomb of Astana in Xingu Turpan. In 1990 (cultural relic) Issue 9, the paper Ming coins found in Zhou's tomb in De'an, Jiangxi Province were published in detail. The paper Ming coins of Zhou's tomb are put in a unfolded butterfly spider shaped purse. The Ming coins are cut from yellow paper and have round square holes. Some of them are printed with the word "zhe". The word "zhe" sounds like "Wan", which is a symbol of good luck in Buddhism. This kind of money may be called "fanyin money" in the literature. It is said that "fanyin money" is a kind of currency commonly used in Buddhism
Buddhism has been popular in China since the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The theory of karma, reincarnation of life and death and hell brought by the eastward spread of Buddhism enable people to understand all kinds of the world on the other side and enrich their imagination of the world after death. Fu Jin Chun, a Buddhist, advocated that the soul should not be destroyed and karma should be rewarded. He used paper money to spend his time in mourning for the dead. Moreover, under the influence of Buddhism, there are a large number of works specially depicting the underworld and hell, such as Ghost Novels since the Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties. The emergence of such novels, together with the propaganda of a large number of storytellers and Buddhists, led to the belief in Buddhism and the existence of the world on the other side from the common people to the emperors and generals
"since the Wei and Jin Dynasties, e to the introction of Buddhism, the Buddhist burial custom has been widely spread among the people. In Buddhism, tea is used for cremation, so it is changed to burning paper money. " ④ "Qingming is cold food, also known as the no smoking Festival, which is the most important thing for the ancients. Today, people don't celebrate festivals, but children wear willows and sweep tombs. Besides the sacrificial offerings, the sweeper of the aristocratic family made a flag cover with five colors of paper money, which was on the left side of the tomb. At the end of the ceremony, the children and grandchildren were burned outside the door of the tomb, which is called "Buddha Duo". People are useless. "