Ethereum super
ring this period, the return comparison between holding spot and ETF fund is as follows:
1. Holding spot makes 4 times of profit
2. Holding Ethereum ETF fund makes 12 times of profit, Up to 30 times (intelligent position adjustment + fund compound interest calculation)
there is no doubt that the Ethereum ETF launched by bitoffer is the best investment choice!
(1) faster processing speed
first of all, as far as the underlying technology is concerned, EOS claims to be able to process tens of thousands or even millions of transactions per second. What kind of technology is used to achieve this
EOS uses graphene substrate tool to process high frequency data. Let's talk about the graphene underlay tool
graphene is actually a chemical substance. Later, blockchain developers got inspiration from the molecular structure of graphene, believing that the molecular structure of graphene can be applied to the underlying structure of blockchain. So, the graphene we are talking about now basically refers to the blockchain tool group, which is written in C + +
data show that: Based on graphene underlying technology, it can achieve an average confirmation speed of 1.5s, achieve 3300tps data throughput under limited conditions, and can reach millions of TPS, even millisecond level confirmation speed
(2) strong concurrency
in addition, EOS has strong concurrency, which is also related to the underlying architecture of graphene. Concurrency, in short, means that multiple programs can be executed at the same time
EOS is a blockchain infrastructure on which developers can build their own blockchain. Chain to chain does not affect the use of resources between each other
DAPP on EOS is independent of each other and does not affect each other. There will not be a large area of congestion e to the huge resources consumed by indivial application developers on the platform
(3) free
in addition, compared with Ethereum, the most important point of EOS is free. Free is very competitive. In the past, we had to pay fees through bank card transfer, but Alipay and WeChat appeared later. In the early stage, free transfers can be realized through applications such as Alipay and WeChat. It is believed that ring the free time, payment methods such as Alipay and WeChat were graally popularized and accepted by the public.
as we said before, Ethereum transactions need to pay gas, which means that you have to pay a certain Ethereum service charge for each transaction, but it does not need to consume EOS token to conct smart contract and transfer transactions on EOS
there are three main sources of EOS value: bandwidth and journal storage (disk), calculation and calculation backlog (CPU), and state memory (RAM). Resources are allocated according to the number of EOS held by the account, which can attract a larger number of users, so as to meet multiple business scenarios< (4) strong security
compared with Ethereum's smart contract, EOS increases security
we know that there is no legislature in the world of blockchain, so the underlying code is equivalent to the law in real life
however, when it comes to code, bugs cannot be avoided, especially for smart contracts. The harm of bugs is very great, and your digital assets will face great risks
although Ethereum has established various applications and code standards for smart contracts, they can not meet the business needs, and EOS stipulates that the task cannot be fully performed only by code
EOS believes that the source code protocol must be readable. Generally speaking, when a system error occurs, blockchain procers can distinguish what kind of bug the error is based on the readability information, and judge whether the community repair is correct through the readability information< Second, consensus mechanism of EOS: dpos
the consensus mechanism adopted by EOS is "dpos", which means "proof of entrusted rights and interests" in Chinese
Ethereum uses POS (proof of equity). In short, the more money you hold, the more rights you will have in Ethereum
then, EOS proposes dpos on the basis of Ethereum POS (proof of equity), that is, it adds a "Commission" before the proof of equity, to whom? Delegate to the supernode
in the setting of EOS, the super node of EOS should be selected from 100 standby nodes through voting by all users holding money, and finally 21 nodes with accounting rights will be selected
this is a bit similar to the "people's Congress system" in our country. A deputy to the people's Congress represents the interests of a group of people; A super node represents the interests of a group of ordinary nodes. In dpos, there is no need to solve the hash function, but the procer is elected by the holder. Therefore, compared with pow, the efficiency of dpos mechanism in dealing with transactions has been greatly improved
however, there are some defects in dpos. It needs to solve the problem of community voting enthusiasm and rece the number of nodes in order to speed up the voting process, thus aggravating the "centralization" problem
the above advantages enable EOS to rise rapidly, especially in China, the strength of EOS community is very huge
in fact, it's useless for most people to tell them how powerful EOS technology is and how much better it is compared with Ethereum and bitcoin, because it's more about how much dividend you can get from it
three what makes people say EOS is a bubble?
obviously, EOS gives people the hope to get a huge dividend. What hope
with the rapid rise of EOS, people can see the real hope of DAPP application in blockchain. People are eager to hoard enough EOS and get more chips before the large-scale outbreak of DAPP, and then wait for its price to rise tenfold, hundredfold, thousandfold...
however, the answers submitted by EOS are not so satisfactory. In terms of transaction speed, EOS can actually process thousands of transactions per second, which is far from the "million level" described in the publicity
although DAPP has really appeared, it is basically similar to "capital disk" projects or simple games with low operability and poor experience
some time ago, there was a rumor that BM, the founder, was suspected of "abandoning the ship" and running away
BM, speaking in the EOS telegraph group, said: it intends to break the original design, abandon the original consensus mechanism of EOS, and redesign a system that can perfectly solve the problems of centralization, privacy and capacity expansion. This new design will reach tens of millions of TPS...
it's hard to say the future direction of EOS, The reason why the killer DAPP didn't appear can't all be attributed to EOS, which involves the constraints of policy, development team and so on
however, compared with bitcoin and Ethereum, EOS has made some progress and innovation, so we say it is the representative of the blockchain 3.0 era.
first, smart contracts are so good that they are not useless
smart contracts. As the name suggests, smart contracts refer to contracts that can be executed automatically by computer code; Ethereum virtual machine is used to execute smart contract; Smart account is the carrier that smart contract can be executed. In other words, smart account, this "account" can be controlled by Ethereum virtual machine. According to what control, according to smart contract
there is no free lunch in the world. The smart contract function is so good that it's not useless. When you trade in Ethereum, you have to pay the miner's handling charge. So what's the handling charge you have to pay on Ethereum system, and what's the relationship between
gas and handling charge
2. What's the matter with Ethereum gas
Ethereum gas is similar to automobile fuel. It needs Ethereum gas to drive smart contract. Gas is an English word, Chinese meaning: gas, gasoline, this thing in daily life, is a consumable. Why does Ethereum proce fuel
what is the meaning of gas in Ethereum? In fact, Ethereum's gas is closely related to transaction costs. Ethereum transaction needs service charge. This gas is the calculation mode of service charge of Ethereum
in the setting of Ethereum, the transaction fee is similar to an encrypted fuel, namely gas, which can drive the movement of smart contracts. When Ethereum executes transactions on the blockchain, the fuel will be graally consumed according to the rules of the characteristics
from this point of view, gas is really the same as its original intention, like automobile fuel. If you want to start a car, you must need fuel
What is the difference between the transaction fees of Ethereum gas and bitcoin In essence, Ethereum is a virtual machine, which is decentralized and controlled by people all over the world, forming a "world-class computing network". When you send a token, execute a contract, transfer Ethereum, or do other things on the block, the computer needs to calculate when processing the transaction, which consumes network resources. In this way, you have to pay the "gas" to get the computer to work for you and the miners to process the transaction for yougenerally, the higher the gas price the sender is willing to pay, the greater the value the miners get from the transaction, and the more likely the miners are to choose the transaction. In this way, miners are free to choose to trade. In order to set the gas price for the sender as a reference, miners can directly put forward the lowest gas price they need to execute the transaction
How to calculate the gas consumption of Ethereumwhen Ethereum virtual machine processes transactions, Virtual Opportunities process one by one according to the operation instructions determined in the transaction, and each operation instruction has a specified gas consumption
Ethereum system stipulates two accounts: one is normal account and the other is smart account
for ordinary transfer transaction, that is to call "normal account", the required gas is fixed 21000
when calling "smart account", because the complexity of smart contract is different, the required gas is also different. The more resources (computation, memory, etc.) used to process transactions, the more gas will be needed. For example, an addition operation will consume 3gas. If more complex operations are performed, the more gas will be consumed
then you may ask a question: when a user's transaction involves a malicious smart contract, the contract is extremely complex, and the execution of the contract will consume unlimited fuel, what should we do? The solution of Ethereum system is: in order to avoid unlimited gas consumption caused by malicious
smart contract, the user needs to set the maximum allowable fuel consumption when sending the transaction, namely
gaslimit. In this way, even if there is a malicious smart contract, the worst case is only within the fuel consumption range specified by gaslimit
What is the relationship between Ethereum gas and transaction feeson Ethereum, the service charge you pay is equal to gasprice times gasused
you can understand gasprice as the unit price of fuel and gasused as how many liters of fuel the car needs
for a car, if you say 20 yuan per liter of gasoline, 10000 liters of gasoline is 200000 yuan. For Ethereum, each
gas is 20 gigabytes (gigabytes is the unit of quantity of Ethereum currency), and 10000 gas is: 20 times 10000 equals 200000 gigabytes, 20000 gigabytes equals 0.0002 Ethereum, that is to say, the transaction procere is 0.0002 Ethereum
the specific exchange value is shown in the following table:
for specific exchange rate query, you can check the following website:
for details https://jin10086.github.io/etherconVerter/
both gas price and ether price are freely regulated by the market, but they are different in that the price of ether fluctuates according to the market situation, while the price of gas is determined by miners, If the price of fuel falls below the miners' minimum requirements, the miners refuse to process the deal. The separation of gas and Ethereum can protect the system from the possible fluctuation with the rapid change of Ethereum price
generally speaking, most miners will choose to give priority to their interests. When dealing with the transaction, they will arrange according to the gas price from high to low, and give priority to those with high gas price. If you are in a hurry to trade, you need to raise the gas price so that the miners can see you earlier; If you are not in a hurry, you just need to set a gas price, which is above the bottom line of gas price set by miners
How is gas obtainedin fact, gas is the ether coin purchased from the miner. The ether coin in the user's own account can purchase gas from the miner, and the Ethereum client will automatically purchase gas with Ethereum according to the specified maximum transaction expenditure limit
Where did gas go in the endfor each transaction, the initiator of the transaction must set the gas limit and gas price. Different operations will proce different gas costs. When the gas is used up, the miner will stop executing, and the gas used will be used as a reward to the miner. This will involve several situations:
the first situation is that if there is a surplus gas, the miner will stop executing, Then the remaining gas will be returned to the transaction initiator or the creator of the smart contract. For example, if I send an Ethereum to Yiyi, the gas limit I set is 50000, and the gas normally consumed is 21000, then the remaining 29000 that has not been consumed will be returned to me
in the second case, if the gas limit I set is too low, or the Ethereum in my account is not enough to pay for my gas consumption, then the transaction will be cancelled e to insufficient gas, and the gas used for calculation will not be returned to my account
in the third case, if the transaction fails, I have to pay the handling charge for the occupied computing resources
How to set a reasonable gas pricebefore each transaction, you can query this website to confirm the gas price to be set: https://ethGasstation.info/ To sum up, in this article, we mainly introce the gas and service charge of Ethereum: gas is equivalent to fuel oil. When you process transactions on Ethereum virtual machine, you will consume computing resources, that is, gas. On Ethereum, the service charge you pay is equal to gasprice multiplied by gasused, that is, the unit price of gas multiplied by the total amount of gas consumed. The complexity of the operation is different, and the cost of gas is also different. When the gas is used up, the miner will stop executing, and the gas used will be used as a reward to the miner. The miner will give priority to the trader with higher gas price
there is no central server in Ethereum. Instead, there are many equal nodes connected by P2P protocol, which store all the data in many nodes. When a user initiates a transaction, the transaction will be broadcast out through P2P protocol. The miner node verifies, packages and further broadcasts the transaction to the whole network. After confirmation in the blockchain, the operation is considered to be unchangeable
in the articles on blockchain on the Internet, the two words distributed and decentralized are mentioned, sometimes slightly different, sometimes mixed. The author thinks that if we want to distinguish accurately, the distributed system emphasizes that multiple components work together by sending messages, and the decentralized system emphasizes that there is no central node to control the operation of the whole system. Therefore, we think that Ethereum is both decentralized and distributed, or running a decentralized program on a distributed platform.
2. The circulation of next year will decrease 10 times. In theory, X2
3. The current price of eth is 260x4 = US $1040 (upgrade + expected price after proction rection)
ring this period, the return comparison between holding spot and ETF fund is as follows:
1. Holding spot makes 4 times of profit
2. Holding Ethereum ETF fund starts with 12 times of profit, Up to more than 30 times (intelligent position adjustment + fund compound interest calculation)
there is no doubt that the Ethereum ETF launched by bitoffer is the best investment choice!
the content of the unified recruitment examination of the people's Bank of China, the examination for economic and financial posts: business test + economic and financial, and the examination for other posts: business test + application. The salary is generally slightly higher than that of local civil servants
the following is the announcement of unified recruitment of the people's Bank of China in previous years. You can refer to the conditions for application.
the people's Bank of China organizes and implements the recruitment (Recruitment) of personnel of branches and directly affiliated units in 2020 in accordance with the principle of "openness, equality, competition and selection". The relevant matters are hereby announced as follows:
1. Recruitment (Recruitment) unit, target, specialty and application conditions
(1) recruitment (Recruitment) unit
Shanghai headquarters of the people's Bank of China, all branches, business management departments, provincial capital (capital) City Central sub branches, sub provincial city central sub branches, branch business management departments, prefecture (prefecture) City Central sub branches The county (city) sub branch is the employing unit for the recruitment of the branch personnel
the units directly under the people's Bank of China are enterprises and institutions that participate in, support or guarantee the people's Bank of China to perform the functions of the central bank. People's Bank of China organ service center, people's Bank of China Party school, people's Bank of China Financial Research Institute, financial times, people's Bank of China credit reference center, people's Bank of China Clearing Center, China Coin Museum, China Financial Training Center, people's Bank of China digital currency Research Institute, people's Bank of China Financial Information Center The financial basic data center of the people's Bank of China, Zhengzhou Training Institute of the people's Bank of China, China Banknote Printing and Minting Corporation, China Gold Coin Corporation, China Financial Electronic Corporation and China Financial Publishing House are the employers recruited by the staff of the directly affiliated units
the above units are collectively referred to as recruitment units in this recruitment< (2) recruitment objects
full time college graates (hereinafter referred to as "fresh graates") who are included in the national unified enrollment plan, social in-service personnel (hereinafter referred to as "social in-service personnel") who have work experience in commercial financial institutions, economic departments and related majors, and returned students
returned students who have obtained a foreign degree after January 1, 2018 and have not assigned a work unit can apply as fresh graates< (3) recruitment (Recruitment) majors and job requirements
the recruitment majors of branch personnel mainly include: economy and finance, accounting, law, computer, statistics, management (focusing on public management, administrative management, human resource management related majors) and English. Some branches recruit a small number of science and engineering graates (excluding computer major, the same below) and security, Chinese, small language professionals. Specific majors and positions shall be listed in the recruitment and recruitment profile of PBC branches in 2020. XLS
for the recruitment majors and position requirements of the staff of the units directly under the PBC, please refer to the information sheet of open recruitment position requirements of the units directly under the PBC in 2020.xls< (4) registration requirements
1. Nationality of the people's Republic of China
2. Support the constitution of the people's Republic of China
3
4. Aged between 18 and 35 (born from October 11, 1983 to October 11, 2001)
5
6. Full time colleges and universities with bachelor's degree or above and bachelor's degree or above that are included in the national unified enrollment plan (some branches in arous and remote areas are relaxed to college degree), with professional counterparts, At the same time, they should also have the qualifications required for applying for the positions in the "people's Bank of China branch recruitment in 2020" and "people's Bank of China directly under the units of 2020 open recruitment job demand information table"
7. The academic qualifications of returned students should be certified by the relevant departments of the Ministry of ecation, and have the certificate of returned students issued by our embassies and consulates abroad
personnel who have been subject to criminal punishment for crimes, personnel who have been expelled from government organs and institutions, military personnel in active service, non fresh graates studying, personnel who have been dismissed by the people's Bank of China, and personnel who are not suitable for employment for other reasons are not allowed to apply for the examination
branches and directly affiliated units of the people's Bank of China conct qualification examination and selection based on job requirements and after comprehensive consideration of candidates' personal information, academic degree, professional situation and work experience< (1) to inquire about the job demand information of the recruitment (Recruitment) units
candidates should carefully inquire about the registration conditions and job demand of the branches and directly affiliated units, and be sure to register according to the job demand
(2) online registration and printing of admission card
online registration is adopted for this enrollment, and there is no on-site registration. Candidates can register through the following website (officially opened at 10:00 a.m. on October 11):
http://zhaopin.pbc.gov.cn
candidates can query the results of qualification examination, download and print the admission certificate and application recommendation form, and query the relevant recruitment information through the above websites
1. Online registration
(1) log in to the online registration system to register candidates. Name of ID number, password, name and ID card must be filled in when registering for registration. Please ensure that the name, ID number and other information are accurate and correct, and remember the registered user name and password.
candidates can log in to the registration system through their registered user name and password to register online, print the admission card and registration recommendation form, and query the written examination and interview results
(2) submit personal information: candidates fill in their personal information, upload photos and choose their positions when they register online
the photos uploaded by candidates should be their recent bareheaded front color electronic photos in JPG format, with a width of about 200 pixels, a height of about 260 pixels, a resolution of about 350 DPI, a file size of no more than 100k, and a clear and recognizable photo. Those who upload photos that do not meet the requirements or upload irrelevant photos shall be deemed to have given up the examination qualification automatically
(3) registration time: 10:00, October 11, 2019 to 22:00, October 20, 2019
(4) query of qualification examination results: October 12, 2019 to October 21, 2019
(5) for those who have passed the qualification examination, please log in to the system again to confirm whether to take the written examination. Written examination confirmation time: 8:00, October 22, 2019 to 23:00, October 24, 2019. Candidates who have passed the qualification examination must confirm whether they will take the written examination within the prescribed time. Those who fail to confirm in time shall be deemed to have given up the examination qualification
2. Printing time: November 2, 2019 10:00-november 9, 2019 9:15
those who have confirmed to participate in the written examination must log in to the online registration system at the above time, download and print the admission card. Those who have not printed the admission card after the expiration of the time limit will be deemed to have given up the examination qualification
(3) notes for registration
1. Candidates can only choose one position from the branches and directly affiliated units of the people's Bank of China
2. Candidates can only apply with the highest full-time ecation, and should also have the degree corresponding to the highest full-time ecation
3. Candidates must fill in their personal information truthfully and completely, the name of the graated institution must be consistent with the full name of the institution on the graation certificate, and social employees must fill in their work experience truthfully and in detail
4. The application recommendation form for 2020 recruitment (Recruitment) of people's Bank of China branches and units directly under the people's Bank of China (filled in by fresh graates and submitted ring interview) can be downloaded and printed from the above website
5. In order to facilitate candidates and rece the cost of registration, a total of 35 test centers are set up in the municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capitals, Dalian, Qing, Xiamen and Shenzhen. Candidates can choose the place of written test according to the actual situation when they register. The place of written test can be different from the place where the applicant is located, before 24:00 on October 21, Candidates can modify the location of the written examination
6. Candidates who have confirmed to take the written examination should print their admission cards at the specified time and take the written examination as required. If the candidates who have been confirmed to take the examination are unable to take the written examination e to force majeure, please contact the branch of the people's Bank of China in the place where the examination center is located within 7 days after the end of the examination to explain the reasons for their absence and provide relevant supporting materials. The people's Bank of China will also announce the name list of those who are absent for no reason in an appropriate way
7. Candidates can only use their second generation ID card to register, and ensure that the ID card is within the validity period ring the examination, and the registration must be consistent with the ID card used ring the examination
8. Without review, candidates can change their online registration profile and position. After passing the qualification examination, the submitted personal data and registration information will not be changed. If they fail to pass the qualification examination, they may apply for other positions
9. No fee will be charged for this recruitment
candidates should be responsible for the authenticity, accuracy and completeness of the information and materials submitted online. Those who fail to fill in the form as required, or do not conform to the actual situation, or cheat, will be disqualified from examination or employment (employment) once verified< 3. Examination and employment
examination includes written examination and interview
(1) written examination
there is no book for review in this examination. Candidates for economic and financial professional positions shall take administrative professional ability test and economic and financial professional knowledge test, while candidates for other professional positions (including multi professional mixed positions in open recruitment positions of directly affiliated units) shall take administrative professional ability test and application test. Examination time: 9:30-12:00 a.m. on November 9, 2019, in which 9:30-10:30 is the administrative professional ability test and 10:30-12:00 is the economic and financial professional knowledge (or application) test
candidates should take the written examination according to the time, place and examination room indicated on the admission card. When taking part in the examination, the candidates must carry the admission card and ID card at the same time. Those with incomplete certificates are not allowed to enter the examination room to take part in the examination
candidates can query their written test scores through the online registration system. Please pay attention to the notice of online registration system for specific query time< (2) after the interview, the people's Bank of China will determine the list of interviewers according to a certain proportion of the number of candidates to be employed according to the written examination results of candidates. The interview shall be organized and implemented by all branches and units directly under the people's Bank of China, and the candidates shall be informed of the interview matters by telephone, SMS or e-mail. When filling in the contact information, the candidates shall ensure that the recruitment unit can contact them in time
according to the needs of work, some recruitment units may increase interviews or other tests, and the specific test form and time will be notified by the recruitment unit
ring the interview, you should provide your ID card and the application recommendation form sealed by your school (for fresh graates, please download it from the registration website). At the same time, you should also bring other relevant supporting materials required by the recruitment unit, such as lack of certificates or relevant information