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Confirmation time of Ethereum block

Publish: 2021-05-02 13:01:32
1.

a brief history of etheric Classics (etc)

etheric classics began with an unfortunate event

in May 2016, the decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) held a token sale with the goal of establishing a blockchain based venture capital to fund future decentralized applications (dapps) in the Ethereum ecosystem

basically, Dao is a complex smart contract that operates in a decentralized way - computer code that automatically performs tasks between multiple parties when conditions are met

despite its ambitious goals and successful token sales, Dao's code has a major vulnerability that allows attackers to steal eth from decentralized organizations

the attacker took advantage of this vulnerability in June 2016, triggering the infamous Dao hacking event, and maliciously stole eth worth about US $50 million

there is no doubt that Dao hacking has shocked Ethereum community and made eth price drop from $20 to $13

after the Dao hacking, the Ethereum community has to choose from three options

< UL >
  • do nothing and try to bear the consequences of the attack

  • start soft bifurcation to recover funds

  • deploy a hard fork to recover the lost eth

  • both soft and hard bifurcations are significant network upgrades. However, soft fork allows users who are not upgraded to communicate with upgraded users, while hard fork is not backward compatible with previous versions

    as developers realize that deploying soft forks will expose the network to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, Ethereum community decides to initiate hard forks to recover the funds lost in Dao hacking attacks

    although this scheme is supported by most people, a small number of people in Ethereum community oppose it. They think that "code is the law" and blockchain network should be unchangeable

    the failure of both sides to reach an agreement on the solution eventually led to the fragmentation of Ethereum blockchain

    those who tried to recover the lost eth chose the hard fork and opened the Ethereum (ETH) blockchain as we know it today, while another group stayed on the original Ethereum classic (etc) chain

    what problems does ethereal classic solve

    Ethernet classic (etc) is a blockchain platform that allows developers to deploy smart contracts and dapps

    although this function is the same as Ethereum (ETH), etc blockchain has two main differences

    first of all, Ethereum classic community opposes tampering with distributed ledger and supports the view that "blockchain network cannot and should not be modified"

    secondly, although there is no rigid upper limit on the total supply of eth, it is allowed to create 230 million etc at most by adopting the monetary policy of constant supply

    as a bonus item, ethereal classic launched Atlantis hard bifurcation last year to increase the interaction with Ethereum and improve the privacy protection of transactions through ZK snarks

    the trading platforms recommended by ethereal classic etc are: Fire coin, okex, AAX, etc

    2. There are two possibilities. One is that the platform didn't give you a coin, so you need to consult customer service. The second kind of wallet problem has not been reflected by you. I mentioned this situation on ZB platform before. The customer service of the platform said there was a problem with the wallet, and then returned it to me. The original account was pulled.
    3. Ethereum blockchain has exposed three major problems, and its founder vitalik buterin has been unable to interpret them for a long time. The first is the low performance and TPS of Ethereum blockchain as a whole; The second is that resources are not isolated. The event of cryptokitties virtual cat once occupied 20% of the traffic of the whole Ethereum, which directly caused Ethereum network users unable to carry out timely transactions, which is the biggest pain point of resources not isolated; The third problem lies in the embodiment of Ethereum's governance structure. As a decentralized distributed ledger, the founder team of Ethereum has dominated its network development in the past. The over centralized governance mode has led to the bifurcation of eth, etc and ETF in Ethereum, and the Ethereum community is now in a state of fragmented governance. In the view of Ma Haobo, founder and CEO of "aelf", all kinds of disadvantages of Ethereum are unacceptable. Therefore, the positioning of "aelf" is born for the next generation of decentralized underlying computing platform of Ethereum, which focuses on solving the problems of insufficient performance, non isolation of resources and governance structure of Ethereum.
    4.

    Ethereum is the next generation of cryptography ledger. It intends to support many advanced functions, including user issuing currency, intelligent protocol, decentralized transaction and what we think is the first fully decentralized autonomous organization (Daos) or decentralized autonomous company (DACS) application

    Ethereum does not specifically support every single type of function as a feature. On the contrary, Ethereum includes a built-in Turing complete scripting language, which allows you to write code for the feature you want to implement through a mechanism called "contract". A contract is like an automatic agent. Every time a transaction is received, the contract will run a specific code, which can modify the data storage inside the contract or send the transaction. Advanced contracts can even modify their own code

    Ethereum was launched on November 1, 2015, and launched on August 22, 2016 on bitcoin trading platform, a well-known domestic trading platform; 30-¥ About 60, current: ¥ 1259.97, the rise is amazing

    5.

    Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function. It provides decentralized virtual machine (Ethereum virtual machine) to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency ether (also known as "Ethereum")

    The token on the

    blockchain is called ether, and the code is eth. It can be traded in many foreign exchange markets of cryptocurrency, and it is also the medium used to pay transaction fees and computing services on Ethereum

    the concept of Ethereum was first proposed by vitalik buterin, a programmer, from 2013 to 2014, inspired by bitcoin, with the general meaning of "next generation cryptocurrency and decentralized application platform", and began to develop through ICO crowdfunding in 2014. As of February 2018, Ethernet is the second highest cryptocurrency in market value, second only to bitcoin

    extended data:

    Ethereum platform has no characteristics and value. Like programming languages, it's up to entrepreneurs and developers to decide what to use. However, it is clear that some application types benefit more from the functions of Ethereum than others. Ethereum is especially suitable for those applications that automatically interact directly between points or promote group coordination activities across networks

    for example, coordinate the application of point-to-point market, or the automation of complex financial contracts. Bitcoin enables indivials to exchange money without the help of financial institutions, banks or governments. The impact of Ethereum may be more profound

    in theory, any complex financial activities or transactions can be automatically and reliably carried out on Ethereum with coding. In addition to financial applications, any application scenario with high requirements for trust, security and persistence, such as asset registration, voting, management and Internet of things, will be affected by Ethereum platform on a large scale

    6.

    If you want to query the transaction records on the main network, you can use Etherscan. However, if you build your own private chain, how should you query the transaction records

    the answer is that you need to listen to the logs on the chain, save them in the database, and then query them in the database. For example:

    < pre t = "code" L = "Java" > varaddr = & quot& quot;< br />varfilter=web3.eth.filter({fromB lock:0 ,toBlock:' latest', address:addr });< br />filter.get(function(err,transactions){
    transactions.forEach(function(tx){
    vartxInfo=web3.eth.getTransaction(tx.transactionHash);
    / / at this time, the transaction information txinfo can be stored in the database
    })< br />});

    Web3. Eth. Filter() is used to monitor the log on the chain, and Web3. Eth. Gettransaction() is used to extract the information of the specified transaction. Once the transaction information is obtained, it can be stored in the database for query

    recommend a practical introction, you can see: Ethereum tutorial

    7. Just focus:
    you can't retrieve your assets through Ethereum block query
    think too much
    if you want to check the real estate,

    you can go to the real estate transaction registration center.
    8. Ethereum browser's website is etherscan.io, you can query Ethereum related details. At present, the exchanges that can trade Ethereum mainly include: coin an, fire coin, bitnet, etc.
    9.

    The

    Ethereum mining

    Berlin hard fork will mark the end of the metropolitan era. This is a key stage in Ethereum's history, which is divided into two stages (Byzantine and Constantinople), including several branches, including Atlantis, Istanbul, and finally reached its peak in Berlin

    10. < blockquote >

    in today's mobile payment era, few people will use coins for payment . A lot of people, they think that mobile payment is more convenient, if you carry RMB, it will be very troublesome, so now less and less people use paper money to pay. In fact, the process of making paper money is also very complicated. The materials used to make coins are different metals. Compared with those rare metals, low-cost metals are more suitable for making coins

    < / blockquote >

    and those rare metals, such as gold or silver, are suitable for making commemorative coins with collection value . In many countries, some of their currencies are made of alloy, because it is a very ideal material for coinage, and the hardness is improved by mixing with other metals. At the beginning of making coins, we should choose the materials and put the selected metals in the furnace for casting and melting. After many times of rolling in the rolling workshop, the thickness of the coin can meet the requirements of coins, and it can be made into semi-finished procts for further processing{ RRRRR}

    with the progress of science and technology, now many mold making machines have become engraving machines for casting to replace the previous manual process . It can improve the accuracy to a certain extent. It used to take a whole day to manufacture, but now it can complete the remanufacturing of the mold within a few hours. After that, it can be pressed on the coin, and the coin will become the currency in circulation

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