Ethereum Client Architecture
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forsage international crowdfunding, the revolutionary smart contract technology of the new generation platform, originated from the development of Russian technical team, provides distributed market participants with the ability to directly engage in personal and commercial transactions. The smart contract of forsage distributed global shared matrix project is open and can always be viewed on the Ethereum blockchain. These are real smart contracts, which will be implemented on the Ethereum public chain forever without any third party tampering. The global shared matrix project is completely decentralized, aiming to preach Ethereum, so that more players can know Ethereum, smart contracts and forsage code btshijie
what is Ethereum
Ethereum is often compared with bitcoin, but the situation is different. Bitcoin is a kind of cryptocurrency and distributed payment network, which allows bitcoin to be transferred between users
the Ethereum project has a bigger goal. As Ethereum said, "Ethereum is a distributed platform running smart contracts.". These smart contracts run on "Ethereum virtual machine", a distributed computing network composed of all devices running Ethernet nodes
"distributed platform" means that anyone can set up and run an Ethereum node just as anyone can run a bitcoin node. Anyone who wants to run "smart contracts" on nodes must pay the operators of these nodes in ether, which is a cryptocurrency related to Ethereum. Therefore, the person running the Ethernet node provides computing power and gets paid in the Ethernet, which is similar to the way that the person running the bitcoin node provides hash power and pays in bitcoin
in other words, although bitcoin is only a blockchain and payment network, Ethereum is a distributed computing network, and its blockchain can be used for many other things. Details are provided in the Ethereum white paper
what is smart contract
smart contracts are applications that run on Ethereum virtual machines. This is a distributed "world computer" with computing power provided by all Ethereum nodes. Any node providing computing power will pay in ether digital currency as a resource
they are named smart contracts because you can write "contracts" that execute automatically when you meet the requirements
for example, imagine building a KickStarter like crowdfunding service on Ethereum. Someone can set up an Ethereum smart contract to pool funds to others. The smart contract can be written as follows: when $100000 of currency is added to the pool, it will be sent to the recipient. Or, if the $100000 threshold is not reached within a month, all currencies will be returned to the original holder of the currency. Of course, this would use ether instead of dollars
all this will be done according to the smart contract code, which can automatically execute the transaction without the need for a trusted third party to hold the currency and sign the transaction. For example, KickStarter charges 5% above the 5% payment processing fee, which means it will charge $8000 to $10000 for a $100000 crowdfunding project. Smart contracts don't have to pay a fee to a third party like KickStarter
smart contracts can be used for many different things. Developers can create smart contracts to provide functions for other smart contracts, similar to the way software libraries work. Alternatively, smart contracts can simply be used as applications to store information on the Ethereum blockchain
in order to really execute the smart contract code, someone has to send enough Ethernet tokens as the transaction fee - how much depends on the required computing resources. This costs the Ethereum nodes to participate and provide computing power. The global shared matrix project, which is completely decentralized, aims to preach Ethereum and let more players know Ethereum, smart contracts and forsage code btshijie
Ethereum is an implementation of blockchain. In Ethereum network, many nodes are connected with each other to form Ethereum network:
Ethereum node software provides two core functions: data storage and contract code execution
in each Ethereum node, complete blockchain data is stored. Ethereum not only saves the transaction data on the chain, but also saves the compiled contract code on the chain
At the same time, a virtual machine is provided to execute the contract code Ethereum virtual machine
Ethereum blockchain not only stores data and code, but also contains a virtual machine (EVM) in each node to execute contract code - it sounds like a computer operating system
in fact, this is the core difference between Ethereum and bitcoin: the existence of virtual machine has brought blockchain into the era of 2.0 and made blockchain a friendly platform for application developers for the first time
the above content comes from the introction course of Ethereum DAPP development
there is no central server in Ethereum. Instead, there are many equal nodes connected by P2P protocol, which store all the data in many nodes. When a user initiates a transaction, the transaction will be broadcast out through P2P protocol. The miner node verifies, packages and further broadcasts the transaction to the whole network. After confirmation in the blockchain, the operation is considered to be unchangeable
in the articles on blockchain on the Internet, the two words distributed and decentralized are mentioned, sometimes slightly different, sometimes mixed. The author thinks that if we want to distinguish accurately, the distributed system emphasizes that multiple components work together by sending messages, and the decentralized system emphasizes that there is no central node to control the operation of the whole system. Therefore, we think that Ethereum is both decentralized and distributed, or running a decentralized program on a distributed platform.
built in smart contract compilation, linking, deployment and binary file management
automatic contract testing under rapid development
scripted and extensible deployment and publishing framework
the network environment management function deployed to no matter how many public or private networks
uses the package management provided by ethpm & NPM and erc190 standard
a direct interactive console that communicates directly with the contract (after writing the contract, you can verify it on the command line)
the configurable construction process supports tight integration
external scripts can be executed in truffle environment< Truffle is the most popular development framework, whose mission is to make development easier
installation method:
$NPM install - G truffle
environment requirements
nodejs 5.0 +
windows, Linux, or Mac OS X
truffle needs Ethereum client and supports standard JSON RPC API. For development, some are more suitable, which will be introced in the following chapters (for example, testrpc provides real-time feedback ring coding and debugging)
suggestions for Windows users
if you are a Windows user, we recommend that you use PowerShell or git bash to install and use the truffle framework. These two shell environments provide more convenient features than the default
if you have to use the command line, see the discussion here on how to configure truffle.