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This group of minerals includes wolframite and wolframite, as well as wolframite, the intermediate member of the complete isomorphic series. The series containing more than 80% mnwo < sub > 4 < / sub > molecules is called huebnerite, and the series containing more than 80% fewo < sub > 4 < / sub > molecules is called FERBERITE, and the one between them is generally called wolframite
Wolframite - (Fe, Mn) Wo < sub > 4 < / sub >monoclinic system; Symmetrical type 2 / m. Space group P2 / C; a0=0.481nm,b0=0.573nm,c0=0.497nm， β＝ ninety ° 49′ Z=2
composition and structure: MnO 4.7% ～ 18.7%, FeO 4.8% ～ 18.9%, wo < sub > 3 < / sub > 76.58%. It usually contains mg, CA, Nb, Ta, Sn, Zn, etc. The crystal structure is a chain structure parallel to the c-axis. Mn (FE) - O < sub > 6 < / sub > coordination octahedron showed a chain like zigzag arrangement along the c-axis; W-O < sub > 6 < / sub > octahedral coplanar junctions are also parallel to the c-axis, and are located between the Mn (FE) - O < sub > 6 < / sub > octahedral chains, which are connected with them by their four corners
The shape ofis usually {100} plate or short column extending along the c axis (Fig. 10-23)[ 001] the crystal plane in the crystal belt often has the crystal plane stripe parallel to the c-axis. The twinning is usually in contact with (100) or (023). The aggregates are plate, blade or coarse granular
physical properties: brown black to iron black, streaks Brown (all deepened with the increase of Fe content); Semi metallic luster. The hardness is 4-4.5; Cleavage parallel {010} complete. The density was 7.12-7.5g/cm < sup > 3 < / sup > (increased with the increase of Fe content). It has weak magnetism
According to Berry et al., 1983)genesis and occurrence of wolframite are mainly formed in gasification high temperature hydrothermal process, especially in high temperature hydrothermal quartz vein and greisen granite, It is genetically related to granite. It is often associated with cassiterite, molybdenite, arsenopyrite, topaz, fluorite, tourmaline and beryl, and also occurs in placer. The content of Fe and Mn in wolframite is typomorphic. Generally speaking, when wolframite crystallizes at high temperature, its iron content is on the high side. With the decrease of temperature, the iron content decreases, while the manganese content increases. This phenomenon also exists in wolframite single crystal, which is more iron rich inside than outside. China is extremely rich in tungsten resources, and its reserves and mining scale rank first in the world. It has always been known as the "Kingdom of tungsten" in the world. Southern Jiangxi, eastern Hunan and northern Guangdong are world famous wolframite deposits
it is mainly used as raw material for tungsten extraction. See scheelite for other uses
Located in the south slope of Huoshi mountain in the northeast of buhuge, naoankou, yingmaotuo, and adjacent to the Gobi desert in the south, it is a new ore spot discovered by 1:50000 tungsten geochemical exploration. After 1:10000 geological quality survey, trenching engineering exposure control and more systematic surface sampling, seven ore bodies have been delineated and thousands of tons of 334 < sub > 1 < / sub > tungsten resources have been submitted. According to the distribution of mineralized bodies, the deep and peripheral areas of the mineralized bodies still have great space for expansion, which is a favorable mineral resource area and prospecting area
(1) geology of the mining area: geologically, the mining area is located in the triangle between the north side of the deep fault on the south edge of the huoshishan tectonic melange in the early Paleozoic huoshishan Niuquanzi rift zone and the intersection of the near east-west fault. The exposed strata are mainly middle upper Silurian Gongpoquan group, and some are Jixian system pingtoushan formation, lower Permian Zhesi formation and quaternary system The pingtoushan formation of Jixian system is intermittently exposed in the south side of huoshishan fault zone, and it is light gray medium thin dolomitic crystal with siliceous bands occasionally, inclined to northeast and dip angle of 50 °～ seventy ° It contacts with the Gongpoquan fault of middle upper Silurian in the north and is covered by Quaternary in the south The Gongpoquan formation of middle upper Silurian can be divided into upper and lower lithologic sections regionally. Only the upper lithologic section is exposed in the mining area, and the lithology can be divided into sandstone, hornblende and volcanic rock. The sandstone section is distributed in the north central part of the mining area, which is composed of gray green schistosity tuffaceous sandstone, sericite quartz schist, greywacke with gravel coarse sandstone, banded felsic sandstone and calcareous siltstone, sand bearing marlstone interbedding; The amphibolite section is sandwiched in the sandstone section and mainly occurs along the structural mylonitization zone on the north side of the huoshishan fault; It is 100-300m away from the south big fault of huoshishan in the south, mainly composed of gray white light gray green banded felsic Calc siliceous hornfelsic, and locally composed of garnet Yangqi diopside skarn assemblage, with an outcrop length of 1300m. The east end of Xinghai tungsten deposit is not closed and its width is 100-300m. It has a graal transition relationship with sandstone and volcanic rocks; The volcanic section, distributed in the southeast of the mining area, is composed of grayish green metatuffaceous sandstone, tuff, andesite, andesite basalt intercalated with beige thin marble and diorite altered ultrabasic rock lens. There are also grayish white calcareous siliceous hornitic fading alteration zone and scheelite mineralization, but the scale is small and the mineralization is weak The Zhesi formation of Lower Permian is sporadically exposed in the west of the mining area and covered by Quaternary System in the south. The lithology is gray white medium coarse-grained feldspar quartz sandstone intercalated with light gray thin argillaceous sandy limestone, showing unconformity contact with the underlying pingtoushan formation of Jixian system and Gongpoquan member of middle upper Silurian system Most of the exposed strata in the mining area are monoclinic tectonic slices inclined to NE, with strong shear deformation of internal wrinkling structure and well-developed dynamic metamorphic secretory quartz veins. The fault structures are mainly NW trending brittle ctile faults, which are large-scale schistosity zone, mylonitization zone, felsic Calc siliceous hornfelsic alteration zone, ctile fracture zone and ctile fracture zone related to scheelite mineralization Quartz vein, large-scale granodiorite and diorite are the controlling structures, while only some small granodiorite and granite dikes are found in the secondary nearly EW and nee trending faults, forming a pinnate configuration relationship with NWW trending dikes (Fig. 1-3-14)
Fig. 1-3-14 geological and mineral sketch of Xinghai tungsten deposit
1-quaternary system; 2-grayish white feldspar quartz sandstone intercalated with medium thin argillaceous sandy limestone; 3 - grayish green strongly cleaved metatuffaceous sandstone intercalated with intermediate acid lava and tuff; 4-metatuffaceous sandstone intercalated with thin marble; 5-cyan gray medium thin bedded dolomitic crystalline limestone; 6-gray-white-gray-green mylonitized banded hornfels; 7 granite; 8-granodiorite; 9-granodiorite porphyry; 10 - diorite; L1 - quartz vein; 12 - tungsten ore body and its number; 13 - probe trench and number constructed; 14 - the vein rocks of granite, granodiorite and diorite sequence in fault
mining area are developed in hornfel alteration zone and nearby area. According to the lithologic association and the characteristics of thermal contact metamorphism and alteration, it seems that there is an evolutionary relationship from grayish white medium grained granite to light grayish green medium fine grained granodiorite to grayish green medium fine grained diorite and grayish white granodiorite porphyry, which is the source and main thermal dynamic condition of rock hornification, skarnization and scheelite mineralization. In addition, it is also another type of scheelite mineralization in the area
The wall rock metamorphism and alteration in the mining area are characterized by dynamic metamorphism and thermal contact metasomatism. The former is characterized by schistosity, mylonitization and mineral fragmentation, directional arrangement and partial recrystallization, while the latter is characterized by hornification and skarnization of rocks, metamorphism of greisen, Calc siliceous, marble and skarn, and alteration minerals mainly include biotite, actinolite, diopside, tremolite, garnet, zoisite, wollastonite, calcite, etc Dolomite, etc (2) geophysical and geochemical characteristics the mining area is located in the part of low and moderate positive magnetic anomaly in the zero value area of yingmaotuo high-low variation magnetic field area, which is the physical property reflection of middle upper Silurian volcanic sedimentary formation and part of ultrabasic rock mass In terms of geochemical anomaly, the mining area is located in the southeast of HY-4 (AU, as, Cu, Ag, Sb, Mo, W, Ni) element combination anomaly. There are three single element anomalies of W, Mo and Ni in the area, of which the area of W anomaly is 1.85km < sup > 2 < / sup >, and the maximum value is 64.5km × 10 < sup > - 6 < / sup >, minimum 1.28 × 10 < sup > - 6 < / sup >, the geometric mean is 5.01 × 10 < sup > - 6 < / sup >, with three-level concentration band. The Mo anomaly area is 1.10km < sup > 2 < / sup >, and the maximum value is 2.55km × 10 < sup > - 6 < / sup >, minimum 2.05 × 10 < sup > - 6 < / sup >, the geometric mean is 2.24 × 10 < sup > - 6 < / sup >, only with concentration extraneous. In addition, the first, second and third-order hydroxyl alteration anomalies in the Ni geochemical anomaly are obvious, with an area of 0.3km < sup > 2 < / sup >, and there are Fe Ni alteration anomalies in the northwest periphery (3) characteristics of the deposit: the mineralization zone extends in NWW direction, about 1.5km long and 200-500m wide. Mylonitization and skarnization are common in the mineralized area of the earth's surface. Scheelite mineralized bedding occurs in calcareous belts, and is often folded synchronously with non mineralized belts. In the mining area, in addition to the main alteration discoloration zone or hornblende skarnization zone with a length of 1500m and a width of 100-300m from north to south, there are more than 10 smaller hornblende alteration zones of the same type. Among the seven scheelite (mineralized) bodies delineated in the main mineralization alteration zone, K2 and K4 ore bodies are relatively large in scale and good in grade. Among them:K2 ore body: located in the northernmost mineralized alteration zone, occurs in light gray white light gray green banded actinolite quartz hornfels, which is stratoid, NE, with a dip of 47 °， Inclination 78 ° The controlled orebody is 704M, 0.40-2.59m thick, with an average of 1.13m. W03 grade (0.093-0.74) × 10 < sup > - 2 < / sup >, with an average of 0.219 × 10-2 The thickness and grade of ore body do not change regularly along strike
K4 ore body: it is located at 20-25m to the south of K2 ore body, and occurs parallel to K2. The mineralized rocks are also light gray light gray green banded actinolite quartz hornfels, with an occurrence of northeast and a dip of 48 °， Inclination 82 ° The orebody is 484m long and 3.09-9.64m thick, with an average thickness of 5.83m. Wo < sub > 3 < / sub > grade (0.188-0.484) × 10 < sup > - 2 < / sup >, average grade 0.274 × 10 < sup > - 2 < / sup >, in which the west section has higher grade The characteristics of other ore bodies are listed in table 1-3-2
Table 1-3-2 characteristics of ore body. Most of the scheelite occur in the form of dense star spot dense disseminated vein along the bedded skarn. The ore minerals are mainly scheelite, with malachite, pyrite, chalrite, limonite, etc; Gangue minerals include quartz, garnet, diopside, tremolite, actinolite, chlorite, epidote, Fushan stone, andalusite, sillimanite, wollastonite, calcite, etc. Wall rock alteration includes epidotization, sericitization, silicification, hornification and skarnization, among which hornification and skarnization are most closely related to scheelite mineralization. In the area with strong skarnization, scheelite is relatively rich and often accompanied by copper mineralization
(4) the genesis of the deposit is contact metasomatic breccia skarn type scheelite
bus line: No.55 → Metro Line 2, the whole journey is about 16.3km
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4. Take No.3, pass 8 stations to yongqingxiang station
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Bus line: Metro Line 3 → No.72, about 12.2km
1. Take Metro Line 3 from Tianrun City, pass 4 stops, and reach Xiaoshi station
2. Walk about 260m to Zhongyangmen North Station
3. Take No.72, pass 6 stops, and reach Fujian Road · SaJiaWan station
4
Provincial People's hospital
reproctive center
you can take
Metro Line 2
to
Shanghai Road Station
and walk 400 meters.
2 take the South extension line of Metro Line 1, get off at Xinjiekou
3 take Metro Line 2, get off at Shanghai Road
4 walk to Mochou road
5 take inner ring bus No. 3, get off at Yongqing Lane
6 walk to the breeding center of Jiangsu Provincial People's hospital