Ethereum Holdings

1. What does bitcoin mean to replace today's currency? It means that the wealth of the world is marked by bitcoin. The more bitcoin you hold, the more wealth you have in the world. RMB and US dollars are just waste paper. Will you trade the wealth of the world for waste paper? So really believe that bitcoin will become a currency, it is impossible to sell, only possible to buy< In other words, can bitcoin become a real currency? How can a monopoly in the hands of a few people become money? The wealth of the world is created by instry. How can those who only monopolize bitcoin do nothing to own the wealth of instrialists all over the world?

2. Virtual currency generally refers to bitcoin, Ruitai, Laite, doggy, Ethereum, bitstock, Ruibo and other mainstream digital cryptocurrency
stock is the certificate of ownership issued by a joint-stock company, which is a kind of valuable securities issued by a joint-stock company to each shareholder as a certificate of shareholding in order to raise funds and obtain dividends and dividends. Each share represents the ownership of a basic unit of the enterprise. Behind every stock is a listed company. At the same time, every listed company will issue shares.

3. It's reliable and worth it. Short sighted investors generally focus on immediate interests. So a lot of people play contract leverage. Those who really have a long-term vision are those who invest in Ethereum. That's why the Chinese currency can be sealed by Forbes, one of China's four largest spot exchanges, because there is no contract.

4. With the upgrading of Ethereum to version 2.0 this year, the consensus mechanism will be converted to POS, which will have a huge impact on miners. There are two choices for miners. One is to sell mining equipment and buy eth to adapt to the stacking mechanism of POS; The second is to switch the miner to other networks supporting GPU miner. Nick foster, a representative of kabombacks, a US mining equipment distributor, said most eth miners would choose the latter

after Ethereum is upgraded to version 2.0 POS mechanism, miners may switch mining machines to other networks
as Ethereum is finally ready to start its Ethereum 2.0 upgrade later this year, thus eliminating the long-term delay, the network will start to move towards the proof of rights model

therefore, the network will give up the workload proof consensus algorithm, so that eth miners have little choice. As their equipment will become obsolete, they will be forced to start mining counterfeit coins or re qualify as eth mortgagors. So, what is the current situation of Ethereum mining? With the coming transition, what will happen to the whole instry< At present, Ethereum consensus is based on POW system, which is similar to bitcoin (BTC). As a result, Ethereum's mining process is almost the same, as miners use their computing resources to earn rewards for each block they try to complete< However, there are still major differences between these processes. Although bitcoin mining has relied almost entirely on ASIC (large, loud machines designed specifically for cryptocurrency mining, most of which are concentrated in areas with low electricity prices), Ethereum's pow hash algorithm ethash is designed to support global chip manufacturers (such as NVIDIA and AMD). As Thomas Heller, global business director of cryptocurrency mining pool f2pool, explained in a conversation with cointegraph, GPU is much cheaper and easier to access than ASIC

"as ASIC is a very professional machine, when a new generation of procts is released, it is usually a huge technological leap. As a result, they have a much higher hash rate and are more energy efficient than the previous generation. This means that those manufacturers have spent a lot of money to research and develop it. Their machines are usually very expensive, and GPUs are much cheaper. "

Heller added that those who use GPU miners "have more flexibility to mine." For example, the popular NVIDIA geforce GTX 1080 Ti card can mine more than 15 different currencies, while ASIC units usually support only one currency

nevertheless, Ethereum is not completely immune to ASIC miners - at least in its current state. In April 2018, bitcontinent released antminer E3, an ASIC specially proced for mining Ethereum. Although widely praised for its hash rate of 180 megahashes per second and power consumption of 800 watts, it has received different responses from the Ethereum community. After the ASIC is inserted, a considerable number of GPU rig owners seem to suffer from loss of profits, and some are even forced to switch to other networks

"in the white paper, ETH must have ASIC resistance. I would like to say that the white paper stands for something "is one of the highest comments on the AR / ethermining topic about the topic discussed when antminer E3 was announced. Another reddit user argued that "the $800 only applies to 180mh."“ Split or die of a nation. "

some Ethereum users continue to suggest that bitmain's mining devices can lead to greater concentration, thus increasing the possibility of attack by 51%. Soon, a group of developers put forward "programmed workload proof" or progpow, which is an extension of the current Ethereum algorithm ethash, aiming to make GPU more competitive and promote decentralization

according to a paper published in March by Kristy Leigh Minehan, co-founder of progpow, about 40% of the hash rate of Ethereum is generated by bitmain ASIC. Alejandro de la Torre, the vice president of poolin, is the sixth largest pool of eth. He confirmed to cointegration that "GPU mining is still dominant" in Ethereum network, and added:

"at present, the profit of eth mining is not high, and the management threshold and cost of GPU equipment are higher than ASIC equipment. Compared with ASIC devices, GPU devices are more flexible, and you can use other algorithms to switch to other coins. "

progpow has not been integrated into Ethereum, and it is not clear when it will be finally implemented - in March, Ethereum core developers were debating whether progpow will really benefit the network in nearly two hours, and failed to reach a consensus. It is worth noting that a bitmain representative has previously told cointegraph that the mining hardware giant does not intend to extend the service life of antminer E3 to start operation after October 2020: "as far as we know, mining will end in October or some time after that."

a safe but uncertain future

indeed, Ethereum will stay away from mining in the future. Ethereum 2.0, which is planned to be launched later in 2020, is a major network upgrade on the blockchain, aiming to transfer its current POW consensus algorithm to a virtual POS (known as "block verifier")

more specifically, users are randomly selected considering their wealth in the network or their "interests". In other words, the more coins a POS verifier chooses to put in, the more coins accumulated as a reward

according to vitalik buterin, the co-founder of Ethereum, e to the transition, the network will be more secure and the attack cost will be higher than the network of bitcoin, although the debate about the better consensus algorithm in the encryption community has lasted for many years. However, it is not clear when to start Ethereum 2.0, as many errors and management issues are reported to be delaying the process

another hypothetical benefit of POS system is that it has higher energy efficiency than pow blockchain. According to digiconomist, the cryptocurrency's total annual footprint is 59.31 terawatts per hour, which is comparable to the electricity consumption of Greece as a whole. However, since a report in July 2019 estimated that 74% of the exploitation of bitcoin was done using renewable energy, the environmental impact of bitcoin does not seem to be so serious

what will happen to the actual Ethereum miner? According to the documentation of Casper upgrade as part of Ethereum 2.0 roadmap, the network will initially support a hybrid model including both POW and POS, thus providing some space for block verifiers and GPU / ASIC miners. Jack O & 39, CEO of skale network; "There will definitely be a transition period when two networks are running at the same time," Holleran told cointegration The CEO of scale network (based on Ethereum's blockchain platform) gave a detailed description of this process:

"the transition from eth1 to eth2 takes time of course - it may be years rather than months. The good news about this slow transition is that dapps and defi platforms will be able to roam around based on survivability, security and real-world evidence of adoption. This is a positive impact on the Ethereum ecosystem. "

dig or not

once Ethereum is fully in the POS orbit, miners will have two options. One is to sell the equipment and use the money to accumulate more Eth and start mortgage. The other is the choice for GPU miners, which is simply switching to other ethash networks and mining counterfeit money. Nick foster, a representative of kabombacks, a US mining equipment dealer, told cointegration that most eth miners would choose the latter:

"what I want to say is that most of the miners have not really entered Ethereum or the mining of specific tokens. Yes, there is a certain amount of mineral deposits and holds, but I oppose the view that a large number of Shanzhai coin miners hold their coins at any time. "<

foster then described how he used 3gb GPU units to mine ethash's point-to-point blockchain asset ravencoin (RVN). Once it was unable to mine eth, he said, "this is the reason for mining crows. I immediately sold stability to BTC, and then sold it to US dollars to pay for my rights. I would say that a lot of people are adopting this strategy. "

as foster concludes, he wants eth miners to jump out of the network, and new players - those who don't invest in power infrastructure or drilling rigs - will take a stake in eth. He described the following:

"I can't imagine if I found a five-year lease with $0.04 of electricity and I was mining eth, I decided to sell everything and then continue to pay the rent so that I could hold eth as a share. Substitute. "

Marc fresa, founder of asic.to, a mining firmware company, agreed in a conversation with cointegraph: "if you invest in mining, you won't bet because you have enough room to grow."

one of the main counterfeit coins that may benefit from POW miners leaving Ethereum is Ethereum classic (etc), which is a more conservative version of the blockchain. It is reported that there is no POS related plan. As it also runs on the ethash algorithm, the startup of Ethereum 2.0 may lead to the migration of miners, so its hash rate may have a significant peak

eth's larger pools have similar options. When asked about the company's plans for Ethereum after pow, Heller told cointegraph that after the announcement of Ethereum's POS upgrade, f2pool launched a sister company called story.fish in early 2018. Story.fish has started to provide mortgage services for other POS and delegated POS projects, such as tezos (xtz), Cosmos (atom) and Cardano (ADA), e to numerous handover delays. For prin, e to the transition to POS, it "may temporarily give up supporting eth mining," de la Torre told cointegraph

other top eth pools, namely nanopool, ethermine, pool center, sparkpool and spiderpool, did not respond to requests for comment from cointegraph.

5. Eth rose by more than 1.00% in 5 minutes | chain finance
August 3, 2019 - according to the data of hot coin global station, ETH / usdt fluctuated sharply in 5 minutes, rising by more than 1.00% to 1.03%. The current quotation is 223.10 US dollars, the market fluctuates greatly, please pay attention to risk control.

6. Shell [b] è i b ì]
shell coin: generally 2.2 cm long, 1.6 cm wide, flat back shell coin is about 0.8 cm thick, with 12 teeth to 12 teeth, 11 teeth to 12 teeth, and 12 teeth to 13 teeth. There are two parts: decibel pit and under shell. The distance between the first teeth and the second teeth of the shell part is obviously larger than that of the back row teeth. Most of these coins were unearthed from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties and Jiahu cultural sites in Luohe, Henan Province. The unearthed coins wrapped in red sand have less damage and less shell corrosion. The shell nest is well preserved and should be unearthed from the Yangshao cultural site in Henan Province. Shell currency is used in Chinese history, and natural shell currency is the earliest currency in the world. Copper shell and lead shell are the earliest metal currency in China and the world
seashells were used as the original currency in the pre Qin period. It is found that shell coins were used as early as the late Xia Dynasty, and were more common in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. In the Shang Dynasty, a kind of tooth shell was common. The back of the shell was often polished or drilled to make it easy to carry. Shellfish is a kind of shellfish growing in the tropical and subtropical shallow sea. It is small, long, colorful, strong and rable, and has become a favorite ornament of primitive residents. Because of its moderate size, easy to carry, easy to count and other characteristics, with the development of social economy and the formation of commodity society, natural shellfish graally acts as the general equivalent of commodity exchange. Materials are: Golden shell, silver shell, copper shell, lead shell, jade shell, stone shell, bone shell, etc. Stone shell and bone shell are used as currency circulation, while copper shell and lead shell are the earliest metal currency in China and the world. Jinbei, Yinbei and Yubei may be mainly used as gifts. After the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, shell coins were graally replaced by metal coins, but they were still used in a few areas of Yunnan until the Ming Dynasty
the unit of measurement of Bei coin is "Peng", with five Bei as a string and two strings as a Peng<
Chinese name
shellfish
foreign name
Bei money
type
ancient currency
use
pre Qin period
fast
navigation
function significance
classification of shellfish
historical evolution
in ancient China, the primitive society was about four or five thousand years ago, because of low proctivity and lack of material, The occasional exchange between tribes or families is just barter. With the development of proctive forces and social progress, social material wealth is relatively rich, people's material life needs continue to expand, barter has become increasingly unable to meet the needs of social life, so people need to find the intermediary of exchange. Shellfish is a kind of shellfish growing in tropical and subtropical shallow sea. It is small and exquisite, colorful, strong and rable, and has become a favorite decoration of primitive residents. Because of its moderate size, easy to carry, easy to count and other characteristics, later, with the development of social economy and the formation of commodity society, shellfish as a medium of exchange has become a natural thing, Natural shellfish graally act as the general equivalent of commodity exchange
the original shellfish coin was proced in the Shang Dynasty 3000 years ago. It is the ancestor of the coin. It is a kind of shellfish currency processed from natural seashells. It was unearthed in Fuhao Tomb of Yin Ruins in Henan Province. The age is from the 19th century BC to the 16th century BC, more than 3500 years ago. The processed natural shell coins have grooves on one side. They are smooth and beautiful, small and exquisite, strong and wear-resistant, and easy to carry. This kind of sea coins are mainly proced in the East China Sea, South China Sea and other sea areas in China, reflecting the commercial exchanges of the Shang Dynasty. Its emergence marked the development of social proctive forces at that time. After the original barter stage, there are more and more commodities that can be exchanged. At this time, shell coins appeared and became the intermediary of commodity exchange
before the middle of the Shang Dynasty, the value of shellfish coins was very high. It would be a great honor for the officials to be rewarded with shellfish coins by the king of the Shang Dynasty. With the development of commodity economy at that time, the supply of natural shellfish graally exceeded the demand, so many imitation shellfish appeared at that time, such as stone shellfish, bone shellfish, mussel, green pine shellfish, etc. these kinds of shellfish are small in size, and their length is about 1.2 cm ~ 2.4 cm
in the late Shang Dynasty, copper coins appeared again, and their shapes were similar to those of seashells. Copper shell was unearthed in tombs of the late Shang Dynasty in Anyang, Henan Province and Baode, Shanxi Province. The age of copper shell is about the 14th to 11th century BC. It can be called the earliest metal currency in China. One of the copper coins covered with gold is used as large currency. The unit of measurement of Bei coin is "Peng". The original meaning of the word "Peng" refers to a string or two connected "Bei", which graally evolved into a unit of measurement Generally speaking, two bunches of five or two bunches of ten are regarded as "one friend"< In the Shang Dynasty, seashells were colorful, portable, rable and countable. When human beings entered the primitive society of fishing, hunting, collecting and farming, they were only handed down as ornaments. Because of the regional differences, in order to obtain the needs, it is natural for the tribes to barter. The shell ornament unearthed from the tomb of Yangshao village in Henan Province is about 7000 years old. Obviously, most of these Bedouins were transferred from other coastal tribes to inland exchange, which may proce currency form in exchange
in the slave society of the Xia Dynasty, the merchants and the tribes in the South began to exchange goods, and the number of seashells increased. At the same time, the application scope of seashells also changed from single to multiple. Due to the continuous emergence of commodities, seashells began to have the qualification of commodity exchange as a medium. The shell coins unearthed from the Xia cultural site in Erlitou, Henan Province, witnessed the earliest appearance of the original goods shell in China. As a kind of currency, the large-scale seashells include Huban Baobao, awenshou, shuban Yanbei, snake head Yanbei, etc; Small seashells include freighter, pseudojujube, etc., and freighter is the most common. They grow between the reefs of the East China Sea and the South China Sea. From its shape, most of them are white, hollow, long and thin mouth, many pairs of teeth, back uplift or manual grinding back type, and there are often grinding holes at both ends, which are easy to wear and carry. In terms of the unit of measurement, the more shells there are, the higher the value is, and the less the value is, the lower the value is
from the perspective of its function, shell money is not only a non-metallic natural currency, but also a general equivalent in the pre Qin commodity exchange. Seashells are wealth. Through equal exchange, they can meet the demand and show the degree of wealth. For example, in addition to 755 pieces of sacrificial jade such as guard of honor, tools, articles, ornaments and miscellaneous utensils, there are 7000 shell coins, that is 700 pengbei. According to the inscriptions of Weihe (yintonghe, the ancient bronze ware of warm wine) in the third year of the reign of Gongwang in the Western Zhou Dynasty, Qiu Wei used Jinzhang (the jade ritual vessel) worth 80 pengbei to replace 10 fields of zubo, and 700 pengbei for Fuhao could replace nearly 90 fields, which shows the great wealth< From the middle and late Shang Dynasty to the Zhou Dynasty, e to the increase of population, the progress of agriculture, the development of handicraft instry, the frequent trade and other factors, the demand for shellfish surged, and then there appeared such shellfish as stone, bone, clam, pottery and so on. Its value is the same as that of seashells. The value of a seashell or imitation seashell is slightly lower, while the value of zhuyubei is expensive. People use all kinds of shell coins to exchange goods
Xunzi's "Wang Zhi Pian" describes the situation of goods circulation at that time, saying that "walking horses and big dogs in the north, feathers and ivory in the south, rhinoceros pigment in the south, sea fish and sea salt in the East, leather and woolen goods in the west, and oxtail can be bought in the Chinese market. People living in the fields can get wood, people living in the mountains can get aquatic procts, and farmers can get equipment without using knives and axes, Instry and commerce can get food without farming or planting. " Therefore, the prosperity of commerce is e to money. In turn, it promotes proction and economic development. And these varieties of shellfish became the most homogeneous currency in China. This period also gave birth to copper shell coin (a kind of metal imitation shell)
copper shell is the ancestor of metal coins
a small copper shell usually weighs about 5 baht (3 G). Another example is that in a bronze inscription of King li of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it says "punish the girl (i.e. you) 300", that is to say, punish you 150 liang of copper shells. The bronze shells of Shang Dynasty unearthed in Anyang, Henan and Baode, Shanxi are the earliest metal coins in China and the world
in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the three Jin Dynasties (Zhao, Wei, Han) and Qilu also cast copper hollow imitation shells, especially the copper shells cast by the state of Lu. The copper shell of Chu state was mainly made of solid bronze shell (or ant nose coin or ghost face shell) at that time, with the most common character of crying shell. In addition, wenyinbei, together with wuwenjinbei and Yinbei unearthed from the tomb of Zhongshan king in the pre Qin period in Lingshou County, Hebei Province, pioneered the gold and silver coinage in China. More than 1000 pieces of baojinbei were unearthed from the Eastern Zhou tomb in Huixian County, Henan Province, which can be regarded as the originator of Chinese gold coins. From seashells to ornaments, they became diversified, multi-quality, light and heavy goods with different values. Until Qin Dynasty (221 BC) abolished the system of shellfish coins, shellfish coins experienced a long evolution process. They not only played an important role in the prosperity of regional commerce at that time, but also played an important part in the history of Chinese coins
classification of shell coins
shell coins are divided into shell shells, bone shells, stone shells, copper shells, etc., but the most commonly used ones are natural seashells< There are many kinds of natural seashells, such as "freights" (also known as toothed seashells), "pseudojujube seashells", "awenshou seashells" (also known as Dabei, Huban seashells), "lingmuste Torreya conch" and so on. Among them, "freights" are more common. Those with a long tooth groove on the surface are called "scallop teeth" or "scallop lips". The front of the seashells is relatively flat, and the side of the seashells is slightly bulging, In order to be easy to carry, people chiseled small holes on the back of the scallops. In the early days, the holes were relatively small, which was called "small hole type scallops". Later, the holes graally expanded, which was called "large hole type scallops". During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the back of "freights" was almost flat, which was called "freights with grinding back"
"tongfangbei" generally imitates the shape of commodity shells. In the early days, it was similar to the shape of natural shells. After the spring and Autumn period, the inscribed "tongfangbei" was cast in the southern Chu region, which is called wentongbei. Some of its shapes are like ants climbing their noses, while others look like grimaces. Therefore, it is commonly known as "yibiqian" or "grimaces Qian". There are more than 10 kinds of face inscriptions, but their shapes are relatively consistent, It was widely used in southern China. The "ant nose money" was cast in the early Warring States period (5th century BC), while the "ghost face money" was cast in the middle and late Warring States period (4th-3rd century BC). It was one of the most advanced forms of money at that time, except the Chu copper shell, During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, there were also metal shells in northern China, such as "golden shell", "silver shell" and "gilded copper shell". The appearance of "imitation copper shell" was a great thing in the history of currency development in China, which greatly pushed forward the development of currency in China, and was relatively unified with its size, weight and value, Moreover, it can cast a large number of shellfish in situ, and other advantages that can't be compared with "cargo shellfish" and "imitation shellfish" have entered the current market

7. From bitcoin to Ethereum, it seems that more and more institutional traders are interested in accumulating Ethereum for long-term benefits, because Ethereum is also a store of value

1. Ethereum: a better value accumulation target

for many years, accumulating bitcoin has been the main way to store the value of cryptocurrency. Investors use bitcoin as a sharp weapon against the economic crisis. However, institutional traders are now also interested in Ethereum

in the 2020 annual review report of coinbase, it is noted that institutional customers are more and more interested in Ethereum. The reason is related to how investors evaluate Ethereum ecosystem

first of all, it is the original currency of the network. Because Ethereum is a platform for many valuable projects, Ethereum has become a powerful trading currency in Ethereum ecosystem

Why are more and more institutional traders hoarding Ethereum

the report points out that the driving force for Ethereum holders to invest comes from: first, Ethereum's potential as a value store is constantly developing; 2、 Ethereum's status as a digital currency provides the basis for its network transactions<

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2. Investment institutions such as coinbase and Gemini are optimistic about Ethereum and defi

Arthur Cheong, founder of definance capital and portfolio manager focusing on defi encryption fund, pointed out in a statement in coindesk, "I think bold investors will explore Ethereum and defi after studying bitcoin."

according to the data, some investment institutions such as coinbase and Gemini are incredibly bullish on Ethereum. In addition, more and more large investors are looking for different decentralized financing space

Why are more and more institutional traders hoarding Ethereum< However, deniss vinokourou, a digital asset investment manager, believes that "not everyone is satisfied with the risks associated with defi that still exist, but the rapid growth of active projects in Ethereum supports capital appreciation."

unlike bitcoin, Ethereum has many ways to retain investors and lock them in for a long time. After the release of eth2.0, Ethereum owners have made a lot of profits in long Ethereum

the original text is from ambcrypto and compiled by blockchain knight. The right in English belongs to the original author. If you want to reprint it in Chinese, please contact the compiler.

8. ECall token: eCall is erc20 token realized through Ethereum smart contract. It adopts block chain technology. All transaction processes on the chain need the approval of each node in the network, and the whole process is transparent and open. The currency was launched on Bitz, hotcoin, dcoin and AEX exchanges in November, opening the ecell / usdt trading pair. Previously, ecell has been launched on bittrex global and MXC Matcha exchanges. As a token on the Ethereum chain, ecell's various advantages are worth promoting.

9. Walk to Maodong railway station about 230 meters 1. 106 meters to the west 2. Turn right to enter Zhanqian Fourth Road 72 meters 3. Turn left at Zhanqian Fourth Road 52 meters bus - No. 3 - (Maodong railway station - miner's home) - direction: miner's home departure: Maodong railway station 5.0 km arrival: Municipal guest house walk to Youcheng third road about 272 meters to Maoming passenger terminal < br />Thank you!