Ethereum is dead

1. The regime of Dashun was very short. After Li Zicheng established the regime in Xi'an, he established some etiquette systems, mainly combined with the system of Ming Dynasty< On the new year's day of the first month of the 17th year of Chongzhen (1644), Li Zicheng, with the support of the army and the people, announced the establishment of Xi'an as his capital, and changed his name to Zisheng, Dashun and Yongchang. Li Jiqian was regarded as the ancestor of Bu Yi, and the posthumous title was given to all the people below his great grandfather. The Empress Dowager was Lu's mother, the empress of Gao's family, and the concubine of Chen's family
with song xiance as the military commander, Dashun government implemented a new official system. The central government changed the cabinet to Tianyou hall, and set up a bachelor's office to conct military and state affairs. The six ministries were changed into six governments, each of which had one minister and two ministers. The Hanlin Academy was changed into Hongwen hall, the six branches were remonstrated officials, the censor was the direct commander, the Shangbao temple was the shangqisi, the Taipu temple was the Yanma temple, and the Tongzheng department was the Zhizheng envoy. Six main officials of the government are: Li government, song Qijiao; Yang jianlie; Li government, Gong Yu; Military government, Zhang Liran; Criminal government, Lu Zhiqi; Instrial government, Li Zhensheng. Local provincial governments set up Jieshi, which is equivalent to the governor of the Ming Dynasty. Following the system of the governor of the Ming Dynasty, they set up direct envoys of the governor in the province to exercise the responsibility of supervision on behalf of the central government. Other Dao, Fu, Zhou and Xian set up defense envoys, Fu Yin, Zhou Mu and Xian Ling, which were the same as those in Xiangyang period. There are five battalions in the military system, named Zhongji, Zuofu, right wing, forward and afterforce; The flag of Wuying banner is black in front camp, yellow in back camp, white in left camp, red in right Camp and cyan in middle camp. The military officers still have such officers as the general in power, the general in charge, the general Guoyi, the general in power, the general Duwei, the commander in chief of the brigade, the general of the Department, and the general of the sentry

five rank Baroness system is implemented in the army. They are the generals in power, the generals in power and the marquis; General Guo Yi is the following: uncle, son and male

the examiners, 9 people of marquis:
ruhou Liu Zongmin
Zehou Tian Jianxiu
Qihou guying
Bohou Lijin (Li Guo)
Cihou Liu Fangliang
Yihou Zhang NaI (Li Shuangxi)
Mianhou yuan Zongdi
huaihou Liu Guochang
yuehou □ □
bo72 people:
Guangshan boliu tichun
Taiping Bowu Ruyi
Wushan boma Shiyao
Wuyang Boli you (Li you)
Pingnan Bo Liu Zhong
Wenshui Bo Chen Yongfu
Taoyuan Bo Bai Guangen
Queshan Bo Wang Liang
Jingshan Bo Chen Hong
Yanling Bo Liu □

Zi 30, Ningling Zi Tian Hu et al.
male 55, Linqu male Gao Yigong et al.

2. Looking back at the development of science and technology in 2016, the decline of wearable devices is obvious. Business insider, an American business media, made a very bold judgment in a recent review article that "wearable devices are dead"

to be honest, I quite agree

three years ago, the instry generally believed that wearable devices would set off the next wave of technology, replacing smart phones as a new hardware platform. Three years later, the instry's expectation of wearable devices did not come true, but saw the opposite result

is there a chain technology in Qing, as well as in large blocks?

3. Cao Cao is a man with a strong sense of reality, but also rich in ideals and humanistic embrace. From a comprehensive perspective, he is the greatest contributor to Jian'an literature. Cao Cao's style of poetry and writing is the expression of his temperament in many aspects. His style of writing is flexible and witty, and his style of poetry is desolate, solemn and clear<

the famous sentence representing Cao Cao's tragic style is
1. Life is like death, like frost in the morning
2. Du Kang is the only one who can relieve his worries.
3. It's too abstruse to be complacent and wandering.
4. Zhuozha, the first teacher, is free to cultivate morality, and is proud of himself. The style of Cao Cao's poem is "generous and solemn", but the background of his poem "watching the sea" is that he defeated Yuan Shao and came back victoriously. His joy is expressed in words, expressing his ambition of unifying China. Besides, it seems inappropriate that this poem contains tragic meaning, so we should analyze the work with practice

Cao Zhi's poems are full of vigor and vitality, dripping solemn and stirring, and have a far-reaching impact on the poets of later generations
generosity & quot; As Cao Zhi's personal literary interest and the aesthetic trend of the whole Jian'an period, poetic style has become an aesthetic paradigm and artistic feature with far-reaching influence in the history of literature. This paper analyzes Cao Zhi's generous poetic style from the perspectives of performance features, social customs, era resonance, and causes, and discusses the formation of the generous poetic style between Han and Wei dynasties; Generosity & quot; There are great differences in the content between the early stage and the later stage. The early poems can be divided into two categories, one is to express his leisurely life, the other is to reflect his feeling of "living in chaos and growing up in the army". His later poems mainly express his indignation and sorrow under the suppression, and express his desire to make contributions to the world.

4.

Now the family living conditions in the city are getting better and better. After a family has children, most of the time and experience outside work will be put on the children. The ecation of children is also the top priority in the family. The school district room is the standard configuration of many families. In addition, children's early ecation is becoming more and more popular. Many families will send children to early ecation institutions, and the age of children who go to early ecation institutions is also showing a trend of getting younger and younger. So, whether children want to go to early childhood ecation institutions or not, I think we can consider from the following points

The third is whether children like to go to early ecation institutions. Many early ecation institutions have experiential courses, which do not need to pay for. Children can have a try. Some children like to go to early ecation institutions once, and some children are more resistant to going to early ecation institutions. If they do, don't send them. It will save money and time, and cause harm to children

In a word, we should consider early ecation comprehensively according to family economy, time and children's thoughts

5. The first mystery in the history of the Qing Dynasty: the Dowager's marriage

first, the saying that the Empress Dowager is getting married

surrounded by mountains and covered by pines, the eastern Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty in Malanyu, Zunhua County, Hebei Province, is the "land of good fortune for ten thousand years" personally ordered by the emperor Shun in the early Qing Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, nine mausoleums and five imperial concubines were built here successively, burying five emperors and many imperial concubines, including Shun, Kangxi, Qianlong, Xianfeng and Tong. Today, the eastern Mausoleum of Qing Dynasty has been listed as a world cultural heritage and become a famous tourist attraction, attracting many tourists

when entering the mausoleum area, the first thing people see is a mausoleum isolated outside the Fengshui wall at the foot of Changrui mountain. If you look at it carefully, you can still find that its regulation is quite special. There is no mangaogou, Yudaihe and Quanqiao in the mausoleum, but there is a Shinto stele Pavilion in front of the mausoleum. Enter the gate, but see its three doors in front of the hall, longen hall has been demolished, only the base site. Some materials and old photos show that the hall is not the top of Xieshan, which is common in the mausoleum of empress emperor, but the top of the hall with double eaves, which highlights the nobility and respect of the mausoleum owner. This is Zhaoxi mausoleum, in which the famous empress Xiaozhuang Wen was buried<

empress Wen of Xiaozhuang is the concubine of emperor Taiji, Emperor Shun's biological mother, and Emperor Kangxi's grandmother. After several dynasties, she helped her children and grandchildren to establish herself in the world. After her death, she accumulated her posthumous title, known as "empress Wen of Xiaozhuang, Ren Xuan, Cheng Xian, Gong Yi, Chun Hui Yi and Tian Qi". She was the most senior person buried in the eastern Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty, but why was she placed outside the Fengshui wall? This led to the first suspicious case in the early Qing Dynasty, the Dowager's marriage

according to unofficial records, at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty's entry into the pass, the Regent Dorgon took charge of the imperial program, "when entering and leaving the palace, he lived with his sister-in-law and nephew, just like a father and son at home." When the Empress Dowager of Xiaozhuang was in her prime, she was widowed and had no pleasure. She thought that Dorgon was high in the world, and gave up the throne to her son. She was loyal to her son. Unless she was able to repay him with her own body, she couldn't do much. So she committed herself to do something to win over Dorgon. Soon, Dorgon's wife died, so ministers such as fan Wencheng encouraged the Empress Dowager to marry the Regent. Naturally, both sides were very happy. After setting the date of marriage, he issued an imperial edict in the name of the little emperor Shun, declaring that "the Empress Dowager was widowed in her prime, and she was not happy in spring and autumn. As the son of heaven, I can only nourish my mouth and body, but not my will. As a result, my mother is in a state of melancholy and depression. How can I teach the world filial piety? The emperor's uncle, the Regent, is now widowed. His status and appearance are all the first people in China. The Empress Dowager is willing to condescend to get married. I respect and respect you. As soon as the ceremony is held, it will be arranged in advance. " In this way, the Empress Dowager condescended and openly married her younger brother-in-law. The Regent Dorgon became the stepfather of the young emperor Shun, whose name was known as "the emperor's father and Regent". The imperial edict says frankly that the young empress dowager finally finds it difficult to keep her empty boudoir. Hong Xing comes out of the wall and voluntarily marries Dorgon, who has just lost his wife. Some novels even say that as early as when Huang Taiji was alive, Princess Zhuang and o Ergun had already fallen in love and crossed Chen Cang secretly. At this time, their long cherished wish was finally fulfilled when they got married

it is said that in order to organize the wedding, the Ministry of Rites has also specially made a set of special wedding rituals, six volumes of which are called the grand wedding ceremony of the Chinese mother. It is very grand, and all the civil and military officials at home and abroad have expressed their congratulations, which is a grand event. Even Zhang Huangyan, a famous general of the Southern Ming Dynasty who was far away on the island of eastern Zhejiang Province, also heard about the incident and wrote a poem specially: "the upper longevity cup is a bottle of wine, and the door of the CI Ning palace is rotten.". The spring official entered the new ceremony note yesterday, the big ceremony bow meets the Empress Dowager to marry That is to say, the Empress Dowager's birthday wine has become the wedding banquet's wedding wine

however, after his death, Dourgen was immediately denounced for treason and was subjected to ruthless political liquidation. However, the status of Xiaozhuang is more and more respected. The Empress Dowager and the Empress Dowager feel that remarriage is absurd. Sorry for her ex husband Huang Taiji, they have no face to meet each other underground. Therefore, she did not want to be sent back to Shengjing after her death to be buried with emperor Taiji of Taizong, so she asked her grandson Kangxi to bury him in Dongling. The mausoleum was built outside the Fengshui wall, implying that it was derogatory and wanted to punish her to guard the Royal gate. And so on, there are many legends

in feudal China, ordinary widows who suffered from chastity would be commended and erected memorial archways. If they remarry, they will inevitably be criticized by their relatives and neighbors. What's more, as a noble empress dowager, the embroidery ball was thrown again, and the plum blossomed twice. Of course, it was a shocking story. In the early years of the Republic of China, there was no distinction between the north and the south, nor between the old and the young. When talking about the anecdotes of the former Qing Dynasty, they were all fond of talking about it and believed in history. As a result, many scholars later criticized the fact that the draft of the history of the Qing Dynasty could not be written in a straight line< Second, the people and affairs of Xiaozhuang, the empress Wen of Xiaozhuang in history, whose surname is borzijit, is called bumbutai (or translated as benbutai). It is groundless to say that her name is dayue'er in unofficial legend. She was born on the 8th of February in the 41st year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (March 28, 1613). She is the second daughter of belzhaisang in Horqin, Mongolia. Horqin Mongolia had been attached to Houjin earlier, and married with Houjin in order to consolidate the political alliance between the two sides. In February of 1625, when he was 13 years old, he was accompanied by his elder brother Wu Keshan to Liaoyang, the new capital of the later Jin Dynasty. He married Huang Taiji, the eighth son of Nurhachi, who was 34 years old. He was called Bian Fujin, also known as Pianfang. As early as 11 years ago, her aunt Zhezhe had married Huang Taiji as the main family of dafujin. Nine years later, in 1634, Huang Taiji, who had inherited the throne of Khan, married her sister Hai Lanzhu, and her nephew and aunt worked together as a husband

after marriage, bumbutai gave birth to three daughters for Huang Taiji. In the third year of Tiancong (1629), she was born to the fourth daughter of the emperor, and later was granted the title of Princess Gu Lun Yong mu; In 1632, Tiancong gave birth to the fifth daughter of the emperor. Later, she was granted the title of Princess GuLun Shuhui; The next year, he gave birth to the seventh daughter of the emperor, and was later granted the title of Princess Gu Lun Duanxian. The three princesses were married to the Mongolian nobles biltahar, sebuten and kengjilge

in 1636, Huang Taiji changed the name of the country to Qing Dynasty, and called himself Emperor in Shengjing (Shenyang). At the same time, he established the system of imperial concubines and enfeoffed five imperial concubines among his many concubines. Bumubutai was granted the title of Princess Zhuang and lived in Yongfu palace, the second Western Palace. The book presented to her by Huang Taiji was written in Manchu, Mongolian and Chinese, and the words were simple: "zilbenbutai, the daughter of kuerqin state in Mongolia, has a long history of cooperation and is of high quality. I ascended the great treasure, so I imitated the ancient system, and ce'er was Zhuang Fei of Yongfu palace. You should be honest, virtuous, courteous and simple. You should be filial and humble. You should abide by the instructions of the empress and do not bear my orders. " Zhezhe, concubine Zhuang's aunt, is of course the empress of Zhonggong. Her elder sister Hai Lanzhu, who entered the palace after concubine Zhuang, was named Chenfei, ranking second only to the empress in Guanju palace, the east palace. The other two imperial concubines, Lin palace in the West Palace and Yanqing palace in the second East Palace, were originally the wives of lindan Khan of Chahar Mongol. Huang Taiji married them after conquering the Chahar tribe, and made such arrangements mainly out of political considerations. Therefore, in the harem, the status of concubine Zhuang's aunt and nephew is the most prominent. In addition to the elder sister, concubine Chen, who is most favored, the youngest concubine Zhuang is also more favored. Especially in the first month of the third year of Chongde (1638), imperial concubine Chen's eighth son, who was regarded as the emperor's heir by Huang Taiji, died prematurely. Imperial concubine Zhuang gave birth to her ninth son Fulin two days later, which further promoted her status< However, in the Taizong emperor Taiji period, it is unlikely that the young Zhuangfei would show up and do much in politics. Only the popular story of "Zhuang Fei persuading Chou" paves the way for the later saying that "the Empress Dowager will marry down". It seems that this clever and beautiful Zhuang Fei is used to using beauty tricks. In 1642, ring the Songjin war of Ming and Qing Dynasties, Hong Chengchou, the governor of Jiliao, the supreme commander of Ming army outside the pass, was defeated, captured and escorted to Shengjing. Huang Taiji was eager for Hong Chengchou to surrender, so he sent fan Wencheng and other Han officials to persuade him to surrender. However, Hong Chengchou seemed determined and unmoved. He went on a hunger strike in prison, which made Huang Taiji helpless. One night, when the prison door was opened, Princess Zhuang arrived and entered the soup. Hong Chengchou was moved by her words. She bowed under the pomegranate skirt and surrendered to the Qing Dynasty. Later, she made great contributions to the Qing Dynasty. This story is vividly interpreted by many literary works. However, according to historical records, Hong Chengchou refused to surrender at the beginning of his capture, but Huang Taiji caught hold of his weak point of thought and personally recruited him to surrender successfully< On September 21, 1643, Huang Taiji died of illness. Because Huang Taiji didn't appoint a successor to the throne ring his lifetime, there was a power vacuum in the court, resulting in a chaotic situation in which the kings fought for the throne. In the end, all factions reached a compromise and established Fulin, who was only six years old, as emperor. At this time, Fulin's biological mother, Princess Zhuang, played an important role as the five empresses. On August 26 (October 8), Fulin ascended the throne and changed her name to Shun. Princess Zhuang was honored as "the Virgin Queen Mother"

although Shun was a willful emperor, under the supervision of Xiaozhuang, his studies were excellent in all aspects. After he was in power, Xiaozhuang still admonished him from time to time, which made him very successful in politics. Unfortunately, Shun died young. Among his grandchildren, Xiaozhuang chose Xuanye, who was less than eight years old, to inherit the throne. He once again took on the responsibility of protecting and ecating the young emperor. However, his status was further promoted to empress dowager, with the accumulated badges of "Zhaosheng, cishou, Gongjian, Anyi, zhangqingn, Huiwen, zhuangkang and renxuanhongjing"

Xiaozhuang was very fond of Kangxi. When he was young, he would keep him under his knees and send his maid, Su malagu, to take care of him. Of course, the ecation of Kangxi in Xiaozhuang was also very strict. Kangxi later recalled that "when I was a toddler and could speak, I was instructed by my grandmother. I had rules for eating, acting and speaking. Although I lived in peace and solitude, I was taught to be reckless and dare to transgress. Otherwise, I would strengthen my supervision and rely on my success." In the complicated political situation in the early years of Kangxi, Xiaozhuang balanced all kinds of relations with her own influence. In particular, she did not continue to choose the queen from her mother's borzigit family. Instead, she chose hersheri, the granddaughter of the first assistant Sony, as the queen, and used Sony to restrain ao, the assistant minister, which reflected her statesman's breadth of mind and insight. Kangxi's successful eradication of ao was also inseparable from Xiaozhuang's support. Kangxi lived up to his grandmother's painstaking efforts and expectations, and soon grew into a generation of Great Britain. He is also extremely filial to Xiaozhuang. His grandparents and grandchildren have deep feelings. In his later years, Xiaozhuang is very happy< On December 25, the 26th year of Kangxi (January 27, 1688), Xiaozhuang died at the age of 75. On his deathbed, she told Kangxi that the Emperor Taizong's Mausoleum had been in peace for a long time, so don't move it lightly for me. Besides, I didn't want to give up your father and son in my heart, so I was buried near your father's Xiaoling. Kangxi obeyed his orders and demolished the five rooms of the East King Hall of the CI Ning palace, which he lived in before his death, and built them at the foot of Changrui mountain, which was called "temporary Anfeng hall" and stopped working. It was not until the third year of Yong Dynasty (1725) that a mausoleum was built and buried in the original place of the temporary Anfeng hall

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7. The etheric method is dead, and the burning paper has to be done. The last Rune of the master's teleportation is completely abandoned e to the control. Now the mainstream is the black set

8. 1. Taking the name of Wu as the surname, it comes from the surname Ji and is a direct descendant of the Xuanyuan family of the Yellow Emperor. In the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou tribe was founded by the father of Gu Gong, the 12th grandson of the Yellow Emperor. The king had three sons. Ji Li, his youngest son, was very talented. He gave birth to Jichang (King Wen of Zhou). When Jichang was born, Shengrui appeared, so the king preferred Jichang to take over the throne. Taibo, the eldest son of Taiwang, and Zhongyong, the second son of Taiwang, knew that their father meant to pass the throne to Jili first, and then to Jichang, so they decided to give up the throne automatically, and they went south together to jingman. Taibo and Zhongyong brought the advanced culture of the Central Plains to Jiangnan, which was relatively backward at that time. They were elected by the local aborigines as the king's chief, known as the king of Wu. After Taibo died, Zhongyong succeeded him. After King Wu of Zhou (Jichang was King Wen, and his son Jifa was King Wu) destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Zhang, the third grandson of Zhongyong, became a vassal. The name of the state was changed to Wu, and Taibo was granted the title of Wu Bo. Zhongyong's 19th sun Shoumeng became king, and his capital is now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. Jizha, the fourth son of Shoumeng, was supposed to inherit the throne, but he escaped to Yanling to make a living by farming. Since then, the descendants of Shoumeng, the king of Wu, have been divided into two branches: one branch has developed politically, with the emergence of such famous monarchs as Helu, Fu Chai and so on; On the other hand, Jizha and his descendants developed independently, with a large number of people, making up the vast majority of the Wu family. After the state of Wu was destroyed by the state of Yue, its descendants took the state as their surname and called it Wu
2. The surname Wu existed in ancient times. One is that some descendants of Shun were granted the title of Yu. Because the sound of "Yu" is similar to that of "Wu", there is a surname of Wu after Shun. First, Emperor Zhuanxu had the power of Wu, and then the Wu family. First, there was Wu He, the archer of Shaokang emperor, followed by the surname Wu
3. According to the relevant information, it is said that he was a descendant of Wu Quan when Zhuanxu Emperor (Gaoyang family) was in ancient times
4. In Shaokang, the king of Xia Dynasty, there was Wu He, followed by Wu family
5. The integration of ethnic minorities and Han nationality resulted in Wu surname. The Xibe, Kirgiz, Korean and Hezhe nationalities all have Wu surnames<

the first ancestor of the surname
Taibo. More than 3000 years ago, there was a tribe of Zhou people in Qishan, Shaanxi Province. The leader was called King Tai of Zhou. King Tai of Zhou gave birth to his eldest son, Taibo, his second son, Zhongyong, and his youngest son, Jili. Ji Li's son, Chang Congming and zaohui, is deeply loved by the king. The king of Zhou wanted to pass it on to Chang, but according to the tradition at that time, it should be passed on to the eldest son, so the king was depressed. After Taibo understood his father's meaning, he fled to the desolate south of the Yangtze River with his second younger brother Zhongyong, founded his own foundation and established the ancient kingdom of Gouwu. After the fall of the Shang Dynasty, the Zhou Dynasty was established. King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty appointed Zhou Zhang, the third grandson of Taibo, as Marquis, so he changed the name of the state to Wu. In the spring and Autumn period, the state of Wu was destroyed by the state of Yue. The descendants of the royal family who supported the common people did not forget their hatred for the subjugation of the state, so they took the state name "Wu" as their surname, and Taibo became the ancestor of the surname Wu.

9. Ancient official positions:
central official positions
Qin set up the prime minister, Taiwei and Yushi doctor to form the central organization. The prime minister is in charge of administration, the Taiwei is in charge of military affairs, and the censor is in charge of supervision and secretarial work. Han Dynasty generally followed the Qin system, called Sangong, under which Jiuqing was in charge of all aspects of government affairs, and later evolved into the system of three provinces and six ministries. The three provinces are Zhongshu province (decision-making), subordinate province (deliberation) and Shangshu province (Implementation). The chief officials of the three provinces are prime ministers. In Song Dynasty, the authority of Zhongshu province was expanded, and the Privy Council was in charge of civil and military affairs respectively, so the lower and Shangshu provinces were abolished. In the Ming Dynasty, the cabinet was the highest administrative organ, the cabinet minister was called the assistant minister, and the chief minister was called the prime minister. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a military aircraft department, in which Wang, Gong and Shang Shu were ministers of military aircraft, holding the power of the government<

the six departments refer to "the Ministry of officials, which is in charge of the appointment and removal, assessment, promotion and demotion of officials."; The Ministry of household is in charge of land registration, taxation and finance; The Ministry of rites is in charge of ceremonies, science, schools, etc; The Ministry of war is in charge of military affairs; The Ministry of punishment is in charge of justice, punishment and prison; The Ministry of work is in charge of engineering construction and water conservancy. The head of each ministry is the minister, and the deputy is the minister. There are doctor, deputy Title member, and subordinate officials

the temple is the official office. Jiusi is the official office of Jiuqing. Han Taichang, guangluxun, Weiwei, Taipu, Tingwei, dahonglu, Zongzheng, Dasinong and Shaofu were called the nine Temple ministers. There was a slight change in the past dynasties, which was e to it up to the Qing Dynasty< (1) Guanglu temple was in charge of the palace guards and attendants. After the Northern Qi Dynasty, it was in charge of the catering tent. After the Tang Dynasty, it was in charge of catering< (2) Taipusi: it was called Taipusi at the beginning of the Northern Qi Dynasty, and was incorporated into the army department when Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty reformed the official system< (3) Taichang Temple: in the Qin Dynasty, Taichang temple was established; in the Han Dynasty, Taichang temple was reformed; in the Northern Qi Dynasty, Taichang temple was established; in the late Qing Dynasty, Taichang temple was abolished< (4) Zongzheng Temple: in Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was the patriarch's office, in charge of the emperor's clan affairs

(5) Dali Temple: in charge of the trial of criminal cases, it was Tingwei in the Qin and Han Dynasties, Dali temple in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and Dali court in the Qing Dynasty< (6) Weiwei Temple: in the Northern Qi Dynasty, it was changed into Weiwei temple; in the Sui Dynasty, it was changed into military guard of honor and tent; in the Ming Dynasty, it was abolished; in the Qing Dynasty, there were LuanYi guards

(7) Honglu Temple: Qin Yuedian guest, Han changed dahonglu, Zhang Zan, Dao Xiangli. Hong, Shengye, Lu, Chuanye, Chuansheng praises Dao, so it is called Honglu. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, it was called Honglu temple, which was not abolished in the Qing Dynasty< (8) Shaofu Temple: it took charge of the affairs of Shanze, and later took charge of the clothing and precious goods in the palace. It was changed into a prison in Sui Dynasty, and was abolished in Ming Dynasty< (9) Taifu Temple: the grand Si Nong, who is in charge of money, grain, gold and silk

in addition, the central government has set up special agencies and officials to manage books, compile history, and make calendars. For example, Sima Qian and Zhang Heng once served as Taishi Ling. Gao Qi edited the history of Hanlin< The main administrative region of Qin and Han Dynasties is county. The governor of the county, Qin called the sheriff, Han called the sheriff. The main administrative region of the Sui and Tang Dynasties was Zhou, whose officials were called CI Shi, and their subordinate officials included Chang Shi, Sima, etc. In Tang Dynasty, there were some important military towns. Set up a Jieshi, under the official March Sima, staff, head secretary, etc. In Song Dynasty, state officials were called Zhizhou, and county officials were called Zhixian. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, prefectures were changed to prefectures

in addition, there were also prefectures in the Han Dynasty, which were divided into more than ten prefectures in the world. They were basically monitoring areas, and the central government sent officials to spy on the situation, which was called assassin history. In Sui and Tang Dynasties, the country was divided into more than a dozen roads, also known as the supervision area. The central government sent officials to inspect the area, which was called the dethroning envoy. In Song Dynasty, the whole country was divided into about 20 roads. In the road, there was a cadre in charge of all kinds of affairs. In the Yuan Dynasty, the highest local administrative organ was called xingzhongshu province. In the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed chengxuanzhengshi department, which was still called "province" in custom< After the system of "three provinces and six ministries" appeared, the promotion, appointment and removal of officials were in the charge of the Ministry of officials. The following words are often used in the appointment, removal and promotion of official posts: (1) worship. Confer an official position or position with a certain ceremony 2) Except. Honoring an official means conferring an official position 3) I'm not sure. Promotion of official positions 4) Move. The transfer of official positions includes promotion, demotion and transfer 5) Relegation. Demoted or transferred to remote areas 6) He was deposed“ "Dethrone" and "strike, remove, seize" are to remove the official position 7) Go. There are three kinds of dismissals: resignation, transfer and removal. Resignation and transfer belong to the general situation and the adjustment of official posts, while removal is to cut the post for the people 8) Begging for bones. He asked to resign and retire when he was old

[Jue] refers to the title and title of Jue, which was granted by the ancient emperors to the meritorious officials<

[prime minister] is the highest official position in the feudal bureaucracy. He is a person who takes charge of the national government affairs according to the emperor's main idea. Sometimes called prime minister, often known as prime minister, referred to as "prime minister"

[Taishi] refers to two kinds of official positions. First, Taishi, Taifu and Taibao were called "three gongs" in ancient times. Later, most of them were appointed as high-ranking officials, which showed favor but no real ty. Second, in ancient times, they were also called "three masters of the East Palace". They were all the teachers of the prince. Taishi was the abbreviation of Taizi and Taishi. Later, it graally became a nominal title<

[Shangshu] was originally an official in charge of memorials. The Sui Dynasty began to set up six ministries. In the Tang Dynasty, the six ministries were designated as officials, households, rites, soldiers, punishment, and workers. The ministers and ministers were the chief and Deputy officers

[bachelor] in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, he was in charge of ceremonies and compilation. After the Tang Dynasty, he became the Secretary and consultant of the emperor and took part in confidential activities, so he was called "internal minister". In Ming and Qing Dynasties, Feng, Shi, Shiyue, editing, shujishi were also academicians, but they were different from those in Tang and Song dynasties<

[Shangqing] in the official system of the Zhou Dynasty, the emperor and the princes all had Qing, which was divided into upper, middle and lower levels, and the most noble was called "Shangqing"

[general] in the pre Qin and Western Han Dynasties, it was the highest title of general. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, it graally became an empty title without a real job. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the post of general was set up ring the war, and was abolished after the war< As one of the highest administrative officers in the Tang and Song Dynasties, shenzhengshi, together with Tongping Zhangshi, Shumi envoy and Shumi Deputy envoy, is also called "Zai"<

[Minister of military aircraft] the military aircraft department was an administrative organ assisting the emperor in the Qing Dynasty. There is no fixed number of personnel in the post. Generally, Prince, bachelor, minister, servant or Jingtang hold the post concurrently, which is called military aircraft minister. There are three or four military aircraft ministers at least and six or seven at most. They are called "pivot ministers"<

[censor] originally a historian, Qin had a post of censor doctor, next only to the prime minister, who was in charge of impeachment and fault detection< The chief of the Privy Council. The Privy Council is one of the highest state organs in charge of the military and state affairs. The power of the Privy Council is equal to that of the prime minister. In the Qing Dynasty, the military minister is often called "Privy Council"

[zuotu] the official name of Chu state in the Warring States period is similar to that of later generations. The main ty is to admonish the emperor and recommend talents

[Taiwei] the name of an official post before the Yuan Dynasty. He was the highest military officer to assist the emperor, and was called Da Sima in Han Dynasty. Song Dynasty was the highest military officer<

[Shangfu] the official name of the pre Qin Dynasty is lower than Qing

[doctor] the contents of each dynasty are not the same, sometimes they can refer to the important positions of the central authorities< In the old time, it refers to officials or intellectuals with high prestige and status<

[Taishi] in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the spring and Autumn period, he was a high-ranking official in charge of drafting documents, ordering princes and officials, recording historical events, and also in charge of classics, calendar, sacrifice and other matters. After the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Taishi order was set up, and the scope of its ties became smaller and its status became lower<

[Chang Shi] he was an official under the prime minister in the Qin Dynasty, and became an official under the general after the Han Dynasty

[Shi Lang] was a court official at first. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, he became a subordinate official of Shangshu. In the Tang Dynasty, Shi Lang was the deputy of the ministers of the three provinces (Zhongshu, menxia and Shangshu)<

[Shi Zhong] used to be one of the additional officials in addition to the regular official position. As a result of the emperor's service, his status graally increased, and his rank surpassed that of his servant. After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, they often became de facto prime ministers

[doctor] he was a court guard in the Warring States period. From the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, he became a senior official under the Secretary of state and the minister, and was in charge of the affairs of various departments<

[join the Army] the abbreviation of "staff and military affairs" was initially the military staff of the prime minister. After the Jin Dynasty, his status graally declined and he became the staff of kings and generals. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, he graally became a local official< [Ling Yin] ring the Warring States period, the officer in charge of the military and political power of the state of Chu was equivalent to the prime minister. Ming and Qing Dynasties refers to the county magistrate<

[Duwei] is a military officer inferior to a general

[Sima] the official positions in different dynasties were different. During the Warring States period, he was an adjutant in charge of military administration and military taxes<

[Jieshi] the general manager of military and political affairs of several states in Tang Dynasty was originally only located in the border states; Later, the mainland was set up all over the country, resulting in the situation of separatist regime, so it was called "vassal town" in the world

[jinglueshi] is also referred to as "JINGLUE". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, he was a military officer of the frontier defense, juxtaposed with the governor. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, when there were important military tasks, they set up a special administration, and the official position was higher than that of the governor< After the Eastern Han Dynasty, it became the highest military and political officer of the prefecture, sometimes called the Taishou< At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, it refers to the place where the officials of the capital inspected. In the Qing Dynasty, he became the governor of the province, and his position was slightly inferior to that of the governor. He was also known as "Fuyuan", "Futai" and "Fujun"<

[Xiaowei] in the Han Dynasty, he was inferior to a general<

[coach] an officer who coaches martial arts in the Song Dynasty<

[Ti jurisdiction] the official name of the military officer of the state and county in Song Dynasty, who was in charge of training the army, supervising the arrest of thieves and other affairs<

[engaged in] the subordinates appointed by the central or local leaders themselves, also known as "engaged staff"

[Prefecture magistrate] is also called "Prefecture magistrate"<

[county magistrate] the chief executive of a county, also known as "magistrate"<

[Lizheng] ancient local officials, that is, the length of one li<

[Lixu] is the person who manages the affairs of the village<

[Duwei] is a military officer inferior to a general Chen she's family: "Chen she became a general and Wu Guang was a Duwei." "The Duke of Pei has come out, and Chen Ping, the commander of the Xiang King's envoy, called the Duke of PEI."
[Fuqing] another name for Taipusi Qing, who was in charge of the emperor's chariots, horses and livestock In the epitaph of five people, it is said that "the virtuous scholar and official is the Duke of Wu because of the Qing Dynasty". The word "Yin" is Wu Mo's word
[Sima] the official positions in different dynasties were different. During the Warring States period, he was an adjutant in charge of military administration and military Fu, such as "Hongmenyan": "the Duke of Pei Zuo Sima Cao Wushang said." In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, he was a subordinate official of the prefect (governor). For example, in Pipa Xing, "in the 10th year of Yuanhe, he moved to Jiujiang county." Bai Juyi was demoted to Jiujiang at that time, and was under the long history of Biejia
[Jieshi] in the Tang Dynasty, the general manager of military and political affairs in several States was originally only located in the border states; Later, the mainland was set up all over the country, resulting in the situation of separatist regime, so it was called "vassal town" in the world The fourth chapter of a dream of Red Mansions: "Yucun is in a hurry to repair the second letter and join Jia Zheng as the festival envoy of Jingying, Wang Ziteng."
[jinglueshi] is also referred to as "JINGLUE". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, he was a military officer of the frontier defense, juxtaposed with the governor. For example, Fan Zhongyan once served in Shaanxi

10. The majestic Hugong mountain, Qingqing Lanxi water. Hugong mountains and waters are pregnant with this magical land. Since Chen Dynasty, Zheng Lu "opened Pu to learn", here is the cradle of talents
Putian has a long history and a large number of talents. It was once known as "Zou Lu on the seashore" and "famous literature nation". Since the Tang Dynasty, more than 2 345 Jinshi, 12 top scholars and 14 prime ministers have emerged in more than 1200 years. There are 98 people in the Twenty-Four Histories of China, and 99 works of Xinghua people have been included in Siku Quanshu. There are such romantic stories as "a family of nine assassins", "a family of five scholars", "a family of six Jinshi", "two top scholars in one discipline", "kuiya Zhan shuangbiao", "two prime ministers of brothers", "six Shangshu Zhan wubu", "father and son brothers being officials in the same Dynasty". They are just like brilliant stars, twinkling in the Milky way of history, leading each other and setting an example for future generations< From the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, Lin Pi (733-802 A.D.) was named MAOZe and Maoyan. He was born in Putian County. In the 11th year of Tang Tianbao (752), he was promoted to the throne in the Ming Dynasty. He was appointed as the general music order, the governor of Zhangzhou, the governor of Lizhou (now Lixian County, Hunan Province), and the governor of Kangzhou (now Deqing, Guangdong Province). He was demoted to Cao Chuan in linting county and changed to the governor of Linjiang (now Zhongxian County, Sichuan Province). Later, he was granted the state magistrate of linting. Finally, the crown prince and Suzhou farewell driver were awarded purple goldfish bag and Shangzhu kingdom. Lin Pi has nine sons, all of whom are officials to the censor, known as the "nine Mu Lin family"<

Xu Yin (unknown year of birth and death) was born in Licheng District. In the first year of qianning (894) of the Tang Dynasty, the Jinshi was elected, and in the first year of Liang Kaiping (907), the Jinshi was tried again. Because Taizu of Liang pointed out the sentence "Three Emperors and five emperors do not die where to return" in his "life geometry Fu" and asked it to be rewritten, Xu Yin replied: "ministers would rather have no officials, Fu can not be changed", Taizu angrily cut its name book. After returning to the East, the king of Fujian examined and appointed the officials and secretaries. After returning home, he lived in seclusion. Xu zhengziji is included in Sikuquanshu of Qing Dynasty, and the poems are also included in quantangshi<

Huang Tao (840-911 A.D.) was a native of Licheng District. In the second year of emperor qianning of Tang Dynasty (895), he became a Jinshi and was a doctor of four branches of the state. Because of the eunuch's disorderly administration, he abandoned his position and returned to his hometown. Wang Shen knew that he was in charge of Fujian Province, and he played the role of Li Xing, the imperial censor, as a governor of the powerful army. Huang Tao is a famous poet in the late Tang Dynasty. The whole Tang poetry contains more than 100 poems. He also edited 30 volumes of the collection of beautiful sentences in Quanshan, a collection of poems by fujianren in Tang Dynasty, which played a certain role in the protection of Fujian culture. He was an early litterateur in Putian, known as the "ancestor of articles" in central Fujian. His works Huang Yushi Ji were included in Si Ku Quan Shu and series collection< Weng chengzan (859-932 A.D.) was named Wenyao. He lived in zhuxiaozhuang, xingfuli, Putian County (now Zhuzhuang village, Beigao town), and later moved to qilinli (now Qilin village, Xincuo Township, Fuqing county). Tang Dazhong was born in 859. In the third year of qianning reign in Tang Dynasty (896), Cheng Zan was selected as a visiting envoy as the third Jinshi. He was taught to join the army by Jing Zhaoyin, who was a member of the Ministry of household affairs. In the fourth year of Tianyou (907), Zhu Quanzhong usurped the independence of Tang Dynasty and became the national name of Liang. In the fourth year of Kaiping (910), Wang Shen was canonized as the king of Fujian by taking chengzan as the official envoy. He followed his son Qian Du, and the official Zuo buque. Qian Du had six sons: Chu Hou, Chu Gong, Chu Yi, Chu Pu, Chu Lian, and Chu Xiu. They successively became Jinshi in Song Jianlong (960-963), Kaibao (968-976), and Yongxi (948-987). At that time, it was called "Liugui Lianfang". The "Liugui Temple" built in the Song Dynasty still exists today (in Qingzhong village of Huangshi town)<

Chen Hongjin (914-985 A.D.) was born in Fengting, Xianyou County. Born in the army, he joined Quanzhou commander Liu Congxiao and was granted the capital of Mabu army by Wang Yanzheng. In 945 A.D., Quanzhou set up Qingyuan army, and Chen Hongjin was transferred to Qingyuan unified army envoy. Later, he was promoted to Qingyuan army and served as observation envoy of Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. In 975, after Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, Chen Hongjin judged the situation and conformed to the historical trend. In 978, 14 counties under the jurisdiction of Xianquan and Zhangzhou were included in the territory of the Song Dynasty, making positive contributions to the reunification of the country, and was awarded the title of Tongping Zhangshi. In the following year, with Taizong recovering Taiyuan, he was granted the title of Duke of Qi and Duke of Qi by Jin Dynasty, and his mansion was granted in Xiangfu County of Kaifeng. In 985 ad, he died of illness, and the imperial court abolished the dynasty for two days. Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty presented Zhongshu order with posthumous title of "Zhongshun" and was granted the title of Nankang county king of the East China Sea

Lin Mo (960-987 A.D.) was born in Putian County. She was the 12th daughter of Wang linlu in Jin'an county (now Fuzhou City, Fujian Province) in Jin Dynasty, and was the queen of jiumulin, a famous family in central Fujian in Tang Dynasty. His father, Lin Weiqu, was an official in charge of inspection, and lived on Meizhou Island (now Meizhou Island, Putian City, Fujian Province). Lin Mo was born on March 23, the first year of Jianlong in Song Dynasty. Born to the moon, do not hear the cry; It is called "Mo" because of its name. She was intelligent from childhood, not like other girls; At the age of eight, he was taught by a teacher in a private school; At the age of ten, he began to enjoy burning incense and worshiping Buddhist scriptures. Since childhood, I have been accustomed to water. I am good at sailing and swimming. I am familiar with weather and sea lanes. Since the age of 16, he has been determined not to marry, and has been known as "Shengu" especially for businessmen and fishermen. Song Yongxi four years (AD 987) in the lunar calendar in September 9 Shi died. Soon, the township will set up an ancestral temple on Meizhou Island, named "Tongxian lingnu" and honored as "Mazu" or "niangma", and set March 23 as "Mazu" festival every year. As a result, it became more and more deified, and was regarded as the "God of rescue at sea" by sea merchants and fishermen. In 1123 A.D., Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty first granted "Shunji" temple; In the Southern Song Dynasty, she was honored as "madam" and "imperial concubine" for many times; In the 18th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1281 A.D.), Tianfei was added. At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made seven voyages to the West and went back and forth safely. He once built the imperial palaces of Nanjing, Taicang and Changle and erected a monument to commemorate them; Qing Kangxi 23 years (AD 1684) into the "Queen.". So far, Mazu temples have been worshipped in many places at home and abroad<

CAI Xiang (A.D. 1011-1067) was a native of Fengting, Xianyou County, with the name of Junmo. Song Tiansheng eight years (1030) ascended Jinshi, at the age of 19. He has successively held the posts of admonishment, privy, LongTuge, Hanlin academy, three secretaries, Duanming palace, etc. Served as Fujian road transit envoy, learned Quanzhou, Fuzhou, Hangzhou, Kaifeng government affairs. He is upright and outspoken. In 1036, Fan Zhongyan and other four ministers were demoted because they opposed LV Yijian, the Prime Minister of power. Cai Xiang wrote a poem "four sages and one unworthy", criticizing this matter. He was famous at the age of 25. When he was a local official, he was concerned about the sufferings of the people, exempted from heavy taxes, built water conservancy projects, afforested official roads, prohibited vulgar customs, and benefited the people. In 1044, he reced the Dingkou tax in Fuzhou; As Quanzhou, he presided over the construction of the famous Luoyang Bridge (Wan'an bridge), which promoted the prosperity and development of Quanzhou trade. He also wrote "litchi spectrum" and "tea record" and other books, making outstanding contributions to tea and fruit cultivation Litchi genealogy is one of the earliest Monographs on fruit cultivation in the world. In recent years, it has been translated into English, French and other languages and spread abroad. He has a deep attainments in poetry and prose, and has been handed down from generation to generation in the collection of CAI Zhonghui's official documents; He is good at calligraphy and is as famous as Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fu. He is known as the four great masters of the Song Dynasty. His ink has been handed down from generation to generation. After the death of CAI Xiang, the great literary scientist Ouyang Xiu wrote an epitaph for him and buried him in Jinling, Fengting, Xianyou County<

Cai Jing (1047-1126 A.D.) was born in Fengting, Xianyou County. In the third year of Xining (1070) of the Northern Song Dynasty, he and his younger brother Cai Bian joined the ranks of Jinshi. He was the first captain of Qiantang (now Hangzhou City), Zhejiang Province, and the official of Shuzhou (now Qianshan, Anhui Province). Later, he served as an envoy to the state of Liao. After returning, he was promoted to Zhongshu Sheren. He once participated in and supported Wang Anshi's reform. In 1086, Sima Guang was appointed prime minister and abolished the new law of Wang Anshi. Cai Jing actively followed Sima Guang and was appreciated. In the first year of Shaosheng (1094), Cai Jing was appointed as the Minister of the household department. At this time, Sima Guang was dead. He helped Zhang Zhenxiang to implement the new law and the system of employment and servitude, which was appreciated by Zhang Zhenxiang. After Huizong ascended the throne, Cai Jing was demoted to be a Bachelor of LongTuge in Duanming palace, and later demoted to Hangzhou. After the first year of Chongning (1102), Cai Jing was re used. He successively held the posts of magistrate of Daming Prefecture, Minister of Hubu, zuocheng, youpushe, Taishi, etc., and became Prime Minister for five times. He tried his best to restore the new law, denounced the Yuan's right ministers as "treacherous parties", and set up a monument to the party's people, standing at the Duanli gate and the local government offices; He also advocated the idea of "prosperity and greatness of Henan Province". He built large-scale buildings, built palaces, set up Taoist temples, and increased the burden of the people. Cai Jing was exiled to Lingnan (now Guangzhou, Guangdong) by Emperor qinzong in Song Jingkang (1126), and died in Tanzhou (now Changsha, Hunan) on the way. He was 80 years old< Zheng Qiao (1104-1162 A.D.) was named Yuzhong. It is known as Mr. Jia Ji and Mr. Xi Xi in the world. He is from Hanjiang District. He is a famous historian in the Southern Song Dynasty. When he was 16 years old, his elder brother Zheng Hou studied hard in Jielu at the foot of Yuewang mountain. He read a lot of books and did not take the imperial examination. He was determined to "combine all the books in the world into one book.". He has written books for 30 years, searched and visited books for 10 years, and left 81 works of more than 900 volumes in his life. He was the first to establish the system of Chinese general history, and wrote 200 volumes of general annals with more than 5 million words, which was called "three links in the world" together with you's general dictionary and Ma anlin's general textual research on literature, and was highly praised by later generations General annals, Erya notes, Jiaji manuscripts and Liujing consensus are all included in Siku Quanshu<

Ye Yuye (1100-1167 A.D.) was born in Xianyou County. He was a Jinshi in 1132, the second year of Shaoxing in Song Dynasty. At the beginning, he served as the chief of Nanhai county (now the northern part of Pearl River Delta in Guangdong Province) and acting County captain, and later he learned about Changzhou (now Changzhou City in Jiangsu Province). Xiaozong ascended the throne, called for the minister Lang and Yousi Jian, Li Li Shi Lang, acting Minister Li. In the first year of Qian (1165), he was appointed as a secretary of the Privy Council, a Bachelor of Duanming palace, a counselor and a secretary of the Privy Council. In the following year, he was dismissed, and then called to be the minister Zuo pushe. After his death, he gave his posthumous title "Zhengjian" to Shaoshi. Ye Yuye is simple, honest and just, strict with himself, and does not seek personal interests. From the beginning of his official career to his prime minister, Tian and Zhai did not change their old style< Chen Junqing (1113-1186) was born in Licheng District of Putian City. Song Shaoxing eight years (1138) Jinshi second, awarded Quanzhou observation Tui official. Professor Hou Zong, a professor of the Imperial Academy, used the school book and Lang Zhao to monitor the imperial history and the imperial service. He refused to attach himself to Qin Hui, advocated resistance to Jin and opposed peace. When Xiaozong ascended the throne, he was very important. He moved to the middle of the Yangtze River to serve as a magistrate of Xuanfu and an agent of Jiankang prefecture (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). In the first year of Qian (1165), he entered Beijing as a minister of the Ministry of official affairs and studied the history of the state. In the fourth year of Qian reign (1168), he was appointed prime minister, taking the selection of talents as his ty. Chunxi eight years (1181), written home. Before his death, he wrote in calligraphy to show his sons not to pray for grace and not to ask for posthumous steles. After his death, Emperor Xiaozong presented him with a posthumous title. Zhu Xi came all the way to Putian to express his condolence and write a statement for him<

Lin Guangchao (1114-1178 A.D.) was born in Licheng District. He was a Jinshi in the first year of song Longxing (1163). In his early years, Zhou Dunyi, a famous Confucianist of Neo Confucianism, was a true biography of Lianluo school. He taught in Putian Dongjing, Hongquan, puliang and other schools. Later scholars called him "Hongquan school" and respected him as "nanfuzi". He was a famous Confucianist. He served as the son of the state to offer wine and the prince Zuo Yude. He was the Minister of the Ministry of instry at the end of the official period and was posthumously named Wenjie. Aixuan anthology is included in Sikuquanshu
Zheng Qiao (1132 AD)