Ethereum is not doing well this year

1.

There is an essential difference between Ethereum and bitcoin. What is the difference? Bitcoin defines a set of currency system, while Ethereum focuses on building a main chain (which can be understood as a road) to allow a large number of blockchain applications to run on this road

from this point of view, Ethereum's application scenarios are more extensive, which is why we say that Ethereum marks a simple monetary system in the era of blockchain

1.0, and a transformation to other instries and application scenarios in the era of blockchain 2.0

however, there is no perfect thing in the world. Although Ethereum has expanded the application scope of blockchain in all walks of life and improved the speed of transaction processing, it also has some disputes and doubts

first, the solution to the lack of scalability of Ethereum: slicing technology and lightning network

the bottom design of Ethereum, the biggest problem is that Ethereum has only one chain and no side chain, which means that all programs have to run on this chain equally, consuming resources and causing system congestion. Just like last year's very popular Ethereum game "encryption cat", when this game was very popular, it once caused Ethereum network paralysis

to improve the processing capacity, Ethereum proposes two ways: shard and lightning network. Let's introce these two technologies respectively

(1) fragmentation technology

vitalik buterin, founder of Ethereum, believes that the reason why mainstream blockchain networks such as bitcoin process transactions very slowly is that every miner has to process every transaction in the whole network, which is actually very inefficient. The idea of fragmentation technology is: a transaction does not need to be processed by all nodes in the whole network, as long as some nodes (miners) in the network are allowed to process it. Therefore, Ethereum network is divided into many pieces. At the same time, each piece can handle different transactions. In this way, the network performance will be greatly improved

however, the slicing technology is also controversial. As we all know, the important idea of blockchain technology is decentralization. Only when the whole network witnesses (processes) the same transaction can it have the highest authority. The Ethereum slicing technology is similar to the group witness, not all nodes witness together. In this way, it will lose the absolute "decentralization" attribute, and can only achieve the purpose of high performance by sacrificing certain characteristics of decentralization

(2) lightning network

lightning network uses the way of transaction under the chain. What does that mean? It means: when the participants of lightning network transfer money to each other, they do not need to confirm the transaction through the main chain of Ethereum, but create a payment channel between the participants and complete it under the chain

however, lightning network is not separated from the main chain. Before establishing a payment channel, you need to use the assets on the main chain as collateral to generate a balance proof, which indicates that you can transfer the corresponding balance. In the case that both parties of the transaction hold the balance certificate, both parties can make unlimited number of transfers under the chain through the payment channel

only when the off chain transaction is completed and the assets need to be transferred back to the chain, the balance change information of the main chain account will be registered on the Ethereum main chain, and no matter how many transactions occur ring this period, there will be no record on the main chain

another real benefit of lightning network is that it can save the cost of miners for you. At present, when we trade on the main chain of Ethereum, we need to consume gas and pay for miners. Once we move the transaction to the lower chain, we can save this part of the cost

Of course, lightning network is not perfect. When using the lightning network, the assets on the main chain should be used as collateral; And this part of assets as collateral can not be used before the user completes the transaction under the chain. This also determines that lightning trading is only suitable for small transactions

the above is the problem of insufficient scalability of Ethereum, as well as the two main solutions: fragmentation technology and lightning network

Second, there are loopholes in Ethereum's smart contract and the infamous Dao event

Ethereum's smart contract is very powerful, but there are loopholes in any code. The biggest controversy of Ethereum's smart contract lies in the so-called loopholes, that is, security issues. According to relevant research, 34200 (about 3%) of the nearly 1 million smart contracts based on Ethereum contain security vulnerabilities, which will allow hackers to steal eth, freeze assets or delete contracts, such as the infamous Dao incident

(1) what does Dao mean

before introcing the Dao event, let's first introce what Dao is. Dao is the abbreviation of decentralized

autonomous organization, which can be understood as decentralized autonomous organization. From the perspective of Ethereum, Dao is a kind of contract or a combination of contracts on the blockchain, which is used to replace the government's review and complex intermediate proceres, so as to achieve an efficient and decentralized trust system. Therefore, Dao is not a specific organization, that is to say, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao

(2) the infamous Dao event

however, when we talk about Dao now, we basically refer to the Dao event, that is, the infamous hacker attack event we just mentioned. As we know, the English word "the" refers to "the Dao event". The Dao event

refers to "the Dao event", because we just said that Dao is not a specific organization, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao

in 2016, slock.it, a German company focusing on "smart locks", launched the Dao project on Ethereum in order to realize decentralized physical exchange (such as apartments and ships). Since April 30, 2016, the financing window has been open for 28 days

unexpectedly, this Dao project is very popular. It raised more than US $100 million in just half a month. By the end of the whole financing period, it raised a total of US $150 million. Therefore, it has become the largest crowdfunding project in history. However, it didn't last long. In June, hackers took advantage of the loopholes in the smart contract to successfully transfer more than 3.6 million Ethernet coins and put them into a Dao sub organization, which has the same structure as the Dao. At that time, the price of Ethernet currency fell directly from more than $20 to less than $13

this event shows that there are loopholes in smart contracts, and once the loopholes are exploited by hackers, the consequences will be very serious. This is why many people criticize Ethereum and say that its smart contract is not smart

to solve this problem, many foreign companies begin to provide code audit services in order to solve the vulnerability problem of smart contract. From a technical point of view, some teams are currently testing smart contracts. Most of these teams are led by professors from Harvard, Stanford and Yale, and some of them have obtained investment from leading institutions

in addition to the problems of insufficient expansibility and loopholes in smart contracts, the controversy over Ethereum lies in the POS consensus mechanism it pursues, that is, the proof of equity mechanism. Under the proof of equity mechanism, if anyone holds more money and holds it for a longer time, he will get more "rights" (interests) and have the opportunity to get bookkeeping power, Bookkeeping can also be rewarded. In this way, it is easy to create the oligarchic advantage of "the stronger the stronger"

Another problem is the chaos of ICO. ICO is a common way to raise funds for blockchain projects, which we can understand as pre-sale. The outbreak of ICO projects on Ethereum has caused illegal activities such as fund allocation and money fraud under the banner of ICO, which has caused security risks to social and financial stability

2. Ethereum blockchain has exposed three major problems, and its founder vitalik buterin has been unable to interpret them for a long time. The first is the low performance and TPS of Ethereum blockchain as a whole; The second is that resources are not isolated. The event of cryptokitties virtual cat once occupied 20% of the traffic of the whole Ethereum, which directly caused Ethereum network users unable to carry out timely transactions, which is the biggest pain point of resources not isolated; The third problem lies in the embodiment of Ethereum's governance structure. As a decentralized distributed ledger, the founder team of Ethereum has dominated its network development in the past. The over centralized governance mode has led to the bifurcation of eth, etc and ETF in Ethereum, and the Ethereum community is now in a state of fragmented governance. In the view of Ma Haobo, founder and CEO of "aelf", all kinds of disadvantages of Ethereum are unacceptable. Therefore, the positioning of "aelf" is born for the next generation of decentralized underlying computing platform of Ethereum, which focuses on solving the problems of insufficient performance, non isolation of resources and governance structure of Ethereum.

3. Really, Ethereum itself is a kind of virtual digital currency. When trading, it is a string of numbers. How can there be a fake? ZB trading has been going on for many years

4. In fact, the rise and fall of digital currency is a normal situation. The key is to see whether you are optimistic about its long-term value. Relatively speaking, if the long-term value is worth investing in, then the short-term decline can be ignored. At the same time, if you don't know much about digital currency users, it is recommended to choose a reliable and good platform for investment. The investment period needs more than six years, Word of mouth should always be good, you can take a look at AEX, fire coin these two, but also more reliable, you can also understand their own network first

5. 2020 is the first year of proction rection. Everyone turns to BTC, BCH, BSV and other currencies. However, you forget eth. As the king of the public chain, ETH will usher in the big upgrade of 2.0 super version in 2020, switching from the pow mechanism to the POS mechanism. In addition, it will face proction rection in March next year, and its circulation will be reced by 10 times. Its impact is no less than that of bitcoin proction. Since the beginning of the year, the trading volume of eth has grown explosively, and the institutional capital has poured in to preempt the layout. However, the current price of eth is only 260 US dollars. With many super favorable blessings, the market expects eth to usher in a super bull market< In theory, the circulation of next year will be reced by 10 times. In theory, the current price of eth is 260x4 = US $1040 (upgrade + expected price after proction rection)

ring this period, the return comparison between holding spot and ETF fund is as follows:

1. Holding spot makes 4 times of profit
2. Holding Ethereum ETF fund makes 12 times of profit, Up to 30 times (intelligent position adjustment + fund compound interest calculation)

there is no doubt that the Ethereum ETF launched by bitoffer is the best investment choice!

6. On June 12, 2017, the price of Ethernet currency broke through $400, a record high. From $8 in February 2017 to $400 on June 15, 2017, the price of Ethernet currency has increased 50 times. However, in the past two years, the currency circle has entered a bear market, and the price of Ethereum has fallen sharply. Now it is still an opportunity to short Ethereum. Investors can log on to the bitnet exchange and participate in Ethereum's short trading.

7. The bottom line of Ethereum will never drop to US $20 to US $40 in the short term. All currencies that have experienced private placement will be so involved in the public chain of Ethereum and other smart contracts unless they are directly removed from the shelves. There are still more than 20 days before the end of the year. At present, the possibility is almost zero

Ethereum's short-term performance is still strong, and the $100 psychological barrier has not been broken. Even at the low point of $3650, bitcoin is struggling to maintain at $101. In the future, if bitcoin continues to fall, the effective support point below it will be around $78. However, if the topic says $20 to $40, bitcoin will return to more than $2000, or the targeted counterfeit token is bad. But at present, these two points are not realistic

many investors think that Ethereum and other mainstream currencies are very unlikely to return to zero at present, and there are not many orders in the futures market, so it is not profitable for the main trading to fall down at this time. Even if he has enough empty orders himself, no fish will take the t, and it is difficult to level them all, And the spot price is to follow the futures, Ethereum futures, if there is no intention to fall, the spot will only cross

secondly, even if Ethereum eth really falls to such a level in the future, it is also based on the premise that most of the counterfeit coins are returned to zero or removed from the shelves. Because in a strict sense, Ethereum is the strongest backing of many counterfeit coins. Now, with the reshuffle of the bear market accelerating the process of the demise of counterfeit coins, more and more counterfeit coins are taken off the shelves, which will also affect Ethereum in terms of capital, but it will take a process, which will not be achieved overnight. From the time node, at least it will be next year.

8.

Yesterday, according to the data of okcoin, a well-known domestic digital asset trading platform, the bitcoin price continued to decline in the previous trading day after the opening. The lowest price fell to 18587 in the early session of Asian market, and then stopped falling and rebounded. By the end of the day, the bitcoin price had rebounded to near the opening price. As of today's press release, prices fluctuated in a narrow range around yesterday's closing price, with the latest trading near 19560

within the day, at the 4-hour level, the moving average system (5, 10, 20) continued to maintain a good short position, but after the price broke 2220 support, there was no large-scale downward trend, but the long shadow K line was closed for many times, and the MACD index also showed that the downward momentum was limited here; At the 1-hour level, MA60 is an important pressure line for the current round of decline. The price has been supported twice in a row at the 2150 level. The rebound needs to first pay attention to the resistance effect of MA60

Analysts of okcoin bank said that 2220, as an important support platform, plays an important role in the long short price situation. At present, there is a false breakthrough signal at this price, indicating that this price support is still effective. Radical investors can consider the light position intervention bullish, the top first focus on 1 hour chart MA60 pressure, blocked obviously leave the market, large-scale break hold to see the next pressure near 2400

9.

The annual examination of driver's license is handled by the local vehicle management office

According to Article 71 of the regulations on the application and use of motor vehicle driver's license, the examination contents of motor vehicle driver's license include: (1) handling of road traffic safety violations and traffic accidents

(2) physical condition

(3) the score of road traffic safety violations and the situation of learning and examination after 12 points

drivers who hold large bus, tractor, city bus, medium-sized bus and large truck driver's license and have scores in one scoring cycle, and drivers who hold other driving license of permitted vehicle type and cause death in traffic accidents, and bear the same or more responsibilities, but have not been revoked, shall participate in the examination of road traffic safety laws and regulations for no less than three hours Learn the knowledge of traffic safety, civilized driving, emergency disposal, and accept the warning ecation of traffic accident cases

those who have not dealt with traffic violations or traffic accidents, whose physical conditions do not meet the driving license conditions, or who have not participated in the study, ecation and examination according to the regulations shall not pass the examination

extended data

according to the provisions on the application and use of motor vehicle driver's license:

Article 56 within the six-year validity period of motor vehicle driver's license, motor vehicle driver's license with 10-year validity period shall be renewed if 12 points are not recorded in each scoring cycle; Within the ten-year validity period of a motor vehicle driver's license, those who have not scored 12 points in each scoring cycle shall be issued with a long-term valid motor vehicle driver's license

Article 57 a motor vehicle driver shall, within 90 days before the expiration of the validity period of his motor vehicle driver's license, apply to the place where the motor vehicle driver's license is issued or to the vehicle administration office outside the place where the motor vehicle driver's license is issued for a license replacement. When applying, the applicant shall fill in the application form and submit the following certificates and certificates:

(1) the identity certificate of the motor vehicle driver

(2) motor vehicle driving license

(3) certificates of physical conditions issued by medical institutions at or above the county level or regiment level. If it is a small automatic passenger car for the disabled, the certificate of physical condition issued by a special medical institution designated by the Provincial Department of health shall be submitted

10. Ethereum is known as the strongest public chain, but this year's price performance is really good. I bought Ethereum on Bitz after a big drop.