Ethereum solves network congestion

1. ethereum is really congested at present, and the miners' fees given by the platform are insufficient, which leads to the situation that you are talking about being stuck in the block. But don't worry, this transaction will certainly continue, but the time is slow. If it is BTC, it can also speed up

2.

There is an essential difference between Ethereum and bitcoin. What is the difference? Bitcoin defines a set of currency system, while Ethereum focuses on building a main chain (which can be understood as a road) to allow a large number of blockchain applications to run on this road

from this point of view, Ethereum's application scenarios are more extensive, which is why we say that Ethereum marks a simple monetary system in the era of blockchain

1.0, and a transformation to other instries and application scenarios in the era of blockchain 2.0

however, there is no perfect thing in the world. Although Ethereum has expanded the application scope of blockchain in all walks of life and improved the speed of transaction processing, it also has some disputes and doubts

first, the solution to the lack of scalability of Ethereum: slicing technology and lightning network

the bottom design of Ethereum, the biggest problem is that Ethereum has only one chain and no side chain, which means that all programs have to run on this chain equally, consuming resources and causing system congestion. Just like last year's very popular Ethereum game "encryption cat", when this game was very popular, it once caused Ethereum network paralysis

to improve the processing capacity, Ethereum proposes two ways: shard and lightning network. Let's introce these two technologies respectively

(1) fragmentation technology

vitalik buterin, founder of Ethereum, believes that the reason why mainstream blockchain networks such as bitcoin process transactions very slowly is that every miner has to process every transaction in the whole network, which is actually very inefficient. The idea of fragmentation technology is: a transaction does not need to be processed by all nodes in the whole network, as long as some nodes (miners) in the network are allowed to process it. Therefore, Ethereum network is divided into many pieces. At the same time, each piece can handle different transactions. In this way, the network performance will be greatly improved

however, the slicing technology is also controversial. As we all know, the important idea of blockchain technology is decentralization. Only when the whole network witnesses (processes) the same transaction can it have the highest authority. The Ethereum slicing technology is similar to the group witness, not all nodes witness together. In this way, it will lose the absolute "decentralization" attribute, and can only achieve the purpose of high performance by sacrificing certain characteristics of decentralization

(2) lightning network

lightning network uses the way of transaction under the chain. What does that mean? It means: when the participants of lightning network transfer money to each other, they do not need to confirm the transaction through the main chain of Ethereum, but create a payment channel between the participants and complete it under the chain

however, lightning network is not separated from the main chain. Before establishing a payment channel, you need to use the assets on the main chain as collateral to generate a balance proof, which indicates that you can transfer the corresponding balance. In the case that both parties of the transaction hold the balance certificate, both parties can make unlimited number of transfers under the chain through the payment channel

only when the off chain transaction is completed and the assets need to be transferred back to the chain, the balance change information of the main chain account will be registered on the Ethereum main chain, and no matter how many transactions occur ring this period, there will be no record on the main chain

another real benefit of lightning network is that it can save the cost of miners for you. At present, when we trade on the main chain of Ethereum, we need to consume gas and pay for miners. Once we move the transaction to the lower chain, we can save this part of the cost

Of course, lightning network is not perfect. When using the lightning network, the assets on the main chain should be used as collateral; And this part of assets as collateral can not be used before the user completes the transaction under the chain. This also determines that lightning trading is only suitable for small transactions

the above is the problem of insufficient scalability of Ethereum, as well as the two main solutions: fragmentation technology and lightning network

Second, there are loopholes in Ethereum's smart contract and the infamous Dao event

Ethereum's smart contract is very powerful, but there are loopholes in any code. The biggest controversy of Ethereum's smart contract lies in the so-called loopholes, that is, security issues. According to relevant research, 34200 (about 3%) of the nearly 1 million smart contracts based on Ethereum contain security vulnerabilities, which will allow hackers to steal eth, freeze assets or delete contracts, such as the infamous Dao incident

(1) what does Dao mean

before introcing the Dao event, let's first introce what Dao is. Dao is the abbreviation of decentralized

autonomous organization, which can be understood as decentralized autonomous organization. From the perspective of Ethereum, Dao is a kind of contract or a combination of contracts on the blockchain, which is used to replace the government's review and complex intermediate proceres, so as to achieve an efficient and decentralized trust system. Therefore, Dao is not a specific organization, that is to say, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao

(2) the infamous Dao event

however, when we talk about Dao now, we basically refer to the Dao event, that is, the infamous hacker attack event we just mentioned. As we know, the English word "the" refers to "the Dao event". The Dao event

refers to "the Dao event", because we just said that Dao is not a specific organization, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao

in 2016, slock.it, a German company focusing on "smart locks", launched the Dao project on Ethereum in order to realize decentralized physical exchange (such as apartments and ships). Since April 30, 2016, the financing window has been open for 28 days

unexpectedly, this Dao project is very popular. It raised more than US $100 million in just half a month. By the end of the whole financing period, it raised a total of US $150 million. Therefore, it has become the largest crowdfunding project in history. However, it didn't last long. In June, hackers took advantage of the loopholes in the smart contract to successfully transfer more than 3.6 million Ethernet coins and put them into a Dao sub organization, which has the same structure as the Dao. At that time, the price of Ethernet currency fell directly from more than $20 to less than $13

this event shows that there are loopholes in smart contracts, and once the loopholes are exploited by hackers, the consequences will be very serious. This is why many people criticize Ethereum and say that its smart contract is not smart

to solve this problem, many foreign companies begin to provide code audit services in order to solve the vulnerability problem of smart contract. From a technical point of view, some teams are currently testing smart contracts. Most of these teams are led by professors from Harvard, Stanford and Yale, and some of them have obtained investment from leading institutions

in addition to the problems of insufficient expansibility and loopholes in smart contracts, the controversy over Ethereum lies in the POS consensus mechanism it pursues, that is, the proof of equity mechanism. Under the proof of equity mechanism, if anyone holds more money and holds it for a longer time, he will get more "rights" (interests) and have the opportunity to get bookkeeping power, Bookkeeping can also be rewarded. In this way, it is easy to create the oligarchic advantage of "the stronger the stronger"

Another problem is the chaos of ICO. ICO is a common way to raise funds for blockchain projects, which we can understand as pre-sale. The outbreak of ICO projects on Ethereum has caused illegal activities such as fund allocation and money fraud under the banner of ICO, which has caused security risks to social and financial stability

3. Ethereum blockchain has exposed three major problems, and its founder vitalik buterin has been unable to interpret them for a long time. The first is the low performance and TPS of Ethereum blockchain as a whole; The second is that resources are not isolated. The event of cryptokitties virtual cat once occupied 20% of the traffic of the whole Ethereum, which directly caused Ethereum network users unable to carry out timely transactions, which is the biggest pain point of resources not isolated; The third problem lies in the embodiment of Ethereum's governance structure. As a decentralized distributed ledger, the founder team of Ethereum has dominated its network development in the past. The over centralized governance mode has led to the bifurcation of eth, etc and ETF in Ethereum, and the Ethereum community is now in a state of fragmented governance. In the view of Ma Haobo, founder and CEO of "aelf", all kinds of disadvantages of Ethereum are unacceptable. Therefore, the positioning of "aelf" is born for the next generation of decentralized underlying computing platform of Ethereum, which focuses on solving the problems of insufficient performance, non isolation of resources and governance structure of Ethereum.

4. In fact, the rise and fall of digital currency is a normal situation. The key is to see whether you are optimistic about its long-term value. Relatively speaking, if the long-term value is worth investing in, then the short-term decline can be ignored. At the same time, if you don't know much about digital currency users, it is recommended to choose a reliable and good platform for investment. The investment period needs more than six years, Word of mouth should always be good, you can take a look at AEX, fire coin these two, but also more reliable, you can also understand their own network first

5. Ethereum can be said to be a very successful currency in technology. In a short period of time, it has formed a trend of convergence. No matter in the technical level or in the market level, it has received global support, and the applications developed around it are emerging in an endless stream. At present, its price has been hovering at 3000 yuan for nearly half a month. I believe that with the progress of the bifurcation, its price is likely to exceed 4000 yuan by the end of the year. As the second largest market value of blockchain projects and bitcoin projects, its value is obviously likely to rise

Ethereum uses fog computing. The data processing and applications of fog computing are concentrated in the devices at the edge of the network, rather than almost all stored in the cloud, which is an extension concept of cloud computing, which is more in line with the spirit of decentralization of blockchain. If all the storage and operations still stay on the centralized server, then it will not be a real blockchain
recently, the hot "ethereal cat" on Ethereum network has led to the congestion of Ethereum network. The problem is that the TPS concurrency per second of Ethereum is too low. The emergence of ethereumfog with fog computing will break the embarrassing situation of Ethereum network congestion, and add powerful decentralized storage and additional computing power to the chain.

6. Ethereum can be said to be a very successful currency in technology. In a short period of time, it has formed a trend of convergence. No matter in the technical level or in the market level, it has received global support, and the applications developed around it are emerging in an endless stream. At present, its price has been hovering at 3000 yuan for nearly half a month. I believe that with the progress of the bifurcation, its price is likely to exceed 4000 yuan by the end of the year. As the second largest market value of blockchain projects and bitcoin projects, its value is obviously likely to rise

Ethereum uses fog computing. The data processing and applications of fog computing are concentrated in the devices at the edge of the network, rather than almost all stored in the cloud, which is an extension concept of cloud computing, which is more in line with the spirit of decentralization of blockchain. If all the storage and operations still stay on the centralized server, then it will not be a real blockchain
recently, the hot "ethereal cat" on Ethereum network has led to the congestion of Ethereum network. The problem is that the TPS concurrency per second of Ethereum is too low. The emergence of ethereumfog with fog computing will break the embarrassing situation of Ethereum network congestion, and add powerful decentralized storage and additional computing power to the chain

the concept of fog computing may be unfamiliar to many chain friends, but it is the most important aspect of ether fog to attract investors. In fact, I have heard about the concept of fog computing for a long time, and I have always thought that fog computing is the future development direction. When it comes to fog computing, we should start with cloud computing. In fact, the cloud computing we see now evolves from the cluster of independent servers, that is, from the original centralized independent servers to large server clusters, but in the final analysis, it is still a form of centralized computing. Compared with cloud computing, which is the evolution of centralized computing, fog computing is to share computing tasks with various computing power devices around us, and realize the evolution of decentralized and distributed computing, which coincides with the philosophy of blockchain itself.

7. Network is not good, you log in again to see, if still not, you can try to restart the phone.

8.

1. Since 1974, Zhao Dayu, a famous football player, failed to apply for the provincial professional football team several times because of his short stature. His repeated failures made him feel confused and frustrated

at this time, Zhao Dayu's father is even more unhappy. Which parents don't want their children to go out and cast their children? However, he deeply understands that it is terrible for a person to lose opportunities, but what is more terrible is to lose faith. What his son needs at this moment is encouragement and support

therefore, he tried to restrain his feelings. In order not to let his son lose confidence and give up his efforts, he told his son the story of "lying on the staff and tasting the gall", and encouraged his son to bite his teeth, not to admit defeat easily, and to be a man of backbone

he also introced the story of Hu Denghui, a football player, to his son. Although he was small, because he played very well, he still entered the national team. He also took his son to see a Guangdong Star, and asked him to introce the unique skills of small men playing big men. He tried every means to make his son establish such a belief: "as long as you are better than others, someone will come."

with the encouragement and support of his father, Zhao Dayu regained his confidence and never gave up his efforts. Hard work, and finally won the initial harvest. In 1975, Zhao Dayu entered the Guangzhou team and participated in the National Youth Championship

But at this time, my father was hospitalized because of illness. In the face of such sudden changes, the father still did not give up the desire to let his son continue to work hard. He asked his son to keep faith, continue to fight, do not delay the training because of himself, this is his biggest and only wish as a father

In the 2000 Premier League, Everton played West Ham. At the last minute, the score was still 1-1. At this time, Everton goalkeeper suddenly injured when throwing the ball, the ball rolled to the opponent's player di Canio side, he was only 10 meters away from the goal, just a light kick can kick into the "undefended" goal

At the critical moment, di Canio didn't play the decisive role, but bent down to hold the ball firmly in his arms. The whole football field was silent for a moment, and the applause was thunderous

However, who would have thought that 10 years ago, Messi almost ended his football career because of dwarfism. Like other children in his hometown of Rosario, Messi has loved football since childhood; But like his family, Messi was born short and thin

although he has always been the best player in the junior team of Newell's old boys, Messi was only 3500px at the age of 12. According to the doctor's examination, he suffered from congenital dwarfism and stopped growing at the age of 11

Messi's dwarfism is not incurable, but the monthly cost of injecting growth hormone is as high as $900. The old man of Newell, the parent team, is not willing to pay for a child whose future is uncertain. He once coveted Messi's river bed, and when he learned of his stubborn disease, he gave up the idea of poaching

"I remember and will never forget the day when I got the diagnosis. It was very cold at that time. We were in the street. Messi didn't have any expression and was very calm. I know he knows better than anyone that there is no ability for him to be treated at home

father Jorge recalled, "as a father, I know that Messi's illness is e to malnutrition. Argentina is rich in the best beef in the world and has the best cheese in the world, but that doesn't belong to us

Macy grew up eating potatoes and carrots and playing football after drinking soup without oil foam. He never complains. No one knows that better than me when he is young. "

In September 2000, he joined the Barcelona youth team at the age of 13 and height of 140cm with his superb skills. In the first game, with his skillful footwork and excellent dribbling ability, he won over thousands of spectators in the stands

in the stands, there were thunderous applause and screams! Father was even more excited to tears. However, after the surprise, the father's heart is boundless desolation and despair. The height of 140 cm doomed my son to have nothing to do with football. The more perfect his footwork is, the more regret and pain he brings to his father

4. Lovely buckteeth and skillful football skills may be the impression of many fans on Ronaldinho. Now that Ronaldinho is getting older and his form is declining, people graally forget about the post-80s football superstar

Therefore, it is necessary for the post-80s inspirational network to review the brilliant achievements of Ronaldinho in this article: he won the World Footballer of the year in 2004 and 2005 for two consecutive years; In 2005, he was elected European Footballer of the year and became the best player of the first international professional football association in the same year

Ronaldinho's football career is absolutely a classic inspirational model of the post-80s generation: on March 21, 1980, Ronaldinho was born in a family with a strong football tradition in Porto Alegre, a small city in Brazil. Just like the growth process of many Brazilian international players, Ronaldinho's family has an unusual passion for football

my father used to be a football player, my mother was a fan, and my brother was also a football player. Influenced by his family, Ronaldinho began to play football when he was very young. He even played with his dog

Luo said: "as soon as my mother comes to Sunday, she will take her homemade Bento and go to the stadium to enjoy football with us. When I was a child, I always felt like a happy child. " Ronaldinho's happiest life every day is to go to the football field, and from the slum cottage to the stadium is Ronaldinho's most common route

The family was not rich when he was a child. When his father was 8 years old, his mother shouldered the burden of the family life. "Overnight, we didn't know what to do, the pillar of the family was gone, and the future was gone

at this time, my brother woke me up and said that I had the responsibility to make the family life better. " Xiao Luo, who grew up overnight, completely changed his temper. He no longer relies on cleverness to show off his footwork. He has a sense of crisis to practice every skill well

At this time, Ronaldinho is looking forward to following his brother Robert Assis's footsteps to achieve success. His brother played in Porto Alegre's Gremio and was selected for the Brazilian national team

In 1997, the World Youth Championship held in Egypt became a brilliant stage for Ronaldinho, whose name made the headlines. He showed his skill in that cup and defeated Ghana 2-1 in the final

Ronaldinho, who scored seven goals in this cup, was named the best player and became the best shooter of the champion team, which was the first best in his football career. His name was known all over the world for a while, and this success opened a new chapter in Ronaldinho's career

after Ronaldo, Ronaldinho has been hailed as another outstanding Brazilian new star. "The honor made me more confident and opened the door to the world's top football clubs," Ronaldinho recalled

In 1998, Ronaldinho signed his first contract with Gremio. He took the first step towards success, which soon earned him a place in the national team

when Ronaldinho entered the Brazil national team and scored the first goal, his celebration was to point his finger to the sky, look up for a long time, as if to tell his father's spirit in heaven: your dream has finally come true. Since then, every time Ronaldinho points to the sky after scoring, it means that he wants to dedicate the goal to his father

Ronaldinho's eye-catching performance in international competitions has attracted the attention of many European giants. Different from many famous Brazilian international players who started from low-level or minor league matches in Europe, Ronaldinho has only played for Gremio, Paris Saint Germain, Barcelona and AC Milan

in Gremio, he was already compared with Pele. Maradona said that Ronaldinho is more flexible than Pele, more agile than Zico and more practical than Denilson

for comparison, it is natural that everyone has their own opinions. However, no one can deny Ronaldinho's talent and efforts. Ronaldinho's superb skills have been praised by many of his predecessors. Maradona called Ronaldinho a "football artist"

On July 19, 2003, Ronaldinho joined Barcelona for $28 million. When Laporta accompanied him to the stadium, about 30000 fans cheered their long admired idols in the stands, and all the jerseys printed with Ronaldinho's name sold out

afterwards, Ronaldinho enjoyed himself in this top European club, and the Brazilian began to show his fists in this fertile land of football. His arrival also injected new vitality into the sick Barcelona. In the match with Sevilla, Ronaldinho took the ball from the back field to the front 25 meters, which was his debut in La Liga

Ronaldinho scored a hat trick in the 8-0 UEFA Cup victory over Slovakia's puchev. In his first season, Ronaldinho helped Barca not lose in 17 league matches in a row, and finally won the second place in the league and the chance to advance directly to the Champions League

since 2006, e to the long-term nightclub life, the state has dropped sharply, until the 09-10 season finally began to recover, the 11 season performance was brilliant and returned to the Brazilian national team, we look forward to more surprises from Ronaldinho

Didier Drogba is undoubtedly one of the greatest players in the world. This young Ivorian, who was elected "African Footballer of the year" in 2006, never forgets to call for peace with the charm of football, and has made the world look up to him with his unique bravery again and again

On December 13, 2013, Drogba represented Galatasaray in the Turkish Football Super League, which coincided with the death of former South African President Mandela

in the middle of the match, Drogba suddenly took off his shirt and revealed a T-shirt printed in memory of Mandela, which said: "thank you, Mandela!" His move is a clear violation of FIFA's stipulation that "indivials are not allowed to express their political inclination ring the competition"

Then, the Disciplinary Committee of the Turkish Football Association announced that Drogba would be given a warning. As a result, Drogba has become the only star in the world who bravely salutes and mourns Mandela on the field

In response, Drogba said: "for peace, I don't care how severe punishment I am given. I have to use my own way to send off and mourn the old man who has been fighting for the abolition of racial discrimination all his life, so as to express my highest respect for him."

This is not the first time Drogba has made a special move. On October 8, 2005, Didier Drogba's Ivory Coast National team beat Sudan 3-1 in the last group match of the world cup preliminaries to get the ticket to enter the world cup

as the captain, Drogba is very clear that his motherland is in the civil war caused by the mutiny at this time. Therefore, he specially invited the camera reporter of the Ivorian national TV station to the dressing room and suddenly fell on his knees

9. According to Blizzard's setting, Warcraft uses five farmers to collect gold, and more than five will be idle population
hope to adopt