Ethereum Byzantine coin
In September 2017, the central bank and other seven departments jointly issued the "notice on preventing the financing risk of token issuance", which defined ICO (initial coin offerings) as unauthorized and illegal public financing, suspected of illegal selling token bills, illegal issuing securities, illegal fund-raising, financial fraud, pyramid schemes and other illegal criminal activities
in 2017, ICO became very popular relying on the concepts of "digital currency", "blockchain" and "smart contract". However, only by publishing a "white paper" through a few people's team, and even some can start financing activities without a white paper, this operation mode has laid great risks for investors, and the outside world has always disputed the legitimacy of ICO. In September last year, the central bank and other seven departments gave a clear definition of ICO and stopped all kinds of token financing activities. Seven departments said in the announcement that token issuance financing is essentially an illegal public financing behavior without approval, and is suspected of illegal sale of token tickets, illegal issuance of securities, illegal fund-raising, financial fraud, pyramid schemes and other illegal and criminal activities
However, after the ban of ICO, a new way of playing the coin circle, IFO, has sprung up. The so-called IFO refers to the branching currency issuance based on mainstream currencies such as bitcoin and ethereum. On the basis of the original blockchain of these mainstream currencies, another chain is split according to different rules to generate new digital currency. People who hold mainstream currencies can get new currency after bifurcating in the process of IFO, and IFO has become a new means of virtual currency financingon August 1, 2017, the birth of BCH marked the first generation of bifurcated coin in the coin circle. The size of bitcoin block is only 1m, and the smaller the block is, the smaller the capacity is, the slower the bitcoin transaction will be. In order to solve the problem of bitcoin block congestion, BCH blockchain successfully separated from the main chain in block 478559, resulting in a new cryptocurrency. The default block size is 8m, which can also realize the dynamic adjustment of block capacity. At the same time, people who used to hold bitcoin can get BCH for free at a ratio of 1:1
since its birth, there have been different opinions about whether BCH is a new branch of bitcoin or another kind of "counterfeit currency". However, after several ups and downs, the price of BCH began to develop steadily. As of 20:30 p.m. on February 26, the price of BCH reached 8058.8cny, and that of BTC was 67558.69cny, according to the data of fire coin
following the success of BCH bifurcation, more and more new virtual currencies have been proced through IFO, such as BTG (bitcoin gold), BCD (bitcoin diamond), SBTC (super bitcoin), etc. Chen Yunfeng believes that according to the explanation of the technical level, part of the forked currency is the upgrading or improvement of the original technology. If it is a forked currency in this sense, it is difficult to say that it has no value. Moreover, when the regulatory level repeatedly prompts the investment risk of virtual currency, the investment value should be judged by the investors themselves
Shi Qingwei, the founder of sharing finance, said that IFO is a new way to play in the past two months, and most projects generated by IFO have no investment value. Some IFO issuers believe that they are not raising funds through ICO, but a fork of mainstream currencies such as bitcoin and Ethereum, which have a large number of users. After users get the forked coins, they usually ask to join the transaction, and then the issuer of IFO will get a huge profit because of the number of forked coins g in advance. He further said that most of the bifurcated currencies proced by IFOS have no investment value and even higher investment risk than ICOS"pre dig" fork currency or there is a risk of fraud
so, how does IFO make money According to the daily economic news, miners develop bifurcated coins in bitcoin blocks through technical means, and then distribute the developed bifurcated coins to bitcoin holders in proportion, and gain value in the transaction and circulation. Some of them will also be traded and circulated through the digital asset exchange. It is worth noting that most of the forked coins will be "pre g" before they are officially released. The pre g forked coins are equivalent to those obtained free of charge, so the founders of the forked coins can easily make profits. In the market, some people think that IFO in the name of "pre digging" is actually a more naked game of token issuance
on November 15, 2017, the domestic well-known super bitcoin team announced that it will implement the bifurcation at the 498888 height of bitcoin blockchain on December 17, and start the technical test of zero knowledge proof and intelligent contract supporting Turing complete, and expand its block to 8MB. It will also launch the intelligent contract in early March 2018 to increase the scalability of BTC Zero knowledge proof will be launched by the end of May 2018, and dynamic checkpoints will be removed by the end of November 2018 to realize fully decentralized mining. If the split is successful, a new split coin, SBTC, will be proced. The original bitcoin holders will give it away one by one, with a total amount of 21.21 million. Among them, 210 thousand are pre g by the split team foundation, which is mainly used to encourage early developers to invest in ecological construction and foundation operation
Song Qinghui, a famous economist, said that e to the lack of regulatory policies and the extremely low threshold of user participation, IFO itself may be suspected of illegal sale of token bills, illegal issuance of securities, illegal fund-raising and financial fraud. Many new virtual currencies born through IFO have little value, and there may be fraud and fraud, Investors need to pay enough attention
According to Shi Qingwei's analysis, on the one hand, IFO will cause great division in the community; On the other hand, the people who issue IFO are basically some investors, and few of them really do the Ifo project in a down-to-earth way. Because they do not have strong executive power and values, it is difficult to do the Ifo project. To put it bluntly, some IFO projects are short of money, and they will not do it after cash out, and there is no particularly big risk. Just intensify market acquisition and cut leeks. The most typical risk is fraud risk, and the other is the risk of market operation. Some investors have been trapped in the Ifo projectaccording to Zhang Yexia, senior researcher of Yingcan consulting, first of all, there is no clear definition of IFO financing activities in China's law, and there is a risk of being prohibited; The second is fraud risk. With the rise of the concept of IFO, it is easy to attract criminals to use concepts such as "mainstream currency bifurcation" and "blockchain technology" to attract investors, but in fact there is no so-called token issuance and technology research; The third is the technical risk. At present, the technologies and standards of mainstream currencies, such as bitcoin and Ethereum, are different. There is no same technical standard, and the technical level is also different. Therefore, the hidden dangers of technical security can not be ignored
Chen Yunfeng believes that for the financing behavior in the name of IFO, the investors can only obtain the value-added income through the digital currency trading market without the actual application scenario of the bifurcated currency itself. This form of financing activity has not been clearly defined in law and needs to be regulated by the relevant departments
Hong shuning, chief researcher of the blockchain Laboratory of Suning Financial Research Institute, believes that the risks of IFO are manifested in the following aspects: first, there may be serious loopholes in changing the agreement without careful consideration; Second, the software released in a hurry will inevitably have a lot of bugs; Third, every IFO will divert some miners, causing fluctuations in the trading smoothness of bitcoin; Fourth, e to the low acceptance of bifurcated currency, the price fluctuation may far exceed that of bitcoin, which is unfavorable to investors
At the same time, Hong shuning said that in the real sense, IFO should not pre dig because it goes against the original intention of bitcoin development, fairness and freedom. In fact, like ICO, IFO is a disguised means of financing. Teams that need to make profits in advance should issue their own digital currency, not under the banner of IFOis illegal
after Ethereum bifurcates into etheric fog, the two will exist and develop together< br />
compared with the existing cloud computing, fog computing does not rely on the remote server located in the central computer room, but intelligently connects to the nearest distributed computer resources, so as to achieve the most efficient utilization of computing resources. This topology is characterized by decentralized peer-to-peer network, which is a perfect match with blockchain. If cloud computing represents efficient computing power in the Internet era, then in the era of Internet of things and value networking blockchain, fog computing should be the most efficient way of computing power networking
therefore, compared with the evolution of cloud computing, which is a kind of centralized computing, fog computing is to share computing tasks with all kinds of powerful devices around us, and realize the evolution of decentralized and distributed computing, which coincides with the philosophy of blockchain itself. However, it is necessary to encourage the owners of distributed computing resources to contribute computing power to the fog computing network. It is not only difficult for centralized enterprises (such as Cisco) to organize supply and demand market settlement in real time and monopolize, but also contrary to the decentralized distributed philosophy of fog computing itself, which is difficult to be widely recognized, It is difficult to find a satisfactory solution on how to settle the compensation of fog calculation reasonably
we can see that Amazon's AWS, Microsoft's azure and Alibaba's aliyun are all centralized operators operating centralized computing services, and the combination of blockchain value network and cloud computing network, which are both decentralized philosophy, is almost perfect. Ethereumfog is born for this purpose. Upgrading Ethereum based on Ethereum will really bring fog computing to us. In the near future, many personal computing devices may contribute their computing power to do useful things on ethereumfog chain, and do not waste every resource to earn corresponding returns< We use cloud computing, but it runs in the remote data center; Fog is close to the ground and lingers around us. Fog computing makes both computing and storage decentralized distributed on the devices around us. The combination of blockchain and value Internet makes more people willing to let their computing resources participate in it. The organic combination of supply and demand is becoming more powerful. Ethereumfog etherfog (ETF) is opening the door to the new world of Ethereum.
2. Mr. Buffett went from a 100000 dollar private placement supported by relatives and friends to a large financial group integrating banking and insurance. He is not so much an investor as a financial entrepreneur.
3 The second point is that China can't get Warren Buffett's investment performance, and it can't get Warren Buffett's financial management wisdom. There are policy reasons as well as personal reasons.
4. The name of Warren Buffett's company is Berkshire Hathaway. The stock price of his company is about 200000 US dollars per share. You can check it on your own network or financial website