Did Ethereum believe many people in the beginning

1.

There is an essential difference between Ethereum and bitcoin. What is the difference? Bitcoin defines a set of currency system, while Ethereum focuses on building a main chain (which can be understood as a road) to allow a large number of blockchain applications to run on this road

from this point of view, Ethereum's application scenarios are more extensive, which is why we say that Ethereum marks a simple monetary system in the era of blockchain

1.0, and a transformation to other instries and application scenarios in the era of blockchain 2.0

however, there is no perfect thing in the world. Although Ethereum has expanded the application scope of blockchain in all walks of life and improved the speed of transaction processing, it also has some disputes and doubts

first, the solution to the lack of scalability of Ethereum: slicing technology and lightning network

the bottom design of Ethereum, the biggest problem is that Ethereum has only one chain and no side chain, which means that all programs have to run on this chain equally, consuming resources and causing system congestion. Just like last year's very popular Ethereum game "encryption cat", when this game was very popular, it once caused Ethereum network paralysis

to improve the processing capacity, Ethereum proposes two ways: shard and lightning network. Let's introce these two technologies respectively

(1) fragmentation technology

vitalik buterin, founder of Ethereum, believes that the reason why mainstream blockchain networks such as bitcoin process transactions very slowly is that every miner has to process every transaction in the whole network, which is actually very inefficient. The idea of fragmentation technology is: a transaction does not need to be processed by all nodes in the whole network, as long as some nodes (miners) in the network are allowed to process it. Therefore, Ethereum network is divided into many pieces. At the same time, each piece can handle different transactions. In this way, the network performance will be greatly improved

however, the slicing technology is also controversial. As we all know, the important idea of blockchain technology is decentralization. Only when the whole network witnesses (processes) the same transaction can it have the highest authority. The Ethereum slicing technology is similar to the group witness, not all nodes witness together. In this way, it will lose the absolute "decentralization" attribute, and can only achieve the purpose of high performance by sacrificing certain characteristics of decentralization

(2) lightning network

lightning network uses the way of transaction under the chain. What does that mean? It means: when the participants of lightning network transfer money to each other, they do not need to confirm the transaction through the main chain of Ethereum, but create a payment channel between the participants and complete it under the chain

however, lightning network is not separated from the main chain. Before establishing a payment channel, you need to use the assets on the main chain as collateral to generate a balance proof, which indicates that you can transfer the corresponding balance. In the case that both parties of the transaction hold the balance certificate, both parties can make unlimited number of transfers under the chain through the payment channel

only when the off chain transaction is completed and the assets need to be transferred back to the chain, the balance change information of the main chain account will be registered on the Ethereum main chain, and no matter how many transactions occur ring this period, there will be no record on the main chain

another real benefit of lightning network is that it can save the cost of miners for you. At present, when we trade on the main chain of Ethereum, we need to consume gas and pay for miners. Once we move the transaction to the lower chain, we can save this part of the cost

Of course, lightning network is not perfect. When using the lightning network, the assets on the main chain should be used as collateral; And this part of assets as collateral can not be used before the user completes the transaction under the chain. This also determines that lightning trading is only suitable for small transactions

the above is the problem of insufficient scalability of Ethereum, as well as the two main solutions: fragmentation technology and lightning network

Second, there are loopholes in Ethereum's smart contract and the infamous Dao event

Ethereum's smart contract is very powerful, but there are loopholes in any code. The biggest controversy of Ethereum's smart contract lies in the so-called loopholes, that is, security issues. According to relevant research, 34200 (about 3%) of the nearly 1 million smart contracts based on Ethereum contain security vulnerabilities, which will allow hackers to steal eth, freeze assets or delete contracts, such as the infamous Dao incident

(1) what does Dao mean

before introcing the Dao event, let's first introce what Dao is. Dao is the abbreviation of decentralized

autonomous organization, which can be understood as decentralized autonomous organization. From the perspective of Ethereum, Dao is a kind of contract or a combination of contracts on the blockchain, which is used to replace the government's review and complex intermediate proceres, so as to achieve an efficient and decentralized trust system. Therefore, Dao is not a specific organization, that is to say, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao

(2) the infamous Dao event

however, when we talk about Dao now, we basically refer to the Dao event, that is, the infamous hacker attack event we just mentioned. As we know, the English word "the" refers to "the Dao event". The Dao event

refers to "the Dao event", because we just said that Dao is not a specific organization, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao

in 2016, slock.it, a German company focusing on "smart locks", launched the Dao project on Ethereum in order to realize decentralized physical exchange (such as apartments and ships). Since April 30, 2016, the financing window has been open for 28 days

unexpectedly, this Dao project is very popular. It raised more than US $100 million in just half a month. By the end of the whole financing period, it raised a total of US $150 million. Therefore, it has become the largest crowdfunding project in history. However, it didn't last long. In June, hackers took advantage of the loopholes in the smart contract to successfully transfer more than 3.6 million Ethernet coins and put them into a Dao sub organization, which has the same structure as the Dao. At that time, the price of Ethernet currency fell directly from more than $20 to less than $13

this event shows that there are loopholes in smart contracts, and once the loopholes are exploited by hackers, the consequences will be very serious. This is why many people criticize Ethereum and say that its smart contract is not smart

to solve this problem, many foreign companies begin to provide code audit services in order to solve the vulnerability problem of smart contract. From a technical point of view, some teams are currently testing smart contracts. Most of these teams are led by professors from Harvard, Stanford and Yale, and some of them have obtained investment from leading institutions

in addition to the problems of insufficient expansibility and loopholes in smart contracts, the controversy over Ethereum lies in the POS consensus mechanism it pursues, that is, the proof of equity mechanism. Under the proof of equity mechanism, if anyone holds more money and holds it for a longer time, he will get more "rights" (interests) and have the opportunity to get bookkeeping power, Bookkeeping can also be rewarded. In this way, it is easy to create the oligarchic advantage of "the stronger the stronger"

Another problem is the chaos of ICO. ICO is a common way to raise funds for blockchain projects, which we can understand as pre-sale. The outbreak of ICO projects on Ethereum has caused illegal activities such as fund allocation and money fraud under the banner of ICO, which has caused security risks to social and financial stability

2. Many institutional investors have begun to pay attention to Ethereum. Ethereum also rose and institutional investors have a lot to do with admission. I think Ethereum will go up. The stock exchange proposed to go to Zhongyuan, which is a seven-year-old stock exchange and has never had any security incidents. Trustworthy.

3.

First of all, we need to understand what is MLM:

MLM refers to the illegal behavior of organizers and development personnel to obtain wealth by calculating and paying remuneration to the developed personnel based on the number or performance of the personnel directly or indirectly developed, or requiring the developed personnel to pay certain fees to obtain the qualification to join. The essence of MLM is "Ponzi scheme", that is to say, the money of later comers is distributed to the income of former comers

However, the new type of MLM does not restrict personal freedom, does not accept ID cards and mobile phones, and does not take classes collectively. Instead, it uses capital operation as a banner to pull people to cheat money, drives luxury cars, wears gold and silver, and uses money to attract your relatives and friends to join in, and finally makes you lose all your money

then judge whether the ether coin is a kind of MLM, whether you need membership fee, whether you need to ask your relatives and friends to join

extended materials:

Ethereum is an underlying technology platform on which developers can create distributed applications. With the application, there will be transactions. With a transaction, you need money to complete the transaction. In this way, money has value, and investors' investment has a return. If the transaction volume on the platform is larger and larger, the demand for money will be higher and higher, and the money will be more and more valuable

from the perspective of image, bitcoin creates a kind of digital gold, while Ethereum creates a country, and Ethereum is the credit currency of the country

after bitcoin, there are thousands of digital virtual currencies in the world, many of which are completely deceptive in the guise of "digital currency". Previously, Haikou Municipal Public Security cracked down on a pyramid selling organization called "Eurasian currency", which operated on the internet pyramid selling platform, making more than 40000 investors cheated, involving 4.06 billion yuan. The field of virtual currency has just started, so we need to be cautious

resources : Ethernet money network

4. 2020 is the first year of proction rection. Everyone turns to BTC, BCH, BSV and other currencies. However, you forget eth. As the king of the public chain, ETH will usher in the big upgrade of 2.0 super version in 2020, switching from the pow mechanism to the POS mechanism. In addition, it will face proction rection in March next year, and its circulation will be reced by 10 times. Its impact is no less than that of bitcoin proction. Since the beginning of the year, the trading volume of eth has grown explosively, and the institutional capital has poured in to preempt the layout. However, the current price of eth is only 260 US dollars. With many super favorable blessings, the market expects eth to usher in a super bull market< In theory, the circulation of next year will be reced by 10 times. In theory, the current price of eth is 260x4 = US $1040 (upgrade + expected price after proction rection)

ring this period, the return comparison between holding spot and ETF fund is as follows:

1. Holding spot makes 4 times of profit
2. Holding Ethereum ETF fund makes 12 times of profit, Up to 30 times (intelligent position adjustment + fund compound interest calculation)

there is no doubt that the Ethereum ETF launched by bitoffer is the best investment choice!

5. Ethereum is not a kind of currency, but a decentralized intelligent protocol. It can be understood as a huge global account book. The logic of this intelligent protocol does not need a specific server to support its daily operation. Instead, it is the protocol terms given by the executors before entering among the scattered users. This is an application evolved from decentralization
compared with bitcoin, we can find that Ethereum is more difficult to develop a new encryption technology than bitcoin. This breakthrough has greatly reced the development cost and time for developers who apply blockchain technology. The emergence of Ethereum once again reiterated the need to split the center, as well as the feasibility and advantages of decentralized distributed applications, to the existing economic market, the financial sector a new direction of development and throw to the society a new entrepreneurial ideas and opportunities.

6. When I first answered this question, it was on the 70th day of the crowdfunding period of EOS (a crowdfunding day of EOS is 23 hours). At that time, there was a lot of sadness under this answer, because it had dropped from the high of $3 in the initial crowdfunding period to nearly $0.50. When I started talking, there was little attention. In the next two months, the subscription price of EOS has been hovering around this position. If we follow up the subscription, one eth can get about 500 EOS, then the revenue should exceed most of the participants

reviewing the financing of EOS, we not only set many records of ICO, but also a significant milestone in the whole history of open market financing. During the 350 day subscription cycle, 200000 people participated in ICO, accumulating 7.2 million ether coins. According to the market price of the day, the total amount reached US $4.3 billion, which is close to the total IPO amount of Google (US $2.7 billion) and twitter (US $2.1 billion). It is the largest ICO in history so far. It's very worthwhile to make a comprehensive summary. I very much hope that what I write can penetrate the surface of the facts, catch the essence hidden behind, and become a part of historical records

EOS's ICO uses Ethereum's smart contract to complete the automatic subscription and allocation of funds. There is no middleman, and there is no role of investment bank and underwriter of traditional securities listing. This is a primary market. The total number of EOS coins is 1 billion, of which 900 million are distributed to subscribers and 100 million are reserved by block.one. All the funds obtained from the subscription belong to block.one company. Meanwhile, according to the subscription agreement, these funds directly become the profits of the company, and there is no other responsibility and obligation relationship with the subscribers, nor the responsibility and obligation to maintain and develop the EOS software and network. The main network of EOS will be launched by the loosely organized technology forum community, The network operation funds are automatically generated by the code rules, and new EOS tokens are issued to pay to the block procer nodes

in the process of ICO, the secondary market (exchange) is fully opened at the same time. After the completion of the subscription in the primary market, the general financing will enter the secondary market for a period of time. However, the financing cycle is as long as 350 days. The obtained Ethereum EOS token can enter the secondary market for circulation on the same day, resulting in a large number of turnover transactions, The prices of the two markets fluctuated simultaneously

after the end of ICO, the total market value of EOS was US $11 billion, ranking fifth in the list of digital currencies. BCH (US $17 billion), which is closer to fourth place, is more than twice as big as ripple (US $24 billion), which is third place. Compared with the total funding of $4.3 billion, according to the popular view of ICO, it is only three times as much

7. This is a routine. Don't believe it can help you come up with it. Don't worry

8. From bitcoin to Ethereum, it seems that more and more institutional traders are interested in accumulating Ethereum for long-term benefits, because Ethereum is also a store of value

1. Ethereum: a better value accumulation target

for many years, accumulating bitcoin has been the main way to store the value of cryptocurrency. Investors use bitcoin as a sharp weapon against the economic crisis. However, institutional traders are now also interested in Ethereum

in the 2020 annual review report of coinbase, it is noted that institutional customers are more and more interested in Ethereum. The reason is related to how investors evaluate Ethereum ecosystem

first of all, it is the original currency of the network. Because Ethereum is a platform for many valuable projects, Ethereum has become a powerful trading currency in Ethereum ecosystem

Why are more and more institutional traders hoarding Ethereum

the report points out that the driving force for Ethereum holders to invest comes from: first, Ethereum's potential as a value store is constantly developing; 2、 Ethereum's status as a digital currency provides the basis for its network transactions<

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2. Investment institutions such as coinbase and Gemini are optimistic about Ethereum and defi

Arthur Cheong, founder of definance capital and portfolio manager focusing on defi encryption fund, pointed out in a statement in coindesk, "I think bold investors will explore Ethereum and defi after studying bitcoin."

according to the data, some investment institutions such as coinbase and Gemini are incredibly bullish on Ethereum. In addition, more and more large investors are looking for different decentralized financing space

Why are more and more institutional traders hoarding Ethereum< However, deniss vinokourou, a digital asset investment manager, believes that "not everyone is satisfied with the risks associated with defi that still exist, but the rapid growth of active projects in Ethereum supports capital appreciation."

unlike bitcoin, Ethereum has many ways to retain investors and lock them in for a long time. After the release of eth2.0, Ethereum owners have made a lot of profits in long Ethereum

the original text is from ambcrypto and compiled by blockchain knight. The right in English belongs to the original author. If you want to reprint it in Chinese, please contact the compiler.