Ethereum POC
POW: full name of proof of work
pos: proof of stake
both of them are the consensus mechanism of blockchain and the bookkeeping method of digital currency
the difference is:
1. POW mechanism: workload proof mechanism, that is, the proof of workload, is the requirement that must be met when generating a new transaction information (that is, a new block) to be added to the blockchain. In the blockchain network based on workload proof mechanism, the ability of nodes to obtain the correct numerical solution to generate blocks by calculating the numerical solution of random hash hash is the specific performance of node computing power
POS mechanism: the proof of rights and interests requires the certifier to provide a certain amount of ownership of cryptocurrency. The operation mode of the proof of rights and interests mechanism is that when creating a new block, the miners need to create a "currency right" transaction, and the transaction will send some coins to the miners themselves according to the preset proportion. According to the proportion and time of token owned by each node, the equity proof mechanism reces the mining difficulty of nodes proportionally according to the algorithm, so as to speed up the speed of searching for random numbersextended materials:
the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's ideas, the open source software and the P2P network on it were designed and released. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses the distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses the design of cryptography to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction
1. Q coin
Q coin, referred to as QB, also known as QQ coin, Tencent Q coin, etc. Usually its exchange rate is 1q currency = 1 RMB, with Tencent paipai net transactions are generally 10% off
QB is a virtual currency launched by Tencent, which can be used to pay for QQ bank number, QQ member service and other services. Tencent q-coin, through the purchase of QQ card, telephone recharge, bank card recharge, network recharge, mobile phone recharge card, one card recharge card and other ways to obtain
The face value of QQ card is 10 yuan, 15 yuan, 30 yuan, 60 yuan, 100 yuan and 200 yuan respectivelythere is another kind of electronic cryptocurrency, qqcoin, which is not related to each other
2. Litecoin
litecoin, abbreviated as LTC, currency symbol: Ł; It is a kind of network currency based on "peer-to-peer" technology. It is also an open source software project under MIT / X11 license. It can help users make instant payments to anyone in the world
lightcoin is inspired by bitcoin (BTC) and has the same implementation principle in technology. The creation and transfer of lightcoin is based on an open source encryption protocol and is not managed by any central organization
3, infinite coin
infinite coin (hereinafter referred to as IFC) is a new digital currency, which has more circulation advantages than bitcoin, and fills the short board of bitcoin in the field of commercial circulation and promoting commercial operation. The positioning of unlimited money is to serve the daily life of small transaction payment
one transaction of infinite coin needs three confirmations, each confirmation takes three seconds, and the transaction confirmation speed is very fast. Because bitcoin transaction needs 6 confirmations, which takes about 1 hour, and lightcoin transaction takes 15 minutes, infinite coin is used in daily common transactions, which is more practical
infinite coin was released on June 5, 2013. Based on scrypt POW algorithm. A block is generated in 30 seconds. In the initial block, there are 524288 infinite coins in each block. After that, for every 86400 blocks generated, the number of coins in the block is halved, with a total of 90.6 billion. The difficulty of mining is adjusted every hour
Quark coin is not the currency in real life, it exists safely in the computer of global networkquark network is protected by six most advanced encryption algorithms to ensure that it can become a digital ledger. The whole network uses each of the six functions to generate a proof of work, and the coin maker must "verify" these transactions to ensure that each coin increase is real and effective
only regular computer can participate in ensuring that it can maintain a highly secure peer-to-peer network, which makes it more decentralized
quark coins can only be g up through the CPU of regular computers. In the first 36 weeks, a total of 247605120 quark coins will be g out. Since March 30, 2014, the annual quark coins set at 1050000 can enter the market through "digging", and the block reward will never be less than one, which is currently two
Zetacoin is an open-source digital currency based on SHA-256 algorithm. The initial coin mining is 160 million coins, and the subsequent annual inflation is a better incentive, To keep the hash of the network is not pure transaction cost The total number ofzetacoin is 160 million, 1000 zets per block and half of 80640 zets per block
Usdt is TEDA currency and cannot be converted into RMB Notice on carrying out self inspection and rectification of payment services for illegal virtual currency transactions all Payment institutions within the jurisdiction shall carry out self inspection and rectification, strictly prohibit providing services for virtual currency transactions, and take effective measures to prevent payment channels from being used for virtual currency transactions
TEDA currency is a virtual currency that links cryptocurrency with legal currency US dollar. Each TEDA coin is symbolically associated with government supported legal tender. TEDA currency is a virtual currency kept in the foreign exchange reserve account and supported by legal tender. This method can effectively prevent the price fluctuation of cryptocurrency. Basically, the value of a TEDA currency is equal to US $1
on January 16, 2018, among the top 50 cryptocurrencies in global value, most of the digital virtual cryptocurrencies suffered a sharp drop in price, but the price of TEDA currency rose against the trend. The price of TEDA was $1.04, up 3.23% from the previous day, with a total market value of $1.69 billion. In addition to TEDA, most virtual currencies, including bitcoin, Ethereum, and lightcoin, have experienced sharp declines
extended information:
in 2017, the regulatory authorities issued the notice on preventing the financing risk of token issuance, which clearly pointed out that financial institutions and non bank payment institutions are not allowed to carry out business related to token issuance financing transactions. All financial institutions and non bank payment institutions shall not directly or indirectly provide procts or services such as account opening, registration, trading, clearing and settlement for token issuance and financing and "virtual currency", nor undertake insurance business related to token and "virtual currency" or include token and "virtual currency" into the scope of insurance liability
the Internet Finance Association of China issued the risk tips on preventing ICO activities in disguised form, calling on consumers and investors to recognize the essence of relevant models, enhance risk prevention awareness, invest rationally, and not blindly follow the trend of speculation. Previously, blockchain technology was once sought after by a number of listed companies and the capital market, but it also led to questions about whether it was over hyped and "stepping on the red line"
first, mining is the only way to obtain some virtual currency such as bitcoin. After professional mining equipment is connected to the mine pool, bitcoin is obtained through a lot of calculation. Besides the cost of mining equipment, there is also the most important electricity cost. Mining machine is a computer, The required power consumption is not small, and the electricity cost needs to be continuously invested for a long time, so the mining income should be above the electricity cost, so the investment in mining is feasible. It can be divided into the following situations:
1. The cost of electricity is very low or electricity is free, there are some special instries that can enjoy lower electricity prices than ordinary residents, or build their own hydropower plants, etc...
2. The mining output is fixed. Friends who have g mines will know that one of the major obstacles in mining is the difficulty of computing power. Take bitcoin as an example, the number of bitcoins is fixed, but with more and more people digging, the output will be lower and lower, and then the income will be lower and lower. If the electricity cost is fixed, then when the output income is equal to the electricity cost, the output income will be lower and lower, Mining is no longer feasible
3. The currency price is stable. Mining will have the problem of accounting return to the current cycle: output * current currency price electricity cost = net income
mining machinery cost / net income = return to the current cycle
we mentioned that the output is fluctuating, and the currency price is also fluctuating, but we can choose to sell coins under the condition of our own income, which requires a large amount of personal reserved funds, Because once you choose to hoard money, it means that you will not generate revenue before the money price reaches the ideal price, but you need to put in a fixed electricity cost< In the second half of 2017, the virtual currency ushered in a bull market. Before that, whether you buy bitcoin or Ethereum, it's easy to double your assets, but it's a transition to the market in 2018, Most of the quilt cover, and fry money overnight rich have, overnight bankruptcy also have. Similarly, currency speculation can be divided into the following situations:
1. The most common way of currency speculation is to buy at a low price and sell at a high price. It's easy to make money in a bull market. As long as you are optimistic about the currency and find a low price to buy, you can sell by yourself (I suggest that the mainstream currency is better)
2. In private placement, some newly issued but not yet listed coins will be privately raised, that is, crowdfunding. At the beginning, it is a low price, which may be a few cents or even a few cents. In the process of issuing and listing, there are unlimited possibilities. It is very possible to double or even ten times the price, but there are also some cases that can not be launched on the platform or broken, So these are not worth money in hand, just a series of figures. At the same time, private placement is not allowed by the state
3. Contract trading, which is the trading object or subject matter of futures trading, is a standardized contract formulated by the futures exchange to deliver a certain quantity and quality of goods at a specific time and place, and the futures price is achieved through open bidding
generally speaking, contracts can be bought up and bought down. When the market is in a bear market, buying up and currency price rising can bring benefits; Buying down and currency price falling will bring profits. Meanwhile, bear market fluctuation is small, and leverage can be added to increase the amount of capital
therefore, with the development of virtual currency and the recognition of many countries, virtual currency will not only be mentioned in real life, but it is also reliable to invest in virtual currency. However, in different periods, facing different market, there will be different ways of investment. If you choose to hoard money at a high price in a bull market, it is not reliable, So whether you invest in virtual currency depends on how you invest
first, ask the respondents how many people have played this pocc
Second, all the projects are fake at the beginning. believe me. Only in the process of doing it successfully, it's true
Third, bitcoin is successful, with a market size of $1 trillion today. If it fails, it is a liar
Fourth, in addition to the mainstream digital currency, the risk is smaller (not without risk), similar to bitcoin, TEDA currency, ether currency, etc. Other small-scale counterfeit currencies are highly risky. How to determine the scale of a digital currency, or the market value, and recommend a software (non trumpet)< No need to think about supervision. There is no guarantee. It all depends on your control and understanding of the project. The brave starve the timid< 6. To judge whether a project is safe or not, it is necessary to have an in-depth understanding and communicate with the team. You need to know what the team wants to do, whether it's running for money or really want to do something< How to judge the quality of a project
there are roughly two points: the way of admission, the rate of return of offline development
is it simply to give money to the project party? Is sharing the benefits of offline development very outrageous
as far as I know, pocc mode is to spend money to buy digital currency, POC is using POC to replace mining machine, mining machine proces ore, and sells it in the exchange. The model is similar to bitcoin, but different. Moreover, in the process of transaction, the project party can't receive any money at all, and they all transfer their own business. This greatly limits the project side to circle money. And basically a miner can be realized once in about 6 days. It's also very secure for money. Secondly, the development of offline, can get about 3 poccs a day, this should not be outrageous
1. At present, the supervision of all digital currencies is not perfect, including bitcoin, Ethereum EOS and other top digital currencies in the world
2. Clearly reply that you are not a MLM company. You can understand pocc as a start-up company. It wants to go public (make it into a big currency like bitcoin Ethereum EOS). If you succeed, everyone will benefit. If you fail, your investment will not be affected, because you can recover the cost in six months
3. For those who say they have been cheated, publish their ID or your currency address, and the platform will query the records for you to see if you have been cheated
4. Pocc skin shrimp public chain, with (non small) can query the relevant information, non small is a professional third-party information website, all digital currency can query
5. As far as I know, there are a group of professional spurts on the Internet. One is to release negative news to attract attention and improve their own traffic. The second is to blackmail the platform for sealing fees
6. Since September 2018, there has been no loss and it is still running steadily. The benefits are consistent. Your friend tried, earned, recommended to you, you are still hesitant, to the Internet to find those who have not played the project, do reference, you will never earn money
7. Many people have been cheated by blockchain and various kinds of funds. You've heard about it and seen it. But you just didn't get involved
8, those who say pull the head, the tiktok speed version of the top page speed version does not pull the head? Wechat does not attract people in the initial stage? Alipay didn't pull the plug at the beginning? The network does not pull the head in the initial stage
9. Any project can't do without fans. Only fans can grow and last, and fans can only gain profits without loss, just like stocks. Those who hold the original stocks can make profits, but the loss is the secondary market
10. I hope those who talk nonsense blindfolded can experience it. Here's the screenshot BB.
before the birth of bitcoin, global information transmission was realized through the Internet's TCP / IP (Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Interconnection Protocol) protocol to achieve high-speed and low-cost transmission. However, with the development of interconnection technology (Internet, Internet of things, VR / AR), the ways of interaction between people and objects, people and information are more diversified, More entities are digitized or token, just the sharing and transmission of information can not meet the economic and social development, so when the entity is digitized or token, people pay more and more attention to the value transfer and how to transfer these assets and values point to point
on October 31, 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto published bitcoin's white paper "bitcoin: an e-cash in peer-to-peer network" for the first time, and proposed to realize value transfer through decentralized bitcoin network. In the bitcoin system, all participants in the whole network are the supervisors of the transaction, and both parties can complete the transaction without establishing a trust relationship. Blockchain technology has changed the way we obtain and share information, creating a new distributed, point-to-point ecological society
before the emergence of bitcoin network, we have been unable to transfer and transmit the value of point-to-point through the Internet without the help of third-party trusted institutions. Bitcoin network is the first value transfer protocol (VTP) running on the information superhighway. At present, with the maturity of blockchain technology, the application scenarios of blockchain are not limited to bitcoin and Ethereum. Bitcoinpc tries to combine the above and below blockchain to form the ecological environment of the third blockchain, and further uses VTP protocol to realize point-to-point value transmission
since 2009, with the value of bitcoin being accepted by more and more people and the price rising, bitcoin market has graally become a mecca for global investors. The reason lies in the continuous improvement of investment threshold, continuous compression of investment profit margin and excessive policy intervention compared with other instries, The symbolic significance of blockchain technology and the low value of currency market have become the fundamental reasons for the continuous influx of funds
at present, the blockchain technology in the market is mainly divided into three times:
& #10146; The first era is a point-to-point e-cash system represented by BTC< br />
➢ The second era is the open smart contract complete solution represented by eth< br />
➢ The third era is to solve the problem of eth performance shortage and block congestion, and strive to achieve better commercial value of public chain cluster
it can be inferred that after nearly a decade of crazy speculation in the early stage of the currency market, the next decade will usher in the golden age of value investment. At this time, how to choose an undervalued and high-quality project has become the primary task, just as Bill Gates invested in Coca Cola
what is BPC
BPC, full name bitcoinpc, bit capacity, is a new cryptocurrency based on proof of capacity (hereinafter referred to as POC)
BPC is a digital asset and application platform of blockchain. It provides a new proof of capacity, and provides bitcoinpcasset and bitcoinpcid functions at the bottom of the system, which makes it very convenient for people to carry out asset digitization business, not just to create native tokens on the blockchain
by taking the capacity of hard disk as the basis of consensus, BPC makes its proction more decentralized, makes it more secure and credible, and enables everyone to participate in the proction of cryptocurrency, and generates credit and value through mathematics
BPC's choice of computer hard disk mining is a disruptive innovation. There are CPU, GPU and hard disk as mining equipment in computer. CPU and GPU can not avoid becoming AISC mining machine in the end. At the same time, CPU and GPU will cause a lot of energy waste. The hard disk has the characteristics of anti AISC and power saving. The hard disk can keep its operation only by simple disk scanning. BPC chooses hard disk mining to avoid the defects of CPU and GPU perfectly. The maximum mining capacity of a single mining machine is 8t, avoiding some POC currencies, After a certain stage of development, small households can't enter the market, but big ones are playing. They are playing the same way as POW mining. Small capacity PC mining machine makes it easier to lay out the ecology, enter thousands of households, and realize the idea of Zhongben congren mining. The revolution of POC mining has already started, and the next wave of bull market will proce the leading currency of POC. We'll see< Deterministic: the behavior of the program is deterministic, and the consensus is reached, and the non deterministic factors are excluded in the design of the system
2. Time: Based on POC mechanism, BPC provides system call based on block time stamp, which can regard the whole blockchain as a time stamp server and obtain the time stamp when any block is constructed< Randomness: bitcoinpc runs in two ways to obtain random numbers:
(1) when each block is constructed, the consensus node will reach a consensus on a random number and fill it into the field of the block, and the mining program can read the word segments of any block
(2) the mining program can use the hash value of the block as a means of generating random numbers, Because the hash value of a block is random, a weak random number can be obtained by this method< Data source: bitcoinpc provides two kinds of deterministic data sources:
(1) blockchain ledger
the program can access all the data on the whole blockchain through interoperability services, including complete blocks and transactions, as well as each of their fields. The data on the block is deterministic and consistent, so it can be accessed safely
(2) contract storage space
every node deployed on bitcoinpc has a private storage area which can only be accessed by the node itself. The consensus mechanism of bitcoinpc ensures that the storage state of each node is consistent. Bitcoinpc does not provide a direct way to access the data outside the chain. It needs to send the data outside the chain to the inside of the chain through transaction, so as to convert it into the above two types of data sources before it can be accessed
5. Node call: bitcoinpc nodes have the ability to call each other, but cannot call recursively< High performance: bitcoin PC adopts lightweight VM (virtual machine) as its node's execution environment, which has fast startup speed and small resource occupation, so it is suitable for short programs like nodes. JIT (just in time compiler) technology can significantly improve the execution efficiency of virtual machine
7. Extensibility: the calling relationship between nodes of bitcoinpc is static, and the calling target cannot be specified at runtime
8. Low coupling: bitcoinpc system adopts low coupling design, and the block program communicates with the outside through the interoperability service layer when executing< High efficiency and energy saving: the mining economic model of POC makes miners become a community of ecological interests, and uses money as a new means of proction to replace the original power consumption resources, which makes the whole ecology of BPC expand automatically. Everyone in the world who can buy a hard disk can participate in mining<
BPC application scenarios
superconcting transaction: bitcoinpc will incubate blockchain superconcting transaction projects in the future<
smart Fund: bitcoinpc will increase investment in smart fund projects in the future. It is very similar to the Dao project based on Ethereum, but it tries to improve security through some methods to avoid repeating the mistakes of the Dao
cross chain interoperability: bitcoinpc provides support for the implementation of cross chain interoperability, which can not only realize cross chain asset exchange, but also run cross chain distributed transactions, run on different blockchains, and ensure their consistency<
BPC distribution mechanism
total number of BPCs issued: 42 million
4.2 million (10% of the total number): used to motivate bitcoinpc developers and bitcoinpc board members (pre excavation)
2.1 million (5% of the total number): used to encourage bitcoinpc community construction (output of each mining block)
35.7 million (85% of the total number): used for miners to mine
< br />
block proction time: 10 minutes
initial block size: 100bpc / block
block capacity: 10M
half cycle: 4 years
initial TPS: 70 transactions / second
power over Ethernet, also known as Poe power supply, is the abbreviation of active Ethernet power supply, which refers to the technology that can provide DC power supply for such devices while transmitting data signals with some IP based terminals without any changes to the existing wiring infrastructure< What is POC power supply
POC (power over coaxia) is a technology based on coaxial line for video, coaxial control and power superposition. In coaxial cable transmission, high-definition video signal, coaxial signal and power supply are transmitted, that is, high-definition video, coaxial signal and power supply are combined to transmit on a coaxial line
3. What is the difference between the two in terms of technical characteristics
1) different transmission media
Poe system transmits by twisted pair, while POC system transmits by coaxial cable
2) different transmission modes
Poe transmits digital network signal on differential line through cat. 5 and above network cable, and supplies power to PD terminal at the same time. There are usually two ways of Poe power supply, as shown in the figure below: the first one uses 8-core network cable, uses No.4, No.5, No.6 and No.7 idle terminals for power transmission, and the signal and power are transmitted separately; The second one uses 4-core network cable, that is, 1 and 6 data terminals are used to transmit both power supply and digital signal, so as to realize superimposed transmission of signal and power supply.