The project side has not given up Ethereum

1. Ethereum is a new and open blockchain platform, which allows anyone to build and use decentralized applications running through blockchain technology in the platform
just like bitcoin, Ethereum is neither controlled nor owned by anyone - it is an open source project created by many people around the world. Different from bitcoin protocol, Ethereum's design is very flexible and adaptable. It is very easy to create new applications on the Ethereum platform. With the release of homestead, anyone can use the applications on this platform safely
Ethereum is a programmable blockchain. It does not give users a series of preset operations, but allows users to create complex operations according to their own wishes. In this way, it can be used as a platform for many types of decentralized blockchain applications
in a narrow sense, Ethereum refers to a series of protocols that define a decentralized application platform. The core of Ethereum is Ethereum virtual machine (EVM), which can encode any complex algorithm. In computer science terminology, Ethereum is "Turing complete.". Developers can use the existing JavaScript and python as the model of other friendly programming languages to create applications running on the Ethereum simulator.

2.

Ethereum energy coin is not MLM

Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function. Ethereum provides decentralized virtual machine (Ethereum virtual machine) to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency Ethereum

in 2013, vitalik buterin, 19, first mentioned the idea of Ethereum in a book entitled "Ethereum white paper: next generation intelligent connection and decentralized application platform". Then, in 2014, the algorithm and protocol of Ethernet coin were officially implemented, and $150 million was raised. The system itself was finally completed on July 30, 2015

as the representative of blockchain 2.0, the mainstream currency Ethernet is regarded as the wind vane of crypto digital currency market. However, over the past week, the price of ether currency has continued to fall. On August 14, 2018, the ethereal currency plummeted by 20%, reaching a record low of $257 this year. Compared with this year's peak of $1295, the price of Ethernet currency has shrunk by more than 80%. Affected by this, on August 15, 2018, none of the top ten mainstream currencies in the digital money market was spared, falling across the board, with a number of single day declines exceeding 10%

extended data

Ethereum started planning almost in 2013, and started to implement the project in 2015. Before that, there were many digital currencies imitating bitcoin in the market, and they made various modifications on the basis of bitcoin code. In this way, it is very difficult to develop a new blockchain application, to re deploy a new chain, and then to develop an application on this chain. Using a consensus mechanism of pow alone is a huge maintenance workload. It's like developing an app on a mobile phone and developing the Android system together

after Ethereum comes out, it is equivalent to the underlying operating system of the blockchain. On Ethereum, it is very convenient to develop various dapps without considering the underlying development, and it can also share the computing power and storage of Ethereum. For programmers, the threshold of blockchain development is lowered instantly. The emergence of Ethereum has played a very important role in the development and popularization of blockchain applications. That's why Ethereum is called blockchain 2.0

3.

There is an essential difference between Ethereum and bitcoin. What is the difference? Bitcoin defines a set of currency system, while Ethereum focuses on building a main chain (which can be understood as a road) to allow a large number of blockchain applications to run on this road

from this point of view, Ethereum's application scenarios are more extensive, which is why we say that Ethereum marks a simple monetary system in the era of blockchain

1.0, and a transformation to other instries and application scenarios in the era of blockchain 2.0

however, there is no perfect thing in the world. Although Ethereum has expanded the application scope of blockchain in all walks of life and improved the speed of transaction processing, it also has some disputes and doubts

first, the solution to the lack of scalability of Ethereum: slicing technology and lightning network

the bottom design of Ethereum, the biggest problem is that Ethereum has only one chain and no side chain, which means that all programs have to run on this chain equally, consuming resources and causing system congestion. Just like last year's very popular Ethereum game "encryption cat", when this game was very popular, it once caused Ethereum network paralysis

to improve the processing capacity, Ethereum proposes two ways: shard and lightning network. Let's introce these two technologies respectively

(1) fragmentation technology

vitalik buterin, founder of Ethereum, believes that the reason why mainstream blockchain networks such as bitcoin process transactions very slowly is that every miner has to process every transaction in the whole network, which is actually very inefficient. The idea of fragmentation technology is: a transaction does not need to be processed by all nodes in the whole network, as long as some nodes (miners) in the network are allowed to process it. Therefore, Ethereum network is divided into many pieces. At the same time, each piece can handle different transactions. In this way, the network performance will be greatly improved

however, the slicing technology is also controversial. As we all know, the important idea of blockchain technology is decentralization. Only when the whole network witnesses (processes) the same transaction can it have the highest authority. The Ethereum slicing technology is similar to the group witness, not all nodes witness together. In this way, it will lose the absolute "decentralization" attribute, and can only achieve the purpose of high performance by sacrificing certain characteristics of decentralization

(2) lightning network

lightning network uses the way of transaction under the chain. What does that mean? It means: when the participants of lightning network transfer money to each other, they do not need to confirm the transaction through the main chain of Ethereum, but create a payment channel between the participants and complete it under the chain

however, lightning network is not separated from the main chain. Before establishing a payment channel, you need to use the assets on the main chain as collateral to generate a balance proof, which indicates that you can transfer the corresponding balance. In the case that both parties of the transaction hold the balance certificate, both parties can make unlimited number of transfers under the chain through the payment channel

only when the off chain transaction is completed and the assets need to be transferred back to the chain, the balance change information of the main chain account will be registered on the Ethereum main chain, and no matter how many transactions occur ring this period, there will be no record on the main chain

another real benefit of lightning network is that it can save the cost of miners for you. At present, when we trade on the main chain of Ethereum, we need to consume gas and pay for miners. Once we move the transaction to the lower chain, we can save this part of the cost

Of course, lightning network is not perfect. When using the lightning network, the assets on the main chain should be used as collateral; And this part of assets as collateral can not be used before the user completes the transaction under the chain. This also determines that lightning trading is only suitable for small transactions

the above is the problem of insufficient scalability of Ethereum, as well as the two main solutions: fragmentation technology and lightning network

Second, there are loopholes in Ethereum's smart contract and the infamous Dao event

Ethereum's smart contract is very powerful, but there are loopholes in any code. The biggest controversy of Ethereum's smart contract lies in the so-called loopholes, that is, security issues. According to relevant research, 34200 (about 3%) of the nearly 1 million smart contracts based on Ethereum contain security vulnerabilities, which will allow hackers to steal eth, freeze assets or delete contracts, such as the infamous Dao incident

(1) what does Dao mean

before introcing the Dao event, let's first introce what Dao is. Dao is the abbreviation of decentralized

autonomous organization, which can be understood as decentralized autonomous organization. From the perspective of Ethereum, Dao is a kind of contract or a combination of contracts on the blockchain, which is used to replace the government's review and complex intermediate proceres, so as to achieve an efficient and decentralized trust system. Therefore, Dao is not a specific organization, that is to say, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao

(2) the infamous Dao event

however, when we talk about Dao now, we basically refer to the Dao event, that is, the infamous hacker attack event we just mentioned. As we know, the English word "the" refers to "the Dao event". The Dao event

refers to "the Dao event", because we just said that Dao is not a specific organization, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao

in 2016, slock.it, a German company focusing on "smart locks", launched the Dao project on Ethereum in order to realize decentralized physical exchange (such as apartments and ships). Since April 30, 2016, the financing window has been open for 28 days

unexpectedly, this Dao project is very popular. It raised more than US $100 million in just half a month. By the end of the whole financing period, it raised a total of US $150 million. Therefore, it has become the largest crowdfunding project in history. However, it didn't last long. In June, hackers took advantage of the loopholes in the smart contract to successfully transfer more than 3.6 million Ethernet coins and put them into a Dao sub organization, which has the same structure as the Dao. At that time, the price of Ethernet currency fell directly from more than $20 to less than $13

this event shows that there are loopholes in smart contracts, and once the loopholes are exploited by hackers, the consequences will be very serious. This is why many people criticize Ethereum and say that its smart contract is not smart

to solve this problem, many foreign companies begin to provide code audit services in order to solve the vulnerability problem of smart contract. From a technical point of view, some teams are currently testing smart contracts. Most of these teams are led by professors from Harvard, Stanford and Yale, and some of them have obtained investment from leading institutions

in addition to the problems of insufficient expansibility and loopholes in smart contracts, the controversy over Ethereum lies in the POS consensus mechanism it pursues, that is, the proof of equity mechanism. Under the proof of equity mechanism, if anyone holds more money and holds it for a longer time, he will get more "rights" (interests) and have the opportunity to get bookkeeping power, Bookkeeping can also be rewarded. In this way, it is easy to create the oligarchic advantage of "the stronger the stronger"

Another problem is the chaos of ICO. ICO is a common way to raise funds for blockchain projects, which we can understand as pre-sale. The outbreak of ICO projects on Ethereum has caused illegal activities such as fund allocation and money fraud under the banner of ICO, which has caused security risks to social and financial stability

4. Ethereum blockchain has exposed three major problems, and its founder vitalik buterin has been unable to interpret them for a long time. The first is the low performance and TPS of Ethereum blockchain as a whole; The second is that resources are not isolated. The event of cryptokitties virtual cat once occupied 20% of the traffic of the whole Ethereum, which directly caused Ethereum network users unable to carry out timely transactions, which is the biggest pain point of resources not isolated; The third problem lies in the embodiment of Ethereum's governance structure. As a decentralized distributed ledger, the founder team of Ethereum has dominated its network development in the past. The over centralized governance mode has led to the bifurcation of eth, etc and ETF in Ethereum, and the Ethereum community is now in a state of fragmented governance. In the view of Ma Haobo, founder and CEO of "aelf", all kinds of disadvantages of Ethereum are unacceptable. Therefore, the positioning of "aelf" is born for the next generation of decentralized underlying computing platform of Ethereum, which focuses on solving the problems of insufficient performance, non isolation of resources and governance structure of Ethereum.

5. The real digital currency, the country has not yet issued. Today's digital currency is issued by swindlers. If you buy it, it's not as good as Ming coin. You can see it, touch it, and know who sold it to you.

6. Ethereum continues to hold for a long time and will rise again this year. Simu has access to the TS tourism chain. If there is no channel, it's better to invest in ether and dog coin.

7. It's normal that you haven't seen a genealogy, or it's in someone else's house. You may have a genealogy in your house

8. This involves the built-in C2C decentralized trading mechanism of Fangche. You can exchange different assets with other eth accounts in the community

9. If the project falls down, the currency will not disappear for the time being, but the currency price will soon drop to 0 e to the currency being removed from the exchange. Therefore, when we buy currency, we must know the background and credibility of the project team, and whether the project code or project progress has been updated regularly. Currencies such as LRC, vite and mana often update and disclose the progress of the project. They will feel more at ease to buy these currencies.

10. First, the IPFs team is indeed very mysterious in domestic reports
Juan Banet, the founder of the IPFs team, seldom participates in blockchain summit or some offline activities reported in China, and does not have the same high exposure as the founders of Ethereum V God or other project parties. The founders of other projects are often invited to give speeches at regional blockchain summit or serve as platforms for emerging projects. The IPFs team rarely participates in some summit activities held in China, and never provides platform for other projects. According to the official weekly report of ipfs.io, the IPFs team has only organized five community activities in 2018, which are for community enthusiasts, and other meetings are for developers who need to be invited
Second, the filecoin project has not been launched for a long time, and the progress of the project is not very dynamic
according to the blog information on the official website of filecoin, filecoin was crowdfunding on the coinlist platform (a financing platform dedicated to providing initial token issuance (ICO) for certified investors and high-quality blockchain projects) on August 12, 2017. Tens of thousands of investments and excessive traffic also caused some twists and turns in the crowdfunding process of the platform. Since then, a blog notice was sent on September 13, 17, raising more than 205 million dollars in investment. By 2018, the blog has been updated four times, one is a quarterly report on January 1, and the last three are quarterly reports and Q & A in the second half of the year. Compared with other 17 years of crowdfunding projects such as EOS, quantum qtum and omg, filecoin can almost be said to be very low-key and stable
thirdly, there are too many manufacturers selling storage mining machines under the name of IPFs in the market, so it is inevitable that there are black heart manufacturers
e to the rich experience of bitcoin and Ethereum's early miners, many investors who missed the filecoin crowdfunding ICO can think of an investment opportunity to dig filecoin. So a lot of people smell business opportunities in it. For a while, IPFs mining machine manufacturers of various brands have sprung up, but filecoin has not been online for a long time. What should we do? As a result, with the technology vision of IPFs and all kinds of false propaganda, there are generally three types of black heart manufacturers:
the first is to take the equipment with a cost of 300 and sell it at a price of 1000 yuan or even 10000 yuan. Such equipment is often small boxes that look like routers. According to the feedback from the professional team participating in the test of filecoin development network, such a small box can't find filecoin
the second kind of scam is to take the white paper of filecoin, delete and modify it, turn it into a new project, and then sell the exclusive mining machine developed by ourselves. This kind of project side, while selling high priced mining machines, takes out part of the profits and manages the market value of the excavated tokens in the exchange. It can be said that it is a double harvest, which makes it impossible to prevent
the third kind of scam, with the name of cloud computing power and node hosting, has no entity. It mainly sells at a high price through the bonus mode of more than three levels, and over promises revenue and online time. Such a brand can not be found on the Internet, not to mention on the official website
Fourth, the filecoin project has not been launched yet, but the exchange can't wait to launch the futures trading
after learning about the filecoin project, some investors decided to go to the exchange to buy some fils and wait for the currency price of the project to rise. It should be noted that the fils currently traded in the exchange are futures. First of all, the fil purchased here can't be circulated, and it can't be extracted from the personal wallet. It can only be stored in the exchange. Secondly, there are fil6, fil12 and fil36 in the current futures trading, which respectively represent the delivery of filecoin six months, 12 months and 36 months after it goes online. In other words, after the main network goes online, it still needs to wait several months to get the real fil, which still has certain risks
fifthly, many Paolu public chains have written IPFs as their underlying technology into the white paper, which has led many investors who have lost all their money to talk about "IPFs"
among them, there are two projects with relatively high exposure. The first one is filecash coin, or FCC for short. It claims to be the first public storage chain in Hong Kong based on IPFs technology. Its founder, Mr. coin, once made the headlines for throwing paper money on the streets of Hong Kong. At present, the "master coin" has been arrested, and the FCC's official website has been unable to open, and the platform trading has disappointed investors because of the multiple rounds of currency price diving.