Developing DAPP on MAC Ethereum
Ethereum is an implementation of blockchain. In Ethereum network, many nodes are connected with each other to form Ethereum network:
Ethereum node software provides two core functions: data storage and contract code execution
in each Ethereum node, complete blockchain data is stored. Ethereum not only saves the transaction data on the chain, but also saves the compiled contract code on the chain
At the same time, a virtual machine is provided to execute the contract code Ethereum virtual machine
Ethereum blockchain not only stores data and code, but also contains a virtual machine (EVM) in each node to execute contract code - it sounds like a computer operating system
in fact, this is the core difference between Ethereum and bitcoin: the existence of virtual machine has brought blockchain into the era of 2.0 and made blockchain a friendly platform for application developers for the first time
the above content comes from the introction course of Ethereum DAPP development
1. Different network architectures:
decentralized application (DAPP) runs on the distributed network, the information of participants is protected (or anonymous), and the decentralized operation is carried out through different people in the network nodes. Distributed network is made up of node computers which are distributed in different places and have multiple terminals. When any line in the network fails, the communication can be completed through other links, which has high reliability
traditional app needs services provided by third-party service providers, and can achieve wireless network access through mobile communication network, which belongs to the centralized network architecture mode
2. Different from open source:
DAPP applications must be open source. Most of the tokens issued by DAPP run independently rather than controlled by an entity. All data and records must be encrypted and stored on a public and decentralized blockchain
traditional app software, games, navigation and other applications are generally provided by third-party service providers, which should solve the problems of right protection and economic interests, and their programs are not open source
extended data
in 2018, a large number of new DAPP projects were launched. According to the statistics, there are about two or three thousand dapps in the whole network. According to the DAPP survey of fluence labs, 72% of DAPP projects were launched in 2018. This means that in the past year, the number of dapps in the whole network has more than tripled
of all dapps, more than 80% are developed on Ethereum, about 20% on EOS and less than 10% on Tron. It is worth noting that about 10% of the projects are developed on multiple main chains at the same time, while the number of dapps developed on other main chains is relatively rare
there are about ten projects based on gxchain, mainly small applications in block city
Bitcoin has opened the era of blockchain 1.0, which is characterized by providing a different way of thinking for value transfer, that is, value transfer no longer depends on centralized institutions such as banks. During this period, as more and more people were familiar with bitcoin, many people began to learn from the idea of bitcoin, so a large number of counterfeit coins appeared
the reason why these counterfeit coins are called "counterfeit coins" is that their source code is similar to that of bitcoin, and there is no substantive breakthrough. They also have the shortcomings of bitcoin, and there is no breakthrough improvement. However, people do not have the problem of bitcoin. Many people in the bitcoin community hope to solve these problems through a variety of technical means, so as to make the bitcoin system perfect
Among them, there is a Russian teenager named vitalik buterin, who is also eager to make up for the shortcomings of bitcoin system as soon as possiblefirst, you play games in a lively way, while others play games as gatekeepers
when he was 13 years old, he was a typical Internet addict, addicted to world of Warcraft. One day, the game company of world of Warcraft suddenly cancelled his favorite warlock "life siphon" skill. He was very angry and contacted the company many times to restore the skill. However, the game company did not agree
as a result, Butlin began to reflect that in Internet games, players, as participants, are actually very weak. The strong ones are game developers, who are the center of a game. Has the final say that the game player has no say what the developers want to do, and can only choose to accept or leave passively. p>
Butlin realized the disadvantages of centralization through "world of Warcraft", so he began to look for ways to break the centralization. Butlin realized bitcoin from his father, a programmer, and became so interested that he decided to give up the aura of a famous university and drop out of the University of Waterloo to travel around the world to exchange and learn with blockchain enthusiasts all over the world
at that time, bitcoin enthusiasts were going all out to add more functionality to bitcoin and build bitcoin 2.0. But Butlin believes that the establishment of a new programming language is bitcoin's top priority. So, at the age of 19, Butlin wrote a new white paper, which is the rudiment of Ethereum white paper. Butlin mentioned in the white paper
: he hopes to create a variety of applications based on the common programming language, such as social networking, trading, games... These ideas have been strongly echoed by the bitcoin community, and more and more people have joined in the design of Ethereum. Finally, this project was named "Ethereum" by Butlin, because "Ethereum" is a kind of material that has not been confirmed under scientific theory, implying Butlin's expectation for the project
in June 2015, Ethereum officially released
in the next two years, Ethereum's cryptocurrency "Ethereum" became the most popular digital asset after bitcoin. The price of Ethereum increased 85 times in 2017, and more than 20 global top financial institutions and technology companies, such as JPMorgan Chase, Chicago Board of exchange, Microsoft, Intel and Accenture, established the enterprise Ethereum alliance, Butlin has become a blockchain God "V God" from a young boy
2. The great potential of Ethereum to activate blockchain
the emergence of Ethereum has activated the great potential behind blockchain. Why do you say that
the breakthrough of Ethereum is that it not only upgrades the blockchain to an operating system, so that you can develop an application chain on this basis, but also allows you to publish your own tokens in a very simple way
different from bitcoin's preset trading system operation, Ethereum is a programmable blockchain:
Ethereum allows users to create their own operations that meet their needs and have different degrees of complexity. In this sense, Ethereum is a platform. This "platform" has built a relatively complete "system", which is a bit similar to Android and apple. Application developers can develop various applications on this system
this setting makes Ethereum break through the single "monetary function" of bitcoin, and expand the application scenarios of blockchain technology to all aspects. Now, for example, we can do a lot of things through mobile app: paying fees, ordering meals, taking a taxi, shopping and so on. Similarly, developers can develop DAPP (blockchain application) on Ethereum. In the future, you can use DAPP to replace app, paying fees, ordering meals, taking a taxi, shopping and so on. Ethereum gives us these beautiful visions
Thirdly, the consensus mechanism of Ethereum is different from that of bitcoin. As we mentioned earlier, bitcoin decides its bookkeeping rights through the consensus mechanism of pow. Although the security index of pow is high, the energy consumption and cost of mining are huge, and the transaction processing speed is still very slow. Therefore, Ethereum further enriched the technology of bitcoin and proposed a new mining mechanism, namely, proof of interest (POS) The "proof of equity" proposed by Ethereum is similar to the shareholder mechanism. The more shares people have, the easier they are to obtain the bookkeeping right. It is a system of interest distribution according to the amount and time of holding money. The core logic of POS mechanism is: who holds the currency, who has the control of the network. It should be noted that in the POS mechanism, there is still computing power mining, which needs to solve a mathematical problem. However, the difficulty of the mathematical problem is related to the "age" of the coin holder. The longer the coin holder holds the coin, the easier the difficulty will be, and the greater the probability of digging the coin Fourthly, the controversial ICOEthereum is an open source system, similar to the current Android and apple systems. Developers can develop various applications on it. Most of the ICO projects are based on Ethereum. If developers want to develop blockchain applications (DAPP) on Ethereum, they need to raise certain funds through ICO as operation and maintenance costs
The concept of ICO was very popular in 2017, which was once considered as the main reason for the bull market in 2017 What's the matter with ICO? ICO (initial coin offering) is a way to raise funds for digital currency / blockchain projects. Because the token has market value, it can be converted into legal currency. In this way, it can be used as the development cost of the project. And early participants can get the initial issue of digital currency in returngenerally speaking, if a blockchain game company announces: we are going to issue money for private placement (ICO)! If you are particularly optimistic about this project, if you want to participate, you need to buy a certain number of Ethereum and call the wallet address of the blockchain game project party, which is equivalent to that you have participated in the crowdfunding (ICO) of the blockchain game project party. When the currency of this blockchain game company can be traded on the exchange, then they will pay you back according to certain rules
it seems that ICO in blockchain field is similar to IPO in stock field, isn't it? you 're right! In fact, ICO in the blockchain field is very similar to IPO in the stock field. Let's take a look at their general explanation:
IPO refers to an enterprise or company (limited company) selling its shares to the public for the first time
ICO refers to an enterprise or company (mostly blockchain start-ups) selling its token to the public for the first time
however, normally speaking, it is very difficult for an enterprise or company to go through the IPO process. It is very difficult to go through "BP seed round Angel round a round B round C round D pre IPO IPO IPO" without five to eight years. However, ICO in the field of blockchain can only be realized in three to eight months by "white paper - cornerstone investment - Private Placement -
- ICO - Stock Exchange"
This is also the reason why ICO is controversial. At present, many countries define ICO as an illegal act. It is not unreasonable to ban ICO, because at present, the state has no relevant supervision on this aspect, so it is very easy for the project party to illegally raise funds and circle money, which not only causes great losses to investors, but also disrupts the normal financial order Fifthly, the most important feature of Ethereum is the introction of "smart contract". What does smart contract mean? Smart contract is to define a set of trading rules in the form of code. In our daily life, we usually sign paper contracts, and the implementation of paper contracts needs centralized institutions, that is, the court to supervise. The "smart contract" proposed by Ethereum is to realize decentralized automatic execution through programthe account called "smart contract account" will only be executed according to the code. This technology has a wide range of applications, including insurance, equity, trust and so on. It can be said that this technology can be applied to all activities that need trust
Sixth, the significance of Ethereum: it represents the blockchain 2.0 era. After the glorious period of 2017, now, in the face of bear market, some ICO projects are worried about being tired by the bear market and cash out one after another, leading to a sharp drop in the price of Ethereum. V God, the founder of Ethereum, is also deeply involved in all kinds of rumors. There are often rumors that he is going to quit Ethereum and he is running away However, Ethereum is indeed a leap forward in blockchain technology, which represents the era of blockchain2.0. If bitcoin represents the era of blockchain 1.0, it provides new ideas and new methods for value transfer; Then, the blockchain 2.0 era represented by Ethereum makes the commercial application of blockchain possible
continue to dig 75 in Ag
go back to learn skills and go to the thousand layer stone forest. Dig slowly
you will want to die
. If you have money, buy some mines to melt
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