Blockchaininfo

1. Preface: please make sure that you have a basic understanding of electronic money (especially cryptography money) before reading this article, and understand the basic knowledge of "POW workload proof mechanism", timestamp and block chain system, decentralization, etc., which will not be repeated here

bitcoin is rising wildly, and e-money has set off a wave of speculation. Light currency (LTC) soared more than ten times, reaching a high price of 300 yuan. At the same time, a large number of counterfeit coins appeared, and the increase was amazing. It's not unusual to see them rise several times a day. E-money market has shown a strong speculative, investment risk has emerged. But is bitcoin the only winner? Is there any other e-coin that can "" the miracle of bitcoin, or even surpass it

assuming the success of e-money in the future, some people say that we only need one e-money. If the number of bitcoin is limited, it's OK to use mbtc or smaller units to trade when the price is very high. Other electronic coins are repetitive and meaningless

let's see how bitcoin has changed from "meaningless behavior" to a successful case, and what experience can be summed up

firstly, based on the combination of private key and public key of electronic cryptocurrency, bitcoin creatively proposed the block chain mechanism, as well as the binding of mining (protecting the whole network) and currency issuance rewards. And the implementation of a constant total to create deflation expectations, difficulty automatic adjustment to ensure fairness, as well as competitive mining and competitive block branches, to maximize the protection of the interests of the holders and miners, to achieve a win-win situation

this mechanism mobilizes the enthusiasm of miners and forms a virtuous circle. BTC rises, calculating power rises, calculating power rises, BTC is more stable and has higher value, so as to promote the price to continue to rise. Until now, bitcoin has formed an indestructible block chain system, which is the most valuable part of the bitcoin system, ensuring the maximum security of bitcoin holders, as well as the decentralized network structure, ensuring the openness and fairness of the bitcoin world. Social capital has invested a lot in bitcoin, forming a whole instrial chain. This is the value created by bitcoin from scratch. Although there are speculative factors, to a certain extent, the market value of bitcoin reflects this value

BTC market value: http://blockchain.info/charts/market-cap

BTC calculation force: http://blockchain.info/charts/hash-rate

but does this mean that bitcoin must be the most successful, and it will forever occupy the market share of the whole e-money in the future without further improvement

next, I'll make a comparison with LTC. Instead of recommending buying LTC, I'll talk about whether LTC can solve some problems of BTC and whether it will cause some new troubles< First of all, BTC has the following problems:

1, long confirmation time

I casually selected the current mining records and found that the block confirmation time was too long. First of all, the BTC default 10 minutes out of the block, has been a relatively long time. For some deals, it's a time of impatience. And because the difficulty is already very high, the block time is further uneven, sometimes it is normal not to block for 20 minutes. These 20 minutes, together with the confirmation waiting time and other processing time of various trading websites, often result in extremely slow recharge and withdrawal speed. It is common to wait for an hour. Waiting for a bitcoin transaction is really a boring thing, which limits its application in reality. Even for this reason, a third party, similar to Alipay's third party centralization letter, is needed to solve.

the two-and-a-half block time of LTC greatly alleviates this problem. An LTC transaction will be completed in a short time without any anxious waiting. It can be said that LTC solves the problem of BTC

2, centralization

although BTC claims to be a decentralized currency, it is relative to legal currency. In practice, e to historical problems and ASIC mining machine problems, BTC's centralization problem is very serious, which can be discussed from two aspects

the first is the centralization of computing power. Although ASIC mining machine is inevitable in history, BTC is rising rapidly, so the centralization of computing power is very serious. It can be seen from this picture that the first and second mines are ready to start 51%. Although it is said that 51% will destroy the whole network, which is not good for the mining pool, bitcoin is a place outside the law after all. Everything is guaranteed by mathematical formulas and algorithms, and credit is established voluntarily. In the face of huge profit temptation, it is inevitable that nothing will happen, or the confidence of the holders will be affected. This is not good for bitcoin

some people say that LTC will develop special mining machines sooner or later, so as to enter the era of centralization. I think there is a degree of problem. After all, it is a fact that bitcoin mines are seriously concentrated, and as long as the concentration of LTC is lower than BTC, the risk can be smaller

the second is the centralization of holding money. I don't have statistics of LTC holding currency here, but I have statistics of BTC holding currency. This centralization of holding money is appalling. This means that a very small number of people control the vast majority of the wealth of the entire network. Of course, some addresses belong to the exchange, but this is absolutely very serious differentiation. Here's the data: http://btc.ondn.net/search

and the centralization of computing power aggravates this situation: half of bitcoin has been g out and concentrated in the hands of a few people, and then the rest that has not been g out will also be g out by a few people (because of the concentration of computing power). The new people have no choice but to pay for it

although some people refute me that since BTC is valuable, it should be exchanged with legal currency. The problem is that when the existing BTC has been monopolized, the future BTC will also be monopolized, and the price is not set by the buyer. It's like everyone says that China's real estate is unfair. If the existing houses are controlled by a few "real estate uncle" people, The land development in the future is also tightly controlled by the Bureau of land and resources. Isn't it true that the common people have to pay for it, and how much they will pay for it is up to them

- the original attitude towards real estate changed when it came to BTC. Of course, the reason is that the bottom of the BTC holder determines the head. As if you bought a few suites, you will say that the real estate market is fair

by contrast, LTC has only g up a quarter of the total, and the computing power is relatively average. Any ordinary people can buy a graphics card to dig their own mines. At least the new LTC can be obtained at a relatively balanced price. From this point of view, if the overall value of e-money needs to be increased by 10 billion or even 100 billion US dollars in the future, then adding all of them to BTC will only lead to a few people becoming millionaires of 100 billion US dollars, which is obviously not the original intention of developing e-money< There is a serious problem with Nakamoto's BTC, which is that Nakamoto has more than 2 million BTCs. Now we are willing to believe that Nakamoto is a good man and a God, but how can we trust an indivial when we believe in mathematics and physics? On the premise of minimum trust, Nakamoto is also a mortal. If the market value of BTC is large enough, Nakamoto's goods will become a time bomb. Even if he doesn't drop the price, he becomes the God of the world and has the most wealth. Not to mention that some BTCs confiscated by the FBI will be auctioned sooner or later. This good thing that has contributed to the American people will be left to the people of the world

LTC does not have this problem. The history is very clean. We dig together and everything is open. When digging LTC, many players already have BTC experience, so the mining is relatively balanced at the beginning, and there is no private situation such as the founding team stealing. This has laid a good foundation for LTC.

4. Whether the gold silver ratio is applicable to BTC and LTC is a funny question, which just shows the ignorance of public speculators. Bitkin, Wright silver, said that this statement of the media is a manifestation of extreme ignorance

first of all, is the value of e-money related to the circulation? If the circulation of LTC is a quarter of that of BTC, is the value of LTC a quarter of that of BTC? If I issue a kind of NCC with brain damage now, with only one circulation, should the price be 9999999

it's just as ridiculous to anchor the issue volume as to compare the circulation of stocks. Money can only be valued by the total market value. It's meaningless to talk about circulation. As for the gold and silver ratio, it's a big laugh. The ratio of gold and silver is determined by the instrial value and output of gold and silver. Electronic money has no value other than monetary property, and there is no such thing as output and reserves. The output and reserves of money are only monetary units. If you don't understand this, you can go back to the furnace

moreover, BTC and LTC have direct exchange markets, and their proportion is the result of market game, which is the short-term optimal solution in itself. There is nothing to say. What the market says is what it says, which has nothing to do with the current market, let alone gold and silver

5. About Shanzhai coin

some people say that LTC is also a kind of "counterfeit" currency, which has no value. Some people think that with so many counterfeit coins, you can fry any one that is not. I think both views are wrong

first of all, BTC is an open-source e-coin, and the word "Shanzhai" itself contains a strong central idea in the minds of the Chinese people, hoping that an Immortal Emperor or Nakamoto congda God has made a kind of immortal coin, and the others are all from "Shanzhai". In the open source world, everyone has the right to make money. Any money is "counterfeit" money. Bitcoin was worthless before, and its value was given after the market recognized it. As long as another currency can also be recognized and accepted by the market, it is reasonable to give it a market value, and the amount of market value given is also determined by the market, which may not exceed bitcoin

assuming that the long-term market is effective, excluding speculation, whether a currency can be given value by the market mainly depends on several factors (I personally think)

2. The technology behind bitcoin has established a reliable account book, which has changed many people's lives. Its significance goes far beyond the scope of cryptocurrency
1. When Honran police rushed into Mariana Catalina Izaguirre's home one day in 2009 and wanted to expel her, she had lived in this shabby house for more than 30 years. Unlike her neighbor, Mariana Catalina Izaguirre even has a government housing certificate, but unfortunately, according to the information from the local government housing authority, the housing department and another person, the "homeowner", applied to the court for an expulsion order, and finally Ms. lzaguirre was forced to leave
this kind of wrangling is very common all over the world e to unclear registration or missing records. The lack of housing ownership protection is also the source of injustice. It has also become difficult to use houses or land as collateral for financing
bitcoin can make such problems disappear. Bitcoin is a "smart" currency based on encryption algorithm. We should pay more attention to the technology behind bitcoin: blockchain. It means more than money or cash. It creates a way of accounting to solve mutual distrust
that's why politicians consulted Factom, an American start-up that provides a prototype for land registration based on regional chains, to clean up Honran property institutions. Greece is also interested. It has no proper land registration policy. Only 7% of the land is right on the map
2. Blockchain and other similar "distributed account book" applications can be extended to prevent diamond theft and supermarket pipeline. NASDAQ Exchange will soon use blockchain system to record transactions of private enterprises. British banks dislike technological civilization, but it seems to be stimulated: in its research report last year, it wrote that distributed accounting is a great innovation and will have a profound impact on the financial instry
politicians think further: when partners and the left gathered in this year's ouishare Fest in Paris to discuss how grassroots enterprises have shaken big data companies such as Facebook, the regional chain appeared in every speech. In the dream of freedom in the world, more government regulations are replaced by private contracts between indivials - encryption algorithms will strengthen themselves
the blockchain was conceived by Satoshi Nakamoto, the amazing and so far the only confirmed founder of bitcoin - "completely equivalent electronic currency," he wrote in an article published in 2008. In order for it to be like money, bitcoin has to be transferred from the account it is fighting for, and can be consumed twice by the same person. In order to realize the dream of a decentralized system like Nakamoto, bitcoin must avoid any dependence on third parties, such as banks hidden behind ordinary payment systems
blockchain can replace the third party. It can hold the transaction history of each bitcoin and provide evidence of any person at any time. Distribution systems can be replicated in thousands of computers - the "nodes" of bitcoin - everywhere in the world, and can be made public. But even with such openness, it is still credible and safe. The complexity of the mathematical algorithm and the computational brute force cracking built in its "consensus mechanism" - the node agrees to upgrade the blockchain process according to the bitcoin circulation - ensure this
for example, Alice wants to pay Bob for rental services. They all have bitcoin wallets - software that goes directly to the blockchain, not to the web like a browser, but doesn't identify users in the system. When Alice's wallet began to apply, the transaction started, and the blockchain began to change to show that Alice's wallet was less and Bob's was more

the network needs to change through several stages in this process. When the application passes through multiple nodes in the network, check the ledger to confirm whether Alice has the bitcoin she wants to spend. If everything looks ok, the specific node will instruct miners to bundle Alice's request to connect with other similar reputable transactions, and create a new mole in the blockchain
this involves decomposing the mole into a series of data of specified length by encrypting a hash function (see chart). Like many encryptions, this hash is a one-way street. Data can be dispersed, but conversely, it is impossible to aggregate data from dispersion. But even though hash doesn't hold data, it's still unique. Changing the entry mole in any way - changing the transaction with a simple number - hashing will be different
3. Along with other data, hash will be placed in the first place (header) of the development mole. The first one then becomes the basis of practical mathematical puzzles, again involving hash functions. Puzzles can only be solved by tests and errors. Through the Internet, miners is experimenting with hundreds of millions of possibilities to find answers. When a miner finally finds out the answer, other nodes will quickly check (go one-way again: it's hard to solve, but it's easy to check), and each node will confirm the solution, and then upgrade to the blockchain. The first hash will be the confirmation line for the new mole, which is now part of the account book. Alice pays Bob and all other transactions in the mole are confirmed
in the decryption phase, three things are introced to greatly enhance the security of bitcoin. One is chance. You can't predict which miner will solve the puzzle, so you can't predict who will upgrade the blockchain at a given time, except that it must be the most diligent miner, not other random slackers. It makes cheating difficult
the second point is history. Each new first part contains the hash function of the first part of the previous mole, and it contains the hash function of the last part, so it goes back and forth to the starting point. This association makes the mole a circular chain. Starting with all the data in the account book, it's a small matter to regenerate the top of the latest mole. Despite making a change anywhere - even back to one of the earliest moles - the first changed mole will be different. This means the same for the next mole, and all the later moles. The account book will not pass through the latest mole identifier and will be rejected
is there a solution? Imagine Alice changing her mind to pay Bob and trying to rewrite history so that bitcoin will still be in her purse. If she is a capable miner, she can solve the urgent puzzle and make a new version of blockchain. But in the time she does, the rest of the network will have extended the original blockchain. Nodes will always work in the longest version of the blockchain. This rule prevented two miners from finding a solution at the same time and led to worse consequences in the chain than temporary forks. It also prevents cheating. In order for the system to accept her new version, Alice needs to extend it faster than anyone else. Not being able to control more than half of the computers - the technical term is "51% attack" - should not be possible
4, not to mention the possibility of subverting the above network, another deep-seated question is: why do you want to be a member of this network? The answer is the third "decryption" step, and there are rewards. Each new block has a new bitcoin, and the person who solves the puzzle will get 25 bitcoin rewards, about $7500
all the above ingenious designs are not the real attraction of bitcoin. Its value lies in instability and unpredictability, as shown in the figure below, but the total amount of bitcoin is fixed. The mechanism of blockchain also works well. According to a website called blockchain.info, on average, more than 120000 transactions are added to the blockchain every day, which means about $75 million in transactions. At present, there are 380000 blocks, and the size of this account book is nearly 45gb

most of the data in the blockchain is bitcoin, but it is not necessary. Mr Nakamoto has also created a distributed system and written a related explanation. Technology geeks call it: open platform. This platform imitates the Internet, including operating systems such as Android or windows. Developers can develop applications based on the basic functions of blockchain without anyone's permission. Chris Dixon of Andreessen Horowitz, which invests in bitcoin startups, said: this kind of network will eventually become a public database. It is understood that Andreessen Horowitz has invested in coinbase, a bitcoin wallet company, and 21, a bitcoin hardware equipment company for the public
at present, the application based on blockchain has three major fields. The first is to complete all suggestions through blockchain. Colo, a start-up company, is betting that in this model, they have developed an algorithm to "Polish" some small bitcoin transactions, so that they can represent such transactions as securities and precious metals
to protect the validity of land or house signature has become a typical application in the second category. Bitcoin transactions will add the signature to the account book of the blockchain. Everledger, a start-up company, protects luxury goods in this way. For example, they record the texture attribute of a gem in the blockchain data. If the gem is lost, it can provide the most intuitive proof. Onename stores personal information in a similar way; Note that this kind of application is not pure bitcoin transaction, so you need to give more trust first. For example, you need to tell the application developer some accurate information about yourself
the third kind of application has greater ambition, and "smart contract" can automatically detect whether there are various environments in which it can take effect. This is because bitcoin can be programmed so that it can be available or unavailable in special situations
lighthouse, founded by Mike Hearn, a well-known bitcoin engineer, is a decentralized crowdsourcing project. If enough money goes into the project, then everything starts. If the goal is not reached, it stops. Heran believes that his project can be cheaper and more independent than those of his friends who use bitcoin
5. According to Albert Wenger of USV, a New York venture capital company, the emergence of distributed ledgers has opened up an almost new quadrant of possibilities. This company has invested in a number of decentralized companies, such as openbazaar, which provides P2P transactions. In addition to cheering for the blockchain, some people question its security and scalability. Blockchain is very suitable for bitcoin, but in some niche applications, it can't support the use of millions of users
although Nakamoto's blockchain design has proved to be invincible so far, academic research also believes that it is almost impossible to do bad things on the blockchain without controlling 51% of the whole blockchain. In the past, bitcoin players were limited to a small circle. Today, bitcoin mining is controlled by various big bitcoin pools, where small miners share their efforts and get rewards
another concern is the environment. In order to get more bitcoin, the miners are more interested in computing power

3. FC currency is the first virtual e-currency in China. It is a legalized e-currency for investment, wealth management, value-added profits, and commodity shopping. It is not the so-called network pyramid selling of this person. I don't know where the person who answers the question is. He attacks maliciously everywhere! Slander on purpose! What a shame!

4. Introction: after stock, precious metal and P2P, investment in blockchain and digital currency has become the financial management mode with the highest rate of return. Weight finance enables everyone to learn to invest in blockchain, win inflation and double assets. We provide bitcoin BTC, Ethereum eth, EOS, Shanzhai coin, digital currency and digital asset market information, which belongs to chain Life Information Technology Shenzhen Co., Ltd
legal representative: Guanke
time of establishment: January 15, 2018
registered capital: RMB 1 million
Business Registration No.: 440300203475003
enterprise type: limited liability company
address: room 5001, 5th floor, building 2, Yongxin Times Square, Dongbin Road, Nanshan street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen City

5. Blockchain.info itself is an online wallet. At the same time, it is also the world's largest provider of bitcoin data, and the online wallet is relatively easy to use. It is a member of the bitcoin foundation, a star enterprise in the bitcoin circle, and a leader of bitcoin start-ups. It has received tens of millions of dollars in financing

this doesn't need to be imported. You may be talking about recharging bitcoin into blockchain.info wallet. It will automatically generate bitcoin address, and you can directly transfer bitcoin to this address. It's best to use email authentication. Back it up to prevent the loss of the secret key.

6. One island east is a skyscraper in Hong Kong. It is located in Taikoo square, Quarry Bay, Hong Kong. From April 2008, he joined the company in stages
Hong Kong Island East Center is a 308m high commercial building developed and owned by Swire real estate. Its total floor area is 1.5 million square feet. There are 68 storeys and 2 storeys basement parking lots in the building. There is a double deck air lobby on the 37th and 38th floors. It is the sixth tallest completed skyscraper in Hong Kong (as of January 2009)
Pacific Coffee was opened in the air lobby on the 37th floor in September 2009 to make good use of the lobby space.

7. Just demolish the old wharf and replace it with a new one. It's nearby. There's a star ferry between Hong Kong Island and Kowloon. The ticket of $2.2 per person should be the cheapest

8. Take a long-distance bus from Futian bus station in Shenzhen to Hong Kong Prince's Hotel, walk to Yalan Street Station (Lai Chi Kok Road) in Mongkok, transfer to Citybus / KMB 117 (take 13 stops) and get off at happy valley station (lower) terminus. Go ahead about 280 meters to Hong Kong Yanghe hospital station (Wong Nai Chung Road)

9.

the main characteristics of economic crimes are as follows: first, the purpose of most economic crimes is to seek economic interests illegally. For their own interests, the criminals take improper means to embezzle the property of the state, the collective and indivial citizens and damage the interests of legal operators, At the same time, it destroys the normal operation order of the market economy. 2、 Legal economic crime is a legal crime, that is, whether the actor's behavior constitutes a crime is clearly defined by law. 3、 Economic crime of double illegality is a crime in the process of economic operation, which not only violates the national laws on economic management, but also violates the criminal law; It not only infringes on the economic interests of the state, the collective and the citizens, but also endangers the order of the socialist market economy. 4、 Complex economic crime occurs in the field of market economy operation, which is an extremely large dynamic field. The complex economic relations formed around the proction, exchange, distribution and consumption of goods are intertwined, almost covering all instries and departments of the national economy. 5、 The perpetrators of intelligent economic crimes generally have a high level of ecation, and many of them even have rich expertise in economy, finance, taxation, trade, accounting or law, and long-term experience in economic activities