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After the military officer system was redefined in the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty, Taiwei became the first military officer in Song Dynasty, which was equivalent to the defense minister of a country
Taiwei was an official in the system of "official, post and dispatch" in Song Dynasty, which only indicated the identity and rank of the official, similar to today's military rank, but had no actual post. In the middle and early period of the Northern Song Dynasty, its rank was one of the three gongs. It was the first grade or the second grade
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< H2 > extended materials:official records of Song History: "the three divisions and three gongs of Song Dynasty inherited the Tang Dynasty system, with Taishi, Taifu and Taibao as the three divisions, Taiwei, situ and Sikong as the three gongs, and served as prime ministers and princes and envoys. Their special worshipers did not anticipate political affairs, and all went to Shangshu province. In addition, he moved from situ to Taibao, from Taifu to Taiwei, and so did the inspector
Taiwei was under the third division in the past, and became heavier from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. If the officer who is in charge of the imperial examination has been in office for a long time, or has been in the position of Sikong or situ, he will pay homage to Taiwei, Taifu and other officials. If the grand master is a different number, since Zhao Pu as the founder of the country, Wen Yanbo as a tired Dynasty Qi De, Fang te worship Yan
it means: in the traditional ranking, Taiwei comes after Taishi, Taifu and Taibao. In the Song Dynasty, there were some changes in the rank, Taiwei comes after Taishi and Taifu comes after Taiwei. Therefore, in the Song Dynasty, Taiwei was a very high official position. For example, Wang Dan and Lu Yijian once served as prime ministers, but only when they retired, they were given the rank of Taiwei
In the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhao Pu and Wen Yanbo won this title after retirementafter Huizong's administration and reform, Taiwei was set as the first military officer
1. Taishi, also known as taizai, is in charge of the state. He is one of the "three gongs" of the six ministers. In ancient times, Taishi, Taifu and Taibao were called "three gongs"
The Song Dynasty inherited the system of Tang Dynasty, but the suppression was very serious. Since Zhao Kuangyin founded the Song Dynasty, although the system of three divisions and three gongs has been inherited from the Tang system, only a few of them have been granted to ministers, especially the imperial master, who only paid special tribute to Zhao Pu and Wen Yanbo for their high merits. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, Prime Minister Cai Jing was also given the title of Taishi Taiwei was the highest official in charge of military affairs in the Qin and Han Dynasties, but in the end of the Qin Dynasty, Taiwei was not appointed. After Song Shenzong reformed the official system, Wen Chen went from lang to Yitong, and Wu Chen went from Wulang to Taiwei{rrrrrrr}
extended materials
1. The Song Dynasty Taishi Taiwei was added to the official system:
the Song Dynasty inspector was added from Taishi to wailang, a member of each department, with a total of 19 grades, higher than the principal position. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the school inspectors were mainly military officials, officials and members of the Tibetan army, while the civil officials were mainly privy envoys, xuanhui envoys and Jie envoys
after the system reform in Yuanfeng period of Shenzong of Song Dynasty, only the three generals (Taiwei, situ, Sikong) and the three divisions (Taishi, Taifu, Taibao) who had been appointed for a long time were retained
ring the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, the three gongs were changed to three shaos, the martial ministers were added up to Jianxiao, and the Shaoshi was called Taiwei, while the Wenchen was added up to Jianxiao, and the Shaoshi was called Kaifu Yitong
Second, the historical changes of the position of Taishi Taiwei: since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the decision-making power has been transferred to Zhongshu, and the executive power is in the hands of the six departments of Shangshu. Although the three divisions (Taishi, Taifu and Taibao) and the three gongs (Taiwei, situ and Sikong) were of high rank and had no actual ties, they were generally only appointed officials, especially the inspectors in the late Tang Dynasty<
at the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the three masters of the third division were only used for promotion, not in charge. Taiwei used to be under the Taibao, but since the Five Dynasties, he has been promoted to be inferior to Taishi and superior to Taifu. After the military officer system was redefined in Huizong period, Taiwei became the first military officer, while situ Sikong was replaced by sanshao
In the Yuan Dynasty, Sangong was only used as an additional title, and in the later period, it was also used excessively. After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the former three divisions were regarded as the three gongs, and there was no Taiwei. In addition, in some rituals, there will be other officials temporarily acting as Taiwei and other positions. For example, in the first year of emperor Zhenzong of Song Dynasty, the ceremony of reading the book of heaven was to take pictures of Taiwei by Xiang Minzhong, situ by Wang Zeng and Sikong by Zhang Zhi. All of these are just the end of the ceremony, not the real practice of removing worship1、 List of prime ministers
1,
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3, Wang qinruo
Wang qinruo (AD 962-ad 1025), the name of the state, the new metaphor (now Jiangxi Xinyu) people. During the Northern Song Dynasty, treacherous minister, the representative of the democratic school, one of the Five ghosts. Song Zhenzong and song Renzong served as prime ministers twice. Official to Sikong, the door under the minister and other important positions
Wang qinruo was a member of the first division of Jinshi in the third year of Chunhua (1992). He has successively served as secretary of the provincial school, taichangcheng, Zuo Jianyi, counselor of political affairs, Minister of the Ministry of punishment, etc
ring the battle of Chanyuan, Wang qinruo was in charge of Zhang Qian's capital Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province). He was blocked by the prime minister Kou Zhun and sentenced to Tianxiong army. In the early years of Dazhong Xiangfu, in order to meet the needs of emperor Zhenzong of Song Dynasty, he forged the heavenly script, offered Fu Rui and granted Mount Taishan
There are many scholars, such as Lei Guan Sikong, Shi Lang, Zhang Shi, Yu Qingzhao and Zhao Wenguan. He was called "Ying Xiang" at that timehe died of illness in the third year of Tiansheng (1025 A.D.) in the Northern Song Dynasty. He was awarded the title of "wenmu" to the Taishi and zhongshuling. He is well-known for leading the compilation of CE Fu Yuan GUI
Wen Yanbo (October 23, 1006 to June 16, 1097), with the name of kuanfu and yisou. Fenzhou Jiexiu (now Shanxi Jiexiu City) people. He was a famous statesman and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty In the fifth year of Tiansheng (1027), Wen Yanbo was a Jinshi, and successively served as the imperial censor, the Deputy envoy of transportation, the Deputy envoy of Privy Council, and the counselor of political affairs. He was promoted to Tongping Zhangshi (Prime Minister) because of his uprising In the third year of emperor you's reign (1051), he was impeached and dismissed as prime minister. To and two years (1055). In the third year of Jiayou (1058), he was sentenced to Henan and other places, and was granted the Duke of Luring the reign of emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, he opposed Wang Anshi's reform and argued that the city change law "damaged the national system and provoked people's resentment". He sentenced Daming and Henan government, and accumulated them to Taiwei. Yuanfeng six years (1083) to Taishi Zhishi. After song zhezong ascended the throne, he was recommended by Prime Minister Sima Guang to confer Pingzhang important military and national affairs
In 1090, he became an official again. Shaosheng four years (1097), granted Prince Shaobao, died in the same year, 92. During the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, he and Sima Guang were incorporated into the tablet of Yuanyou party members, and later recovered to the grand master with the posthumous title of "Zhonglie". Kangxi 61 years (1722), from the worship of the emperor templeWen Yanbo went through the four dynasties of Ren, Ying, Shen and zhe. He was recommended to be a member of the two prefectures and was appointed Prime Minister for 50 years. During the period of serving the censor in the palace, he enforced the law impartially
During the prime minister period, he boldly put forward the idea of disarmament of 80000, in order to streamline the military and administration, and rece the burden of the people, which is known as the prime minister in the world. There are forty volumes of wenlugong collection One of his poems was recorded in the whole Song Dynasty Chen Yizhong (1218-1283), a native of Yongjia (now Zhejiang Province), was born in Wenzhou. The prime minister in the late Southern Song Dynastyas a student member of Taiping University at the beginning, he wrote a letter to Ding Daquan together with his classmates Huang Yong and Lin zezu. He was beaten down and disqualified as a student. When he was relegated to Jianchang army, he was called "Six Gentlemen"
in 1263, he was appointed as the official scholar of Shaoxing government According to the history of Song Dynasty, Jia Si, who was attached to the power, moved to be the censor of supervision, and was instructed by Jia Si to impeach Cheng Yuanfeng
In the first year of Deyou (1275), Jia Si was defeated by Ding Jiazhou, and Jia was dismissed. The Empress Dowager Xie Daoqing appointed Chen Yizhong as the right prime minister to comprehensively preside over the Lin'an crisis During the period of being in power, there was a heroic resistance in the Southern Song Dynasty. After that, Chen Yizhong and others went to Wenzhou to organize a small court in exile of the Southern Song Dynasty, and together with Zhang Shijie, Wen Tianxiang, Lu Xiufu and Zhao Yuxuan, they established a late Song Dynasty in Fuzhou At the end of the Song Dynasty, he retreated to Guangdong (1276) and fought with the yuan army in the area of cross gate in Jingao. After the war, Chen Yizhong went to occupy the city to borrow troops, while Zhang Shijie and Lu Xiufu led the Song Dynasty to Yashan. The song army was defeated in the sea battle at Yashanreference source: Network -- Prime Minister of Song Dynasty
reference source: Network -- quality
reference source: Network -- Zhao Pu
reference source: Network -- Wang qinruo
reference Data sources: Network - Wen Yanbo
reference sources: Network - Chen Yizhong
1、 Taishi refers to two kinds of official positions
First, Taishi, Taifu and Taibao were called "three gongs" in ancient times. Later, most of them were given the title of "Taishi" to show favor but no real job. For example, Zhao Pu and Wen Yanbo were given the title of "Taishi" in Song Dynasty Secondly, in ancient times, they were also called "three masters of the East Palace", including Prince Taishi, Prince Taifu and Prince Taibao< Second, Taiwei in Song Dynasty was the highest rank of military officer, equivalent to the highest military commander in China In the Song Dynasty, the position of Taiwei was usually held by civil servants, and its status was equal to that of prime minister. Originally, this position was usually held by military officers, but the Song Dynasty attached great importance to Literature and despised martial arts, so there were few military officers for Taiwei 
extended data:
representative of Taiwei
In the Three Kingdoms period, Jia Xu was a famous counselor. Zeng Zhen was a man who defeated Cao Cao strategically and was admired by Cao Cao. Jia Xu, Minister of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period. The word Wenhe, Wuwei female guzang (now Wuwei, Gansu) people He first served as a counselor in Li's account, and then became a counselor of Zhang Xiu. Zhang Xiu once defeated Cao Cao with his tactics in Wancheng. After Zhang Xiu's defeat, he surrendered to Cao Cao. Cao Cao used his tricks in the battle of Yuan Shao at Guan, Ma Chao at Tongguan, and Han Sui. After Cao Pi became emperor, he was granted the title of Taiwei and Marquis of Wei shouting. He died at the age of seventy-seven Yue Fei (1103-1142) was born in Tangyin County, Xiangzhou, Hebei Province in Song Dynasty. He joined the army at the age of 16, promoted to Jieshi at the age of 32, and worked as Taiwei, Xuanfu and privy Deputy envoys for 20 years. He fought against Jin and had four northern expeditions. Shaoxing was killed by the capitulators Qin Hui and song Gaozong in the 11th year. He was 39 years old In Song Dynasty, there was the infamous treacherous Minister Gao Qiu and Gao Taiwei. Gao Qiu was born in the late Northern Song Dynasty. At the beginning, he was Su Shi's Xiaoshi (Shutong). Later, he was appointed Wang Mi as the Privy officer. Because he was good at Cuju, he was favored by Duan Wang Zhao Ji (song Huizong). After Huizong ascended the throne, he was appointed to Kaifu, where Yi was the same as the third division. Shi Naian is deeply depicted in his outlaws of the marsh. Gao Qiu died at the beginning of Jingkang Sima Yi (179-251), whose name is Zhongda, was born in Wuyang village, xiaojingli, Wenxian County, Hanoi County, Sizhou prefecture (now Zhaoxian Town, Wenxian County, Henan Province). The eldest son, Sima Shi, became the Duke of Wuyang culture and publicity after he became a ke; The second son Sima Zhao called himself the queen, and Zhui Zun was the king of Jin; After his grandson Sima Yan became emperor, he was also called emperor Gaozu and Emperor Xuandi5, other
period of emperor Jing of Han Dynasty: Zhou Yafu who pacified the rebellion of the seven kingdoms
when Wei Ming emperor ascended the throne, he worshipped Hua Xin as the Taiwei. It is famous for its honesty
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Yang Biao, the father of the famous scholar Yang Xiu, also served as a Taiwei The most famous one in Tang Dynasty is Duan Xiushi, who broke his head against the uprightNorthern Qi Dynasty: Gao Rui, the son of Gao Chen, Zhao Jun Wang
Imperial genealogy table
Emperor Wu Liu Yu (420-422) was named emperor for two years in 420
emperor Shao Liu Yifu (422-424)
Emperor Wen Liu Yilong (424-453)
emperor Xiaowu Liu Jun (453-464)
Liu ziye (465)
Liu Yu (465-472)
Liu Yu (473-477)
Liu Jun (477-479)
Qi
overview
< br />(AD 479-502) the second Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty. Founded by Xiao Daocheng. Dujiankang. The territory extends to Daba Mountains and Huainan in the north, Sichuan in the west, Yunnan in the southwest, Hengshan in Vietnam in the south, and the seashore in the southeast. Li Qi Di, a total of 24 years (479-503 years)
Xiao Daocheng is a junior scholar. For more than 30 years, he took advantage of the chaotic situation of killing each other within the royal family and between the monarchs and ministers at the end of the Liu and Song dynasties. He took charge of the real power with the leader of the Chinese army. In 479, he was the emperor of the Song Dynasty (see Xiao Daocheng, the High Emperor of the Qi Dynasty). His name was Qi and his year was Jianyuan. In history, he was also known as Nanqi and Xiaoqi. Although the early Qi Dynasty made some reforms to the tyranny of the late Song Dynasty, and paid attention to persuading farmers and schools to ecate them, the burden of the people did not lighten, and the peasants on the verge of bankruptcy became the hermits of powerful families. The trend of the rise of the Han people in Qi Dynasty continued to develop. The central government used the Han people to take charge of the allusions, while the local government used the allusions to control and monitor the royal family and Fangzhen, which further weakened the real power of the aristocrats. At the beginning of the Qi Dynasty, in view of the lessons that the ruling class in the late Song Dynasty killed each other and lost the world, the political situation was still stable in the end of the reign of emperor Xiao you. During the five-year reign of emperor xiaoluan of Qi and Ming Dynasties, the royal families killed each other more than at the end of Song Dynasty. The descendants of Gao and Wu were almost killed by Xiao Luan. After Xiao Luan's death, Xiao Baojuan (donghun Marquis), who succeeded to the throne, was a tyrant specializing in killing. People were in danger, betrayed their relatives, and the political situation was extremely chaotic. In the third year of Yongyuan (501), Xiao Yan, the assassin of Yongzhou, attacked Jiankang from Xiangyang, killed all the descendants of Emperor Ming, became emperor the next year, established the Liang Dynasty, and died< (1) Emperor Xiao Daocheng, named Shaobo, is the 24th grandson of Xiao He. Born in 427, 470 took charge of the military power of Liu Song. After 477, he abolished the emperor and established the emperor. The 479 Zen throne was built in Qi Dynasty. It collapsed in 482 and reigned for four years. He lived for 56 years. Good at cursive script< (2) Emperor Xiaoyu, the eldest son of emperor Gao, was born in 440, ascended the throne in March 482, collapsed in 493, reigned for 12 years and lived for 54 years< (3) Xiao Zhaoye, the king of Yulin, was born in 473 and ascended the throne in July 493. He was killed by Xiao Luan for one year and was 21 years old< (4) Xiao Zhaowen, the second son of Changmao, the grandson of Emperor Wu, was born in 480. In July 494, Xiao Luan ascended the throne and was killed by Luan in November. He was 15 years old< (5) Emperor xiaoluan, whose name is Jingqi, was born in 446, ascended the throne in November 494, and died in 498, aged 52. Together with his nephew Xiao Yaoguang, he killed the descendants of Emperor Wu three times in 494 and 498, and the king was almost exhausted< (6) Xiao Baojuan, the second son of the Ming emperor, was born in 482. He ascended the throne in July 498 and reigned for four years. He killed the minister Ling Yi and inspired Xiao Yan to fight. He was killed at the age of 19< (7) Xiao Baorong, the eighth son of the Ming emperor, was born in 487 and ascended the throne in March 501. He reigned for one year and was killed by yanzao at the age of 15< (502-557 A.D.) Xiao Yan, the founder of the Liang Dynasty, was good at literature. In 499, he was appointed as the governor of Yongzhou. He took advantage of the internal chaos of Qi Dynasty, sent troops to seize the throne and established the Liang Dynasty. Xiao Yan was Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty. He had been in power for 48 years. In the period of Emperor Wu, the Wei state in the north had declined and could no longer threaten the south. This should have been a good opportunity for the development of the south, but Emperor Wu was fatuous and incompetent. He connived at the exploitation of the people by his ministers, but he ignored the suggestions of some loyal ministers on the pretext of his own thrift. In 548 ad, Hou Jing, a general who surrendered to liang from the Eastern Wei Dynasty, defected. He took Xiao Zhengde, Emperor Wu's subordinate son, as his internal agent and attacked the state of Liang. The next year, Hou Jing captured Taicheng. At this time, Emperor Wu of Liang had already starved to death in the city, and his son Xiao Gang ascended the throne as Emperor Wen of Liang Jian. In 551 ad, Hou Jing killed Jianwen emperor, so Liang was on the verge of collapse. Wang Seng argued that Chen Baxian and other generals of the Southern Dynasty assembled the remaining troops and finally defeated Hou Jing. In 557 ad, Chen Ba, who developed in the war against Hou Jing, first destroyed Liang, and then killed Wang Seng Bian, his former boss, in the fight for power, so he established Chen ba. At this point, Liang declared his demise
Southern Dynasty Liang (502-557) imperial genealogy table
Emperor Wu
(464-549) in 502, he was called emperor and reigned for 48 years. In 502, Emperor Wu Xiao Yan abolished the Southern Qi emperor and established the Southern Dynasty * Liang. Xiao Yan believed in Buddhism, lived a simple life, but was politically fatuous. He died in the Houjing rebellion in 549 at the age of 86< In 549, Jian Wendi (503-551) ascended the throne and reigned for two years. Xiao Gang, Jianwen emperor, the third son of Emperor Wu, died two years after his reign at the age of 49
emperor yuan (508-554) ascended the throne in 552 and reigned for three years. Xiao Yi, the seventh son of Emperor Wu, was killed three years after his reign at the age of 47< (543-557) ascended the throne in 555 and reigned for two years. Xiao Fang, emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, was abolished by Chen Baxian in the second year of his reign and killed in 558 at the age of 16. Liang died<
Chen
overview
(A.D. 557-589) in 557, Chen Baxian abandoned Liang to respect emperor, established himself as emperor, and established Chen as emperor Chen Wu. At this time, after years of war, the economy of southern China was seriously damaged. The country established on this basis is doomed to be short-lived. Emperor Chen Wu and his successors, Emperor Wen and Emperor Xuan, eliminated Wang seng and Wang seng, and defeated the Northern Qi army near Jiankang. The territory of the Chen Dynasty was the most extensive in the period of Taijian (569-582). In the fifth year of Taijian's expedition to the Northern Qi Dynasty, Dehe, Nansi, Heng, Ba, Luo, Ding, Yang, Huo, he, Jiang, Xichu, Dongguang, Huai, Jing, Nanqiao, Dongyu, Guang, Jian, Qiao, Ren, Tong, an, Shuo, Qing, Ji and other prefectures not only restored the native land of Huainan, but also some prefectures and counties of Huaibei. To a certain extent, it consolidated Chen's rule, but after all, because of the decline of national strength. In Chinese history, only the Chen family in the Southern Dynasty had the same name as the emperor. In 583 ad, Emperor Chen Xuan died. Chen Shubao, his son's posterity, ascended the throne. By this time, the north had been unified by the Sui Dynasty, and the unification of the whole country was just around the corner. In 589 ad, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty Yang Jian destroyed Chen, ending the nearly 300 year long division of China< There were five emperors in the Chen Dynasty (557-589)
Emperor Wu
Chen Baxian's political path from village official to Emperor Gaozu (557-559) was mainly to settle the chaos and lay a solid foundation for the Chen Dynasty. In his early years, when he served as a petty official of Jiankang oil depot, he was appreciated by the nobility and made great progress. He made great achievements in fighting against rebellion in Guangdong. By calming the "Hou Jing rebellion", Chen Baxian graally controlled the regime of Liang Dynasty and became emperor of Liang Dynasty in the second year of Taiping (557). After becoming emperor, there were three main battles to fight against Rebellion: "the battle of Pingwang monk debating Yubu", "the battle of pingxiaobo" and "the battle of pingwanglin"
Emperor Wen
Chen Qian Shizu (560 ~ 566) was in power for seven years. He has a deep, sensitive and elegant personality. His father, Chen Daotan, was also known as Zihua. In 555, he assisted Zhou Wenyu to pacify Du Kan and Zhang Biao. He was awarded to the prefect of Kuaiji. Emperor Chen Wu ascended the throne and became the king of Linchuan. Later, he led his army to southern Anhui. In 559, when Emperor Wu died, empress Xuan and Cai Jingli, the scholar of Zhongshu, decided not to mourn, called him back to the court and established him as emperor. In 566, it was changed to Tiankang. Wang Lin in Xiangzhou, Zhou Di in Linchuan, Xiong Tanlang in Yuzhang, Liuyi in Dongyang, Chen BAOYING in Jian'an. Tiankang died in April at the age of 44. His posthumous title was Emperor Wen and his temple title was Shizu. During his reign, he made great efforts to govern the country, reorganized the administration of officials, paid attention to agriculture and mulberry, and built water conservancy, which made the economy of Jiangnan recover to a certain extent. At this time, the politics of Chen Dynasty was clear, the people were rich, and the country was relatively strong. He is a rare and promising king among the emperors of the Southern Dynasties< Chen bozong (566-568) was the eldest son of Emperor Wen. In 558, Chen bozong was the son of Linchuan king. The next year, Emperor Wen ascended the throne and became the crown prince. In the first year of Tiankang (566), Emperor Wen died, that is, the throne of emperor. He took his uncle, Wang Suo, an Cheng, as his Si Tu, Lu Shang Shu Shi, and Du Du Du of Chinese and foreign military affairs. In the next year, he became emperor Guangda. In the second year of the Chinese people's Republic of China (568), he became a Taifu and jiashuli. National masters are determined by trifles. Li Zhongju, the minister's servant, and Liu Shi, the scholar of Zhongshu, were killed when they failed to seize the power of Suo. Suosu dictatorship. In the name of Empress Dowager Xuan, Hou Suo claimed that Emperor Wen's will was to abolish him as the king of Linhai and establish himself as emperor. He died in the second year of Taijian (570). He was called the abolishing emperor in history< The reign of Emperor Xuan (569-582) lasted for 14 years. He is tolerant and resourceful. Chen Xi's younger brother. He was originally the Assistant Minister of Chen bozong, the deposed emperor. Later, he deposed Chen bozong and became emperor himself. During his reign, he built water conservancy, reclaimed wasteland, encouraged farmers to proce, and the social economy got a certain recovery and development. In 573, Wu Mingche took the opportunity of the chaos of the Northern Qi Dynasty to launch a northern expedition and captured Lvliang and Shouyang. He once occupied Huai and Si, but was finally taken away by the Northern Zhou Dynasty< When Chen Shubao (583-589) was in power, he built a palace and lived a luxurious life. He had banquets with his concubines and officials and made erotic poems. When the soldiers of Sui Dynasty went south, they didn't think much of it because of the natural danger of the Yangtze River.
Meaning: without such people, who am I with
The full text is as follows:in the spring of the fourth year of Qingli, Teng Zijing was relegated to baling county. In the next year, the government will be in harmony with the people, and a hundred wastes will bring about prosperity. It is to rebuild Yueyang Tower, add its old system, and engrave on it the poems of Tang Xianren and modern people. It belongs to the composition
Yu Guanfu, in the shape of Baling Shengzhuang, in Dongting Lake. The title of Yuanshan, swallow the Yangtze River, vast soup, horizontal boundless; The sun is shining in the morning and the sky is overcast in the evening. This is the Grand View of Yueyang Tower. However, Wuxia in the north and Xiaoxiang in the south pole are the places where most of the visitors and poets come to visit
if the rain is heavy, the moon does not open, the wind howls, and the turbid waves empty; The sun and stars are hidden, and the mountains are hidden; If business travel is not good, masts will be destroyed; At sk, the tiger roars and the ape crows. When they ascend this tower, there are those who go to their country and cherish their homeland, who are worried, slandered and cynical, who are sad and sad
in the spring and the scenery, the waves are calm, and the sky is clear; Shaou Xiangji, Jin scale swimming; Shore Zhi Tinglan, gloomy green. Or a long smoke empty, bright moon, floating light, silent, fishing songs answer each other, this music how extreme! Dengsi tower also, there are relaxed and happy, pet and disgrace with forget, the wine in the wind, its jubilant
ho Fu! What is the difference between the two? not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personal losses; Living high in the temple worries the people; If you are far away from the river, you will worry about your king. It is also a worry to advance and a worry to retreat. But when will you be happy? It must be said that "worry about the world first, and enjoy the world later.". Gee! Weisi people, who will return
was on September 15, 2006
In the spring of 1044, Teng Zijing was demoted to Yuezhou. In the second year, political affairs went smoothly, the people were happy, and many of the long abandoned undertakings began to grow again. In addition, Yueyang Tower was rebuilt to expand its old scale, engraved with poems and Fu of Tang Dynasty sages and contemporary people, (Teng Zijing) and asked (me) to write an article to record this eventI see the beautiful scenery of Baling County, which is concentrated on Dongting Lake. Dongting Lake connects the mountains in the distance and breathes the water of the Yangtze River. The water waves are vast and boundless. It's cloudy and sunny in the morning and evening (in a day), and the scene is ever-changing. This is the magnificent scene of Yueyang Tower. Predecessors have described it in detail. However, because it leads to Wuxia in the north and Xiaoshui and Xiangshui in the south, most of the demoted officials and poets from south to North gather here They) the feelings triggered by seeing the natural scenery may be different, right
in case of continuous and dense rain, sometimes there is no sunny day for the whole month, the cold wind roars, the turbid waves rush into the sky, the sun and stars hide their brilliance, and the mountains disappear; Merchants and passengers were unable to pass, the mast fell and the oars broke; In the evening, the sky is dim, the tiger is howling, the ape is crying At this time, when you climb up the Yueyang Tower, you will feel like leaving the capital, missing your hometown, worrying about bad words and fearing criticism. You will be filled with depression and sorrow
as for the warm and sunny days in spring, the lake is calm, the sky and lake are connected, and it is green and boundless; Sand gulls sometimes fly, sometimes stop, beautiful fish swim in the lake; The grass on the lakeshore and the orchid on the sandbank are fragrant and luxuriant. Sometimes, the smoke completely dissipated, and the bright moonlight flowed for thousands of miles; When there is no wind, the silent shadow of the moon is like a jade in the water, and the fisherman's singing is in harmony. How can such fun be exhausted At this time) when you climb the Yueyang Tower, you will have a broad mind, a happy spirit, forget the gains and losses of honor and disgrace, and lift your glass to face the peace wind
alas! I have explored the thoughts of ancient people with high moral character, which may be different from (above) two kinds of feelings. Why? They are not happy or sad because of the quality of foreign things and personal gains and losses; Officials in the imperial court worry about the people; Those who are not officials in the court worry about the king. In this way, I am worried about being an official in the court and the people in the opposition. In this case, when will you be happy? It must be said that "worry before everyone worries, and be happy after everyone is happy"? Alas If there is no such person, who am I with
It was written on September 15, 1046
extended materials:
Introction to Fan Zhongyan:
Fan Zhongyan (989-1052), a native of Suzhou, is a famous politician, ecator and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty
Fan Zhongyan bought Nanyuan homestead in Suzhou and founded a school. Later, all over the country competed to follow suit, saying that "Su Xue is the best in the world". In 1274, fan Wenzheng ancestral hall was built beside Fan Zhongyan's old house in front of Fan Village in Suzhou. There was a tall memorial archway in front of the gate. There is Fan Zhongyan's ancestral grave at the foot of Tianping mountain, and there is a "martyr's temple" beside the grave. There is also the inscription of "Gaoyi garden" written by Emperor Qianlong. In 1989, the "first worry, then happiness" workshop was rebuilt
throughout Fan Zhongyan's life, his patriotic spirit of "first worry, then happiness" runs through all his life. Jealous of greed, he was demoted three times; Build water conservancy to improve people's living standard; We should set up free schools, advocate ecation and eliminate the ignorance of the people; He was ordered to defend the border areas, resist the strong enemy, and promote the prestige of our country. It was not only valued and loved by the people at that time, but also a model for officials today< At the request of Teng Zijing, the prefect of Baling County, Fan Zhongyan, a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote Yueyang Tower for the reconstruction of Yueyang Tower on September 15, 1046. Among them, the verses "worry about the worries of the world first, and enjoy the happiness of the world later" and "don't be happy with things, and don't be sad with yourself" are more famous and quoted. The article sets off Yueyang Tower by describing the side of Dongting Lake
Teng Zijing was falsely accused of using official money without authorization and was demoted. It was Fan Zhongyan who took the opportunity of recording that he implicitly admonished him to "not be happy with things, not be sad for himself", trying to infect his old friends with his sense of relief and optimism of "first worry about the world, then happiness about the world". This is the purpose of this article, and also determines the style of the combination of narration and discussion
The story of Yueyang Tower goes beyond the narrow realm of simply describing the landscape and the view of buildings, and combines the obscure changes of nature, the cloudy and sunny weather, and the "feeling of seeing things" of the "migrant poets", thus putting the focus of the full text on the longitudinal discussion of political ideals and expanding the realm of the article The influence of this article on later generations:the influence penetrates through the history books, and becomes one of the governing ideas that have lasted for thousands of years. The ideal state that countless future generations of governing administrators assiously strive for is to have a good understanding of political affairs and a harmonious heart. In later generations, there is a "police saying of resident officials" which says: "those who are good at governing, you should carry out the anecdote of the people, and reach the feelings of the people."“ He who governs the people is not estranged between the top and the bottom. "“ The core of "communication" instead of "estrangement" is "communication", which reveals the key of "political communication and human harmony"
Kou Zhun was an upright official all his life. He was trusted by song Zhenzong and made a lot of contributions to the Northern Song Dynasty. it's a pity that he offended empress dowager Liu E in his later years. When song Renzong succeeded to the throne and selected promising ministers for his father to enter the ancestral temple, Kou Zhun lost the right to enjoy the treatment of the temple because of Empress Dowager Liu e's interference
Of course, the prime minister Kouzhun also made many contributions to the Northern Song Dynasty, and Liu e couldn't easily attack Kouzhun, so Liu e was angry with him.
until song Renzong wanted to choose a promising Minister for song Zhenzong, Kouzhun was sure to enjoy the imperial temple, But Liu e came forward to block, and Kou Zhun did not enjoy this treatment in the end
ring his lifetime, Emperor Wen loved his fourth son Liu Shuo very much, so he was hated by Liu Jun. Soon after Liu Jun ascended the throne, he sent someone to poison Liu Shuo
after Liu Shuo was killed, Liu Jun pointed at his uncle Liu Yixuan. Liu Yixuan was Liu Yu's sixth son, and he was the governor of Jingzhou at the time of Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty. In Liu Jun's war against Liu Shao, he contributed a lot to Liu Jun. From then on, Liu Yixuan was proud of himself and graally ignored the imperial court. After Liu Jun ascended the throne, he began to plan to remove Liu Yixuan. Soon, Liu Yixuan followed his cousin Zang Zhi's advice and set up a rebellion. Liu Jun sent Liu Yuanjing, Wang xuanmo and others to fight against Liu Yixuan. Liu Yixuan and his sixteen sons were killed at the same time<
after the rebellion of Liu Yixuan, the High Emperor of Qi, Liu Jun took more close monitoring and control over the kings in order to stabilize the imperial power. He killed his ten younger brothers Liu Hun, king of Wuchang, and his six younger brother Liu Sheng, king of jingling, and staged the tragedy of fratricidal again<
Liu Jun not only killed the imperial clan, but also insulted the ministers of the central government wantonly. So that at the time of death, all the people betrayed their relatives. In the eighth year of the Ming Dynasty (AD 464), Liu Jun died. The 16-year-old crown prince Liu ziye ascended the throne. He was the former deposed emperor, assisted by Liu Yigong and Liu Yuanjing
compared with his father, Liu ziye is more ferocious. Soon after he ascended the throne, he began to act recklessly and kill the assistant ministers. Liu ziye first listened to the eunuch's slander and killed Dai faxing, the assistant minister, which made Liu Yigong, Yan Shibo, Liu Yuanjing and others feel scared. After conspiracy, several people prepared to abandon Liu ziye and support Liu Yigong as the son of heaven. They told Shen Qing about the plan, but they didn't expect that Shen Qing and Yan Shibo were enemies. Shen qingli is about to tell Liu ziye about the plan. Liu ziye is furious. He decapitates Liu Yigong, cuts off his body, takes out his intestines and stomach, and digs out his eyeballs to soak them in honey. Liu ziye is so cruel. Liu Yigong's four sons, Liu Yuanjing's brothers and nephews, and Yan Shibo's father and son were also killed at the same time<
Liu ziye not only killed the assistant minister, but also his brother. At that time, Liu Jun favored Yin Shuyi, and his son Liu ziluan was also deeply loved by Liu Jun, so that Liu Jun came up with the idea of abandoning Liu ziye and making Liu ziluan the crown prince. Therefore, Liu ziye hated Liu ziluan very much. After he ascended the throne, Liu ziye sent people to force Liu ziluan, who was only seven years old, to death, and killed Liu ziluan's younger brother and sister. He g up the tomb of Yin Guifei and threw her body in the wilderness<
after killing the assistant minister and Liu ziluan's forces, Liu ziye became more unscrupulous. He played in the palace every day and ignored the government. He trusted Xu AI and Shen Qing. He chose 30 male favourites for his sister, Princess Shanyin, to be called the "face first". He also committed altery with his aunt, alterated the harem and corrupted the code of ethics. He insulted his uncle wantonly, detained them in the palace, played and abused them. He ordered all the princesses, princesses and princesses to enter the palace and let the servants rape them in public. Those who disobey will be destroyed immediately. He also asked the maids to have fun in the bamboo hall in Hualin garden naked. One of them was killed immediately because she didn't follow<
Liu ziye's perverse behavior made the government and the field complain. One night, Liu ziye was in a good mood when a group of palace people stabbed him with steel knives. Liu ziye was killed on the spot. Just one year after he claimed the title of emperor, he ended his life in a rash of curses<
after Liu ziye was killed, Liu Yu, the eighth son of Emperor Wen and Liu ziye's uncle, ascended the throne of emperor song and Ming. After Liu Yu ascended the throne, Liu Zixun, the third son of Liu Jun, the king of Jin'an, became emperor in Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province), and got the support of his brothers. The spearhead was directed at Liu Yu's court. Liu Yu sent three armies to quell the rebellion and killed Liu Jun's descendants. Liu Xinwei and others conspire to rebel and prepare to support Liu's myna Liu as emperor. After the incident came to light, Liu Yu or killed Liu Yu and Liu Xinyi's family. Since then, Liu Yu has killed his younger brothers Liu Xiuyou, Liu xiuren, Liu xiuruo and so on, almost killing them all. After Liu Yu got sick, he became more and more cruel and suspicious. He also believed in ghosts and gods and had many taboos. Anyone who violated the taboos had to go to different places<
in April of the first year of Taiyu (472 AD), Liu Yu died, and his 10-year-old son Liu Yu ascended the throne as a post abolition emperor. After Liu Yu ascended the throne, his uncle Liu Xiufan set up a rebellion from Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). Liu Yu ordered Xiao Daocheng to lead the army to defeat Liu Xiufan. Liu Xiufan was killed and the rebellion was soon put down. Xiao Daocheng made great contributions to the rebellion and graally mastered the government
after Liu Xiufan's rebellion was put down, Liu Yu became unscrupulous. He inherited the principle of his father's immoral behavior, playing in the wilderness every day, and wandering in the market, without imperial prestige. As long as you meet pedestrians on the road, no matter how old or young they are, they will be killed. As long as the people heard that the emperor was coming, they were scared to stay away from their families. Liu Yu is very cruel and likes to kill people. As long as he doesn't kill people one day, he will be very unhappy. Every day, he asked his entourage to carry all kinds of instruments of torture with him. If he didn't like it, he would kill him on the spot. What's more, he also wanted to poison the Empress Dowager. Under the persuasion of the people, he gave up this idea. Once, Liu Yu saw Xiao Daocheng sleeping with his big belly exposed. He felt that his belly was suitable for shooting as a target. So he drew a target on Xiao Daocheng's belly and wanted to shoot with a bow<
since then, Xiao Daocheng has paid attention to Liu Yu everywhere and plotted to get rid of the tyrant. Before Xiao Daocheng starts, Liu Yu is killed by his entourage. Xiao Dao believes that Liu Yu is dead, so he wants to take over power. He pretended to call Liu Bing, yuan can, Chu Yuan and others together to discuss state affairs, but in fact forced them to give up power. Seeing that Xiao Daocheng was powerful, these people had to let him take charge of the military and political power in the central court. In the name of the empress dowager, Xiao Daocheng listed Liu Yu's crimes and made Liu Huai, king of Cheng'an, emperor of Song Dynasty. At this time, the Liu Song Dynasty was dead in name and fell into the hands of Xiao Daocheng<
two years later, Xiao Daocheng abandoned Liu Zhun and established the Xiao Qi Dynasty, which collapsed. Before long, Liu Zhun was also killed<
Liu Song Dynasty was built by Emperor Wu Liu Yu's hard work. Liu Yilong, the emperor of Wen, created the reign of Yuanjia. After that, the emperors Liu Jun, Liu ziye, Liu Yu and Liu Yu acted wantonly, cruelly, cruelly and brutally, resulting in the destruction of the country and family. This is a historical tragedy.