The future of Ethereum in 2017
a brief history of etheric Classics (etc)
etheric classics began with an unfortunate event
in May 2016, the decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) held a token sale with the goal of establishing a blockchain based venture capital to fund future decentralized applications (dapps) in the Ethereum ecosystem
basically, Dao is a complex smart contract that operates in a decentralized way - computer code that automatically performs tasks between multiple parties when conditions are met
despite its ambitious goals and successful token sales, Dao's code has a major vulnerability that allows attackers to steal eth from decentralized organizations
the attacker took advantage of this vulnerability in June 2016, triggering the infamous Dao hacking event, and maliciously stole eth worth about US $50 million
there is no doubt that Dao hacking has shocked Ethereum community and made eth price drop from $20 to $13
after the Dao hacking, the Ethereum community has to choose from three options
< UL >do nothing and try to bear the consequences of the attack; Or
start soft bifurcation to recover funds; Or
deploy a hard fork to recover the lost eth
both soft and hard bifurcations are significant network upgrades. However, soft fork allows users who are not upgraded to communicate with upgraded users, while hard fork is not backward compatible with previous versions
as developers realize that deploying soft forks will expose the network to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, Ethereum community decides to initiate hard forks to recover the funds lost in Dao hacking attacks
although this scheme is supported by most people, a small number of people in Ethereum community oppose it. They think that "code is the law" and blockchain network should be unchangeable
the failure of both sides to reach an agreement on the solution eventually led to the fragmentation of Ethereum blockchain
those who tried to recover the lost eth chose the hard fork and opened the Ethereum (ETH) blockchain as we know it today, while another group stayed on the original Ethereum classic (etc) chain
what problems does ethereal classic solve Ethernet classic (etc) is a blockchain platform that allows developers to deploy smart contracts and dapps although this function is the same as Ethereum (ETH), etc blockchain has two main differences first of all, Ethereum classic community opposes tampering with distributed ledger and supports the view that "blockchain network cannot and should not be modified" secondly, although there is no rigid upper limit on the total supply of eth, it is allowed to create 230 million etc at most by adopting the monetary policy of constant supply as a bonus item, ethereal classic launched Atlantis hard bifurcation last year to increase the interaction with Ethereum and improve the privacy protection of transactions through ZK snarks the trading platforms recommended by etc hot money, okex, AAX, etc
Ethereum is an open-source public blockchain platform with smart contract function. It mainly provides decentralized virtual machine to process point-to-point contracts through its special encrypted currency Ethereum, which is fast and unlimited in quantity. In other words, it is a monetary payment system, but their functions and purposes are different
if bitcoin is considered to be a shared global book that securely records all bitcoin bills. Then Ethereum is to maintain a shared computing platform, which can flexibly and safely run any program users want. Because of this, many countries and enterprises are developing how to use Ethereum technology in the real world.
Etc is a kind of electronic automatic toll collection system for highway, bridge and tunnel which is being developed and popularized in the world. The technology has a long history of development in foreign countries. The electronic toll collection system in the United States, Europe and many other countries and regions has been locally connected and graally formed scale efficiency. In our country, IC card and magnetic card are used as media, and manual toll collection is also affected by this trend
the clean energy utilization rate of public transport vehicles in London is the lowest, only 8%, but the total number of public transport vehicles in London is only 8000, so the number of non clean energy vehicles in London is only 7360, far lower than that in Beijing. Clean energy buses accounted for 25% of the total in Tokyo and 40% in New York. However, by 2017, Beijing's clean energy buses will account for 65%, becoming a world-class clean fleet, with only 7748 fuel buses in proportion. In 2017, 70% of the buses in the Fifth Ring Road will use clean energy
by 2017, the energy structure of Beijing's buses will be fundamentally changed, the proportion of fuel buses in the Fifth Ring Road will be adjusted from nearly 80% to 30%, and the rest of the vehicles will be replaced by natural gas and trams. By then, Beijing's bus instry will become a world-class clean fleet in the transportation instry
judging from the proportion of clean energy buses in the world's major cities, Beijing has 22223 buses, far more than New York, London and Tokyo, with clean energy accounting for 22%
according to the development goal of new energy and clean energy vehicles for ground bus, the proportion of new energy and clean energy vehicles in new buses will strive to reach about 70% every year. In 2017, the proportion of electric vehicles, gas vehicles and fuel vehicles in the Fifth Ring Road will reach 20%, 50% and 30%, respectively, with a ratio of 4:19:77. The fuel consumption of public transport instry will be reced by 40%; The average emission level has reached the "Beijing 5" emission standard, and the pollutant emission has been reced by 50%
with the rapid development of expressways, the toll expressways built by stages have the trend of networking, which puts forward a new topic for the toll system expressway networking toll system. Due to the different investment channels, the expressway which should be connected to the network is artificially divided and managed and charged independently, which increases the number of toll stations, reces the traffic capacity of vehicles and reces the efficiency of investment. The expressway network toll collection system can realize the toll collection, separate settlement and centralized management of multiple expressways; It can plug the loopholes of toll collection, improve the service level and work efficiency of toll collection, rece the work intensity of toll collectors, facilitate the settlement of toll collection, and standardize the management of toll collection. It is a better choice for the semi-automatic toll collection system in the network Expressway at present
in some developed countries such as Europe and the United States, toll stations usually have both semi-automatic toll lanes and non-stop toll lanes, and there is almost no single non-stop toll lane. For a long time in the future, the semi-automatic charging mode, especially the IC card charging mode, will still exist for a long time and play an important role. Of course, in the future to achieve national highway unified toll, non-stop electronic toll is the best choice< On January 15, 2015, the Ministry of transport issued the opinions on comprehensively deepening the reform of transportation According to the opinions, the Ministry of transport will study and formulate a framework for the development of intelligent transportation, and realize the nationwide networking of etc and all-in-one public transport card
the opinions require us to study and formulate a framework for the development of intelligent transportation. Promote the interconnection of infrastructure and information systems, and realize the nationwide networking of etc and all-in-one public transport card. We will promote the open sharing and safe application of data in the transportation instry, make full use of social forces and market mechanisms to promote the construction of intelligent transportation, and promote the application of new generation Internet, Internet of things, big data, Beidou satellite navigation and other technical equipment in the transportation field. Establish and improve the open operation mechanism of scientific research facilities and instruments and equipment in the field of transportation
research and formulate the framework and evaluation index system of green transportation development to guide all sectors of society to jointly promote the development of green transportation. We will improve the market access and exit mechanisms for fuel consumption and emissions of major pollutants from operating vehicles and vessels. Actively promote the standardization of inland river ship types. Promote contract energy management, actively cultivate green circulation low-carbon transportation service institutions, and promote the third-party treatment of environmental pollution
the "opinions" requires improving the accountability mechanism for transportation safety proction and strengthening the implementation of the "one vote veto" system for safety proction. We will improve the inspection and management system of transportation hidden dangers, and improve the inspection and management, reporting, listing and supervision system of major hidden dangers in proction safety. We should implement the one belt, one road and other strategies to promote the strategic access to land and sea, and promote regional interconnection and international transport facilitation. We should deeply practice the socialist core values, vigorously cultivate and carry forward the spirit of transportation, and enhance the endogenous power of transportation development. Strictly implement the main responsibility and supervision responsibility of the construction of party conct and clean government, and formulate and implement a practical accountability system
