What does Ethereum Remix mean
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a brief history of etheric Classics (etc)
etheric classics began with an unfortunate event
in May 2016, the decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) held a token sale with the goal of establishing a blockchain based venture capital to fund future decentralized applications (dapps) in the Ethereum ecosystem
basically, Dao is a complex smart contract that operates in a decentralized way - computer code that automatically performs tasks between multiple parties when conditions are met
despite its ambitious goals and successful token sales, Dao's code has a major vulnerability that allows attackers to steal eth from decentralized organizations
the attacker took advantage of this vulnerability in June 2016, triggering the infamous Dao hacking event, and maliciously stole eth worth about US $50 million
there is no doubt that Dao hacking has shocked Ethereum community and made eth price drop from $20 to $13
after the Dao hacking, the Ethereum community has to choose from three options
< UL >do nothing and try to bear the consequences of the attack
start soft bifurcation to recover funds
deploy a hard fork to recover the lost eth
both soft and hard bifurcations are significant network upgrades. However, soft fork allows users who are not upgraded to communicate with upgraded users, while hard fork is not backward compatible with previous versions
as developers realize that deploying soft forks will expose the network to distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, Ethereum community decides to initiate hard forks to recover the funds lost in Dao hacking attacks
although this scheme is supported by most people, a small number of people in Ethereum community oppose it. They think that "code is the law" and blockchain network should be unchangeable
the failure of both sides to reach an agreement on the solution eventually led to the fragmentation of Ethereum blockchain
those who tried to recover the lost eth chose the hard fork and opened the Ethereum (ETH) blockchain as we know it today, while another group stayed on the original Ethereum classic (etc) chain
what problems does ethereal classic solve Ethernet classic (etc) is a blockchain platform that allows developers to deploy smart contracts and dapps although this function is the same as Ethereum (ETH), etc blockchain has two main differences first of all, Ethereum classic community opposes tampering with distributed ledger and supports the view that "blockchain network cannot and should not be modified" secondly, although there is no rigid upper limit on the total supply of eth, it is allowed to create 230 million etc at most by adopting the monetary policy of constant supply as a bonus item, ethereal classic launched Atlantis hard bifurcation last year to increase the interaction with Ethereum and improve the privacy protection of transactions through ZK snarks the trading platforms recommended by ethereal classic etc are: Fire coin, okex, AAX, etc
BTC, usdt, ETH, BCH, LTC mean respectively:
1, BTC
bitcoin. The concept was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's idea, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network is built on it. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
2, usdt
TEDA currency is a virtual currency that links cryptocurrency with legal currency US dollar, and is a virtual currency kept in foreign exchange reserve account and supported by legal currency
EthEthereum is an open source public blockchain platform with intelligent contract function, which provides decentralized Ethereum virtual machine to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency ether
4. BCH
bitcoin cash is a new version of bitcoin with different configurations launched by a small number of bitcoin developers
at 20:20 on August 1, 2017, bitcoin cash starts mining, and each bitcoin investor's account will have the same amount of bitcoin cash (BCH)
5, LTC
litecoin, abbreviated as LTC, currency symbol: & # 321;; It is a kind of network currency based on "peer-to-peer" technology. It is also an open source software project under MIT / X11 license. It can help users make instant payments to anyone in the world
source of reference: network bitcoin
source of reference: network TEDA coin
source of reference: network Ethereum
source of reference: network bitcoin cash
source of reference: network letcoin
source of reference: Network
Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function. It provides decentralized virtual machine (Ethereum virtual machine) to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency ether (also known as "Ethereum")
The token on theblockchain is called ether, and the code is eth. It can be traded in many foreign exchange markets of cryptocurrency, and it is also the medium used to pay transaction fees and computing services on Ethereum
the concept of Ethereum was first proposed by vitalik buterin, a programmer, from 2013 to 2014, inspired by bitcoin, with the general meaning of "next generation cryptocurrency and decentralized application platform", and began to develop through ICO crowdfunding in 2014. As of February 2018, Ethernet is the second highest cryptocurrency in market value, second only to bitcoin
extended data:
Ethereum platform has no characteristics and value. Like programming languages, it's up to entrepreneurs and developers to decide what to use. However, it is clear that some application types benefit more from the functions of Ethereum than others. Ethereum is especially suitable for those applications that automatically interact directly between points or promote group coordination activities across networks
for example, coordinate the application of point-to-point market, or the automation of complex financial contracts. Bitcoin enables indivials to exchange money without the help of financial institutions, banks or governments. The impact of Ethereum may be more profound
in theory, any complex financial activities or transactions can be automatically and reliably carried out on Ethereum with coding. In addition to financial applications, any application scenario with high requirements for trust, security and persistence, such as asset registration, voting, management and Internet of things, will be affected by Ethereum platform on a large scale
Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function, which provides decentralized virtual machine (Ethereum virtual machine) to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency Ethereum. The concept of Ethereum was first inspired by bitcoin by vitalik buterin, a programmer, between 2013 and 2014, and now it's 2.0. Ethereum 2.0 is also something that the whole coin circle is waiting for. In order to celebrate the birth of the genesis block of eth2.0 on December 1, chinacoin officially supports the exchange of eth2.0 verification nodes at 17:00 Hong Kong time on November 20, 2020. It will invest its own eth in the verification node mining and exchange qeth to obtain liquidity. It will participate in the mining as soon as the exchange is received. Now it will give back to the user's welfare. The top 1000 eth enjoy the over exchange of qeth according to the ratio of 1:1.02. Compared with eth2.0, qeth has too many advantages: liquidity is guaranteed, users do not need to bear the technical cost, the threshold of participation does not need 32 eth, as low as 0.1eth, nodes are maintained by the platform, and the revenue is distributed according to eth2.0< br /> < br /> < br />
the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009 [1]. According to the idea of Nakamoto, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network on it is constructed. Bitcoin is a virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function, which provides decentralized Ethereum virtual machine to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency ether (ETH)
warm tips:
1. The above information is for reference only, without any suggestions
2. According to the notice on preventing the financing risk of token issuance, there is no approved digital currency trading platform in China. According to the regulation of digital currency in China, investors have the freedom to participate in digital currency transactions at their own risk
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in front of the article: the video version is slightly different from the text version. If you want to see my affectionate interpretation, please see the video version (meow understands blockchain phase 22 | sharding: Ethereum is too slow, "disk" him!), The logic of thinking is strange. Please see the extended version
recently, Ethereum has shown an overwhelming positive trend e to the Constantinople upgrade, while Ethereum's upgrade road is like upgrading and fighting monsters, falling into rabbithole. No one knows how deep the hole is. Since it is a long way to go, it is of vital importance to make every step well and accurately. After overcoming this difficulty, Ethereum's next technical difficulty, sharding fragmentation, has been put on the table again. This issue of "meow understands blockchain" will take you into sharding, the magic weapon that makes Ethereum fast
what is sharding
slicing technology is not a new concept. At first, it is an optimization scheme for large central database. Specifically, it divides the data in large database into many shards according to certain rules, and then stores these data in different servers to rece the data access pressure of each server, So as to improve the performance of the whole database system
let's take a small popular example:
for example, meituan, Didi taxi and other software that we often use can be divided according to the "city". Because the data of different cities do not need to communicate, the data of different cities can be stored in different databases, so that the database server can be deployed to the nearest node from the corresponding city, Can also improve the speed of access, why not do it
from the above examples, we should have a preliminary understanding of the concept of fragmentation. What about fragmentation in blockchain scenarios
taking Ethereum fragmentation as an example, in the original single chain system, the overall performance of the public chain depends on the performance of a single node. After fragmentation, each node only needs to undertake the work of the whole network, and each fragmentation works in parallel. According to vitalik, each shard is like a separate galaxy, and each fragmentation is like an independent universe, In this way, the efficiency will be improved naturally! Originally, the total network TPS of Ethereum chain was about 20. Now, if it is increased to 100 pieces, the total network TPS can be increased to 2000. Similarly, the total network capacity will be increased to 100 times of the original
"each node only needs to undertake part of the work of the whole network", which will lead to several major problems. 1. How to determine which piece of work this node is responsible for? 2. Which transactions should be classified into which segments? 3. Does each node only need to store its own transaction information (ledger)
according to the implementation of the above problems, we can divide the fragmentation into three types: network fragmentation, transaction fragmentation and state fragmentation
Network fragmentation: how to divide the nodes of the whole network into different partitions
transaction segmentation: how to divide the whole network transactions into different segments
State fragmentation: how to make each node only maintain the account book in its own fragmentation without affecting the security of the whole system
the difference and connection between main chain and fragmentation chain
we have understood the types of fragmentation, so what's the difference between main chain and shard chain
turn left | turn right
the realization of Ethereum fragmentation is a long process. Even vitalik himself said that it will be graally realized by stages. We'd better look forward to whether fragmentation can move from theory to practice