Ethereum Dec

1.

POW: full name of proof of work

pos: proof of stake

both of them are the consensus mechanism of blockchain and the bookkeeping method of digital currency

the difference is:

1. POW mechanism: workload proof mechanism, that is, the proof of workload, is the requirement that must be met when generating a new transaction information (that is, a new block) to be added to the blockchain. In the blockchain network based on workload proof mechanism, the ability of nodes to obtain the correct numerical solution to generate blocks by calculating the numerical solution of random hash hash is the specific performance of node computing power

POS mechanism: the proof of rights and interests requires the certifier to provide a certain amount of ownership of cryptocurrency. The operation mode of the proof of rights and interests mechanism is that when creating a new block, the miners need to create a "currency right" transaction, and the transaction will send some coins to the miners themselves according to the preset proportion. According to the proportion and time of token owned by each node, the equity proof mechanism reces the mining difficulty of nodes proportionally according to the algorithm, so as to speed up the speed of searching for random numbers

extended materials:

the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's ideas, the open source software and the P2P network on it were designed and released. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system

unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses the distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses the design of cryptography to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction

2. Class of items and equipment < br /
< br /
< br / < br / < br / < br / < br /
< br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < each of the five runrunes are < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < br / < each of the first-35\\\\\
14 # dol
15 # hel
16 # IO
17 # lum
18 # Ko
19# And they will be the last members of the world's largest (20) lem < br / < br / \\\\\\\\\\\\\/ > 40 / 15: generally, there should be IAS or max after this place, Represents 40 ed / 15ias or 40 ed / 15max damage

ar: attack hit rate
as: attack speed
ds: critical strike attribute
CB: decisive strike
Kb: repel
ow: wound
MF: chance to obtain magic items, It generally refers to a kind of behavior
CBF: not frozen attribute
FHR: fast recovery strike
FCR: fast casting spell
MDR: rece magic damage
ITD: ignore target defense
IAS: increase fast attack speed
eth: irreparable disposable items
FRW: fast moving / running attribute
req: equipment requirements of items, generally including strong, Agility, rank, etc.
icob: increase the probability of resistance
leech: blood sucking / sucking magic power / experience value

pe: perfect emerald
pr: perfect ruby
pd: perfect white diamond slpg: broken gem, the lowest gem
wmpg: perfect gem

Cr: anti ice
fr: fire prevention
LR: anti electricity
PR: anti poison
CD: ice damage
FD: fire damage
LD: electric damage
PD: poison damage
MD: magic damage
res: resistance (four defenses)
def: Defense
dam: damage, DMG in the same way
Dr: rece physical damage, which is commonly known as Wumian
ed: increase damage, or enhance defense

BC: the most commonly refers to the small amulet that increases the probability of magic equipment occurrence by 6%, and another means idiot...
SC: small amulet, generally refers to the small Amulet of 7% MF, Common currency
LC: large amulet
GC: super large amulet
b & # 39; SC: the SC dropped by Baal, because of its high level, can wash out better attributes
n & # 39; SC: the SC dropped by niserak, because of its high level, can wash out better attributes
PDSC: a small talisman to increase poison damage, It generally refers to the small talisman of 100 poison damage
LGC: 1. The super talisman of mage's electric skill

CB: the blade of the giant god
CS: the sword of the giant god
Pb: the magic blade
MS: the sword of the secret instrument
SS: the assassin's close cut
amu: necklace, talisman, amulet, XL
wbow: bow of shelter
bow: bow of matriarch
Gris: Griswold & # 39; S Legacy Ranger essence set for short
cXXq: also cXXe, refers to the weapon with the cruel prefix and light / absorb the suffix. Generally speaking, these are the best
of the same kind of weapon. For example, ccbq, cwpq, CMSE, CSSE, cmbe and so on<
gmbow: generally refers to the bow in the Amazon suit

Lionheart: the language of the talisman lion heart
Fury: the language of the talisman fury
rhyme: the language of the talisman rhyme
White: the language of the talisman white, the wizard PK's good weapon
silence: the language of the talisman silence
smoke: the language of the talisman smoke

uni: dark gold items
GF: grandfather giant's blade, The best weapon of barbarian PVC
TT: dark gold Amazon javelin, also known as Titan
WF: wind power, dark gold nine headed snake bow; Water fish, mostly refers to players who don't understand the market
wt: boots of the battlefield
SOJ: stone of Jordan. The main currency in circulation of war net is
ear: string of ears, which is usually called Wumian belt, Another one is that PK people fall out of their ears
ire: usually refers to rother armor
Sun: rising sun
orb: eyeball or Witch skills
WMJ: Wu Mian armor
WMD: Wu Mian shield
WMK: Wu Mian helmet
game: usually refers to Wu Mian helmet
Room: Sword of dark gold champion
mesh: Wu Mian armor
Mara: Mara's Kaleidoscope Necklace
skin: each battle net has There are some differences, most of them refer to the dark gold flame skin plate armor, and some refer to the dark gold sea snake skin armor
Luna: one of the dark gold shields, which has the attribute of ice absorption
Star: dark gold devil meteor hammer
sash: Wumian belt
Dapao: people often say the cannon, Ballista / DP
bow: the bow of the dark gold Crusader
wmyd: Wumian belt
Raven: Crow
shako: dark gold cap, Junmao
Jordan: Jordan's stone ring
storm: Wumian shield, storm shield
bbface: array & 39; S face Slayer guard special dark gold helmet for barbarians
mallet: Schaefer & # 39; S hammer legendary mallet, the hand weapon of Ranger
Highlord: Highlord & 39; S wrath army's anger, also known as Dajun
Zakarum: dark gold Ranger special shield

Jew: jewel jewelry
JP: boutique, best
LJ: La Ji garbage
leg: leg. It's a must to open the cow level

IK: barbarian suit, short for Immortal King
tal: taraxia suit
naj: Witch suit
Nath: Assassin suit
sign: Xigang suit
laying: glove of disciple suit
mavina: short for Amazon mavina suit, or MVN

character skill class
this class generally has one characteristic, Abbreviations are all mastered by the first letter of each word of the skill, such as CN = = cold master witch's cold magic, AMZ
CS: Amazon's double strike skill
GA: Amazon's Guide arrow skill
LF: Amazon's lightning rage skill
MS: Amazon's row arrow skill
SM: Amazon's slow attack skill
Valk: Amazon's female warrior skill

ASN: assassin, As
cm: Assassin's claw mastery skill
DF: Assassin's dragon flying skill
LS: Assassin's lightning trap skill
MB: Assassin's shockwave skill
ts: Assassin's tiger strike skill
SM: Assassin's shadow master skill
cos: Assassin's phantom Cape skill

bar: barbarian, and BB, Ymr
Bo: barbarian fighting command skill
is: barbarian's steel skin skill
La: barbarian's jumping skill
NR: barbarian's natural resistance skill
SM: barbarian's sword mastery skill
ssbar: double sword barbarian or sword shield barbarian

dru: Druid
CA: Druid's storm armor skill
OS: Druid's Oak skill < br />Fury: Druid's rage skill

SOR: witch, There are also Sorc
es: Witch's energy shield skill
cm: Witch's ice mastery skill
FW: Witch's fire wall skill
LM: Witch's electricity mastery skill
TK: Witch's space taking skill
TP: Witch's blinking skill
ts: Witch's thundercloud skill
SF: Witch's electrostatic field skill
Hydra: Witch's Hydra skill
metal R: Witch's meteorite skill

pal: Ranger, as well as Pala, ally, xxdin
HF: Ranger's holy knot skill
HS: Ranger's Holy Shield skill
con: Ranger's concentrated aura skill, Conc is the same as
FOH: Ranger's heaven fist skill
ven: Ranger's Revenge skill
conv: Ranger's trial aura skill

NEC: Wizard, Similarly, Necro
BW: bone wall skill of wizard
Ce: Corpse Explosion skill of wizard
GM: puppet master skill of wizard
PN: poison Star Skill of wizard
Ig: Iron puppet skill of wizard
Im: iron virgin skill of wizard
LR: resistance rection skill of wizard
amp: damage enhancement skill of wizard
Dec: aging skill of wizard
br/ >
STR: strong
vit: vigor
Eng: energy
DEX: Agility
HP: life value
MP: Mana value

common words class

communication in the game has formed a unique culture. Understanding common phrases is the beginning of integrating into this culture...

=: etc.
b: Baal, the last leader
1: in the process of leading people, If the number is 2, it means danger
5T: five groups of enemies in front of Baal
88: goodbye, many of the same, such as BB, bye, 886, etc.
x #: X is the number in the middle of 1-33, which means the X talisman
BD: in the forum, this word generally means helping the top, BT: pervert
ah: Diablo
3Q: Thank you. There are many more, such as thx, XX, thax, 3x, etc.
4242: Yes, yes
555 ~ ~: cry
ACC: account name
Max: maximum damage
Min: minimum damage
x H: X is a number of 1-2, which means several weapons, For example, 1 h stands for one handed weapon
x s: x stands for the number of 1-6, which means several holes weapon, for example, 6 s stands for six holes weapon
bug: Game vulnerability
ban: account blocked by administrator
BBS: Forum
btw: by the way
char: role

cow: cattle farm
Cr: create game
BRB: replace person, Please wait for me.
Cu: Goodbye
CW: colour wolf, ha ha
DD: things
ds: how much? Used in general transactions; Or "on the ground" means
al: double suction
El: el. It is equivalent to PK
en: Um
exp: experience value
fant: inverted, dizzy, or ft
GG: elder brother
JJ: elder sister
GX: congratulations:)
Hell: Hell difficulty
I C: I see
C / C: room name = China, password = China, Chinese players' home court
J / J: room name = Japan, password = Japan, game room name, Japanese players home
k / K: room name = Korea, password = Korea, game room name, Korean players home
JS: J business
KX: for example, KC / KP / km / KB, main activities of battle. Net, KC = kill cattle; KP = kill the first
jinguai after entering the Red Gate in the fifth scene; Km = kill memphisto; KB = kill bar
CK: ox king, key protection object
lag: network delay, generally means slow network speed
lol: laugh, many other similar ^ o ^, - O --_- And so on
LV: level, level
me 2: me too
mm: sister, Meimei, female player
mod: equipment attribute or alternative mode
n: many kinds of meaning, next game; NO Game room name
newbie: new person
PT: ordinary difficulty; In the forum refers to cheat paste
nm: Nightmare difficulty
dy: Hell difficulty
nor: ordinary difficulty
NP: 1: no problem; 2: Abbreviations of game name and password, such as NP? It means to ask you the name and password of the game
NR = NT: common words of UW server transaction, which means "no reply = no, thank you"
O: Oh
Oh: surprise
OMG: God ~ ~ ~
PF: admire < B

3. Virtual currency ranking

the ranking of digital currency can be measured according to multiple dimensions, such as market value, technical ability, landing in Cheng, 24-hour rise and fall, 24-hour turnover list, 24-hour turnover rate, etc. For the sake of data accuracy, we list the ranking of virtual currencies in the market value list<

let's first look at the data to see how the Ministry of instry and information technology measures the value of digital currency:

saidI Research Institute of the Ministry of instry and information technology officially announced the first global public chain technology evaluation index and ranking. Eth ranked first with a total index of 129.4, while BTC only ranked 13th<

moreover, the ranking method this time is that CCID Research Institute of MIIT does not mention cryptocurrency, but only public chain. The first list of evaluation objects are: bitcoin, Ethereum, reborn, Leyte, bitcoin cash, Cardano, starcoin, Neo, eota, Monroe, dasey, Xinjing, Ethereum classic, quantum chain, Nanor, application chain Big zero coin, verge, stratis, cloud storage coin, stim coin, bitstock, byte coin, wave coin, deced, super cash hcash, Comodo coin, ark. The top ten in the list are eth, stem, LSK, Neo, KMD, XLM, ADA, iota, XmR and strat<

If ranked by market value, the results will be much different: the following data are based on Niuniu app, and the market value represents the first place at the time of writing: bitcoin (BTC)

current price: 26428 yuan, market value: 460.018 billion yuan, total amount of CDB: 21 million, circulation volume: 17.406 million, and circulation market value: 460.207 billion yuan, Issue time: 2009.01.03

second place: XRP

current price: 236 yuan, market value: 95.192 billion yuan, total issue volume: 100 billion yuan, circulation volume: 40.327 billion yuan, circulation market value: 95.181 billion yuan, issue time: 2011.04.18

third place: eth

current price: 734 yuan, market value: 76.136 billion yuan, total issue volume: 104 million yuan, Circulation volume: 104 million, circulation market value: 76.136 billion, issue time: July 24, 2014

fourth place: Star currency (XLM)

current price: 98 yuan, market value: 18.834 billion, total issue: 104.523 billion, circulation volume: 19.155 billion. Circulation market value: 188.43 yuan. Issue time: 2014.08.01

fifth place: bitcoin (BCH)

market value: RMB 137.700 billion, currency price: RMB 810.175, total currency: RMB 21 million, bitcoin cash released on August 1, 2017, jointly created by some bitcoin developers, belongs to the new version of bitcoin. From 2015 to 2017, the price of bitcoin rose rapidly. Different factions competed fiercely for more computer network resources. In order to get out of the competitive environment, one camp created another version and rebuilt the blockchain currency. Bitcoin cash modifies the code of bitcoin, increases the block size to 8m, adopts two-layer network, reces the workload of bitcoin network, and maximizes the efficiency of bitcoin network without damaging the original structure and security of bitcoin blockchain

with the integration of the two exchanges of okex and Huo yuan.com, yuanniuniu can share the trading depth and enjoy the treatment of zero handling charge fund transfer. It only needs to download an app to exchange transactions at both ends. At the same time, yuanniuniu is also a good market software tool, which can help speculators master the latest currency price trends and large positions.

4.
top ten Ethereum mining software in 2020

in terms of market value, Ethereum is the second largest cryptocurrency, second only to bitcoin. Ethereum's popularity among the holders has increased rapidly because it can build the whole decentralized ecosystem and applications on top of its blockchain. As Ethereum is friendly to GPU mining, Ethereum is a good choice for PC users (especially those with AMD high-end graphics cards). However, 24ker should also warn readers that at this time point, Ethereum's price is $241, which means that even if you use radon VII (90mh / s), your weekly profit is less than $7, The annual profit is about $339. However, considering the potential value-added space of Ethereum, if the price can return to the healthy range of $500-600, it means that your radon will be back in one year

if you already have Ethereum mining hardware and an effective wallet, all you have to do is to find the best eth mining software, which will help you manage the mining work effectively

in this article, we will introce the features, advantages and compatible operating systems. But before we get there... Let's talk about the basics

why Ethereum

unlike traditional currencies, Ethernet operates on the public ledger system, which makes mining itself the core power of Ethereum network. When miners receive the transaction data sent by other members of the network, they assemble them into a structure called Merkle tree, and then try to find an acceptable hash value

only one hash will be returned for each dataset, and the hash value cannot be used to dece the original data. Its purpose is to effectively ensure that the block information is not tampered with. Moreover, if someone changes even one number in any long transaction string, the output hash value will be completely different, and false transaction or fraud will be eliminated

as you can see, if there is no Ethereum mining, Ethereum network will be paralyzed immediately. Therefore, participating in Ethereum mining is not only the mining revenue, but also the support for the operation and growth of Ethereum

what is mining software< In short, mining software is a program that uses a computer graphics card (GPU) as a resource to solve complex mathematical equations. Once the equation is solved, the data is added to the rest of the blockchain

the mining software will monitor the input and output of the hardware, and display statistical data to you, such as miner speed, fan speed, temperature and hash rate

the Ethereum mining software described in this article can be connected to many available Ethereum mining pools

Ethereum mine pool

Ethereum mine pool is a resource area that is equally distributed and shared among miners. Nowadays, it has become too difficult for a person to dig a mine, so it is necessary to use the way of mining pool to fight in groups

today, Ethereum is one of the most famous choice of Ethereum mines. The pool allows its users to remain anonymous and pay only a small 1% mining fee<

top ten Ethereum mining software:

1-ethminer (Ethereum Royal)

it can be seen from the name that ethminer is specially designed for mining Ethereum, and currently supports Linux, MAC and windows. Make sure to download the version corresponding to the device's operating system

in addition to Ethereum, you can also use ethminer to mine all tokens according to ethash algorithm, including expand, elaism, metaverse, musicoin, Pirl, Ethereum classic, etc< Ethminer is a command line software. This means that you can start it from the Linux console or the windows command prompt, or you can use the windows CMD / batch file or the Linux bash script to create a shortcut to the preset command line<

(2-cgminer)

this program was released in 2011. Because it is compatible with three different mining hardware (ASIC, FPGA and GPU), it is still one of the most popular mining software options. CG miner is an open source Ethereum miner written in C language, and provides support and binary files for openwrt router, RPI, etc

the advantages of cgminer include the ability to match your hash rate with zero latency extension, remote interface function and advanced detection of new blocks. The software can be used for Mac, Linux and windows

3 - Claymore (maximum efficiency)

if you are looking for the most efficient Ethereum mining software, please consider using Claymore's al Ethereum mining machine, which can speed up to any hash rate without sacrificing the mining speed

Claymore recently released v12.0 upgrade, which reces the equipment cost of al mining mode from 2% to 1%. The upgrade also offers 3gb and 2GB cards with zero development costs. However, Claymore al miner can't run on Mac. At present, it can only run on Linux and windows. But it supports both NVIDIA and AMD cards

other coins you can mine with this program include siacoin, lbry, decred and Pascal< If you are not familiar with cryptocurrency mining and are looking for the simplest Ethereum mining software, please check wineth

the software is based on the ethminer that we have just evaluated, but wineth provides users with a more simple and easy to understand GUI, combined with "intelligent" algorithm, which will provide the configuration that can ensure the best performance on the new user's hardware

as can be seen from the name, wineth is only compatible with windows devices, and you can find it in the windows 10 app store.

5. Blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of information about bitcoin network transactions, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block.

6. Ethernet refers to the baseband LAN specification created by Xerox company and jointly developed by Xerox, Intel and DEC company. It is the most common communication protocol standard used in current LAN. Ethernet uses CSMA / CD (carrier sense multiple access and conflict detection) technology, and runs on various types of cables at the rate of 10m / s. Five E1 is 10m

7. ifconfig eth0 down
ifconfig eth0 up

用root执行，重启试下