Ethereum equipment
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what is Ethereum
Ethereum is often compared with bitcoin, but the situation is different. Bitcoin is a kind of cryptocurrency and distributed payment network, which allows bitcoin to be transferred between users
the Ethereum project has a bigger goal. As Ethereum said, "Ethereum is a distributed platform running smart contracts.". These smart contracts run on "Ethereum virtual machine", a distributed computing network composed of all devices running Ethernet nodes
"distributed platform" means that anyone can set up and run an Ethereum node just as anyone can run a bitcoin node. Anyone who wants to run "smart contracts" on nodes must pay the operators of these nodes in ether, which is a cryptocurrency related to Ethereum. Therefore, the person running the Ethernet node provides computing power and gets paid in the Ethernet, which is similar to the way that the person running the bitcoin node provides hash power and pays in bitcoin
in other words, although bitcoin is only a blockchain and payment network, Ethereum is a distributed computing network, and its blockchain can be used for many other things. Details are provided in the Ethereum white paper
what is smart contract
smart contracts are applications that run on Ethereum virtual machines. This is a distributed "world computer" with computing power provided by all Ethereum nodes. Any node providing computing power will pay in ether digital currency as a resource
they are named smart contracts because you can write "contracts" that execute automatically when you meet the requirements
for example, imagine building a KickStarter like crowdfunding service on Ethereum. Someone can set up an Ethereum smart contract to pool funds to others. The smart contract can be written as follows: when $100000 of currency is added to the pool, it will be sent to the recipient. Or, if the $100000 threshold is not reached within a month, all currencies will be returned to the original holder of the currency. Of course, this would use ether instead of dollars
all this will be done according to the smart contract code, which can automatically execute the transaction without the need for a trusted third party to hold the currency and sign the transaction. For example, KickStarter charges 5% above the 5% payment processing fee, which means it will charge $8000 to $10000 for a $100000 crowdfunding project. Smart contracts don't have to pay a fee to a third party like KickStarter
smart contracts can be used for many different things. Developers can create smart contracts to provide functions for other smart contracts, similar to the way software libraries work. Alternatively, smart contracts can simply be used as applications to store information on the Ethereum blockchain
in order to really execute the smart contract code, someone has to send enough Ethernet tokens as the transaction fee - how much depends on the required computing resources. This costs the Ethereum nodes to participate and provide computing power. The global shared matrix project, which is completely decentralized, aims to preach Ethereum and let more players know Ethereum, smart contracts and forsage code btshijie
Bitcoin uses SHA-256 encryption algorithm. When mining, it competes with computing power. In order to improve computing power, bitcoin has gone through four stages: CPU mining, GPU mining, FPGA mining and now ASIC mining machine mining, and the degree of specialization is getting higher and higher
Ethereum uses the ethash encryption algorithm. In the process of mining, it needs to read the memory and store the DAG file. Because the bandwidth of each read memory is limited, and the existing computer technology is difficult to have a qualitative breakthrough in this problem, so no matter how to improve the computing efficiency of the computer, the memory read efficiency will not be greatly improved. Therefore, in a sense, Ethereum's ethash encryption algorithm is ASIC resistant.
different encryption algorithms lead to great differences in mining equipment and computing power between bitcoin and Ethereum
at present, bitcoin mining equipment is mainly ASIC mining machine with a very high degree of specialization. The maximum computing power of a single mining machine is 110t / s, and the scale of computing power of the whole network is more than 120eh / s
the main mining equipment of Ethereum is video card miner, and there are very few specialized ASIC miner. On the one hand, the "ASIC resistance" of Ethereum mining algorithm improves the threshold of developing ASIC miner. On the other hand, after Ethereum is upgraded to 2.0, the consensus mechanism will be transformed into POS, and the miner can not continue mining
compared with the ASIC miner, the graphics card miner has two orders of magnitude difference in computing power. At present, the computing power of mainstream graphics card miner (8 cards) is about 420mh / s, and that of Ethereum is about 230th / s.
from the time dimension of the past two years, bitcoin's computing power of the whole network is growing rapidly, while Ethereum's computing power of the whole network is growing relatively slowly
The ASIC mining machine of
bitcoin is monopolized by several major mining machine manufacturers, and miners can only buy it from the market; Although the graphics card miner of Ethereum is also manufactured by a special miner, the miner can buy accessories from the market and assemble them according to his own demand
each version of Ethernet has a maximum cable length limit (that is, the length without amplification). Signals within this range can propagate normally, and signals beyond this range cannot propagate
in order to allow the construction of a larger network, repeaters can be used to connect multiple cables. Repeater is a physical layer device, which can receive, amplify and retransmit signals in two directions
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several common Ethernet interface types
1. SC optical fiber interface
SC optical fiber interface has been applied in the era of 100base TX Ethernet, so it was called 100base FX at that time (F is the abbreviation of optical fiber). However, at that time, because the performance was not more prominent than twisted pair, but the cost was higher, so it was not popularized. Now the instry vigorously promotes gigabit network, and SC optical fiber interface is re valued
2. RJ-45 interface
this kind of interface is the most common network equipment interface, commonly known as "crystal head", and the professional term is RJ-45 connector, which belongs to the type of twisted pair Ethernet interface. RJ-45 plug can only be inserted along the fixed direction, and a plastic spring piece is set to be stuck with RJ-45 slot to prevent it from falling off
3. FDDI interface
FDDI has the highest transmission rate among the mature LAN technologies. It has the characteristics of timed token protocol, supports a variety of topologies, and its transmission medium is optical fiber. Fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) is a set of protocols developed by American National Organization for Standardization (ANSI) to transmit digital signals on optical cables
reference source: Network Ethernet interface
The con port is the console interface, which is directly connected to the serial port of the computer by using the console cable. The router is configured locally by using the terminal emulator (generally using the "super terminal" of windows)
eth port is Ethernet interface, and Ethernet interface is the port of network data connection, which connects different computer devices together. The basic elements of Ethernet equipment networking include switch, router, hub, optical fiber and common network cable, Ethernet protocol and communication rules
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switches that can be used for network management generally have a "console" port, which is specially used for the configuration and management of switches. Connecting and configuring the switch through the console port is a necessary step to configure and manage the switch
because other configuration methods often need the help of IP address, domain name or device name, and it is obviously impossible for newly purchased switches to have these parameters built-in, so the console port is the most common and basic switch management and configuration port
console ports of different types of switches are located in different positions, some on the front panel and some on the back panel. Generally, molar switches are mostly located on the front panel, while fixed configuration switches are mostly located on the back panel. On the top or side of the port, there will be a sign similar to "console"
Ethernet interface types: SC optical fiber interface, RJ-45 interface, FDDI interface, AUI interface, BNC interface, console interface
Ethereum uses fog computing. The data processing and applications of fog computing are concentrated in the devices at the edge of the network, rather than almost all stored in the cloud, which is an extension concept of cloud computing, which is more in line with the spirit of decentralization of blockchain. If all the storage and operations still stay on the centralized server, then it will not be a real blockchain
recently, the hot "ethereal cat" on Ethereum network has led to the congestion of Ethereum network. The problem is that the TPS concurrency per second of Ethereum is too low. The emergence of ethereumfog with fog computing will break the embarrassing situation of Ethereum network congestion, and add powerful decentralized storage and additional computing power to the chain
the concept of fog computing may be unfamiliar to many chain friends, but it is the most important aspect of ether fog to attract investors. In fact, I have heard about the concept of fog computing for a long time, and I have always thought that fog computing is the future development direction. When it comes to fog computing, we should start with cloud computing. In fact, the cloud computing we see now evolves from the cluster of independent servers, that is, from the original centralized independent servers to large server clusters, but in the final analysis, it is still a form of centralized computing. Compared with cloud computing, which is the evolution of centralized computing, fog computing is to share computing tasks with various computing power devices around us, and realize the evolution of decentralized and distributed computing, which coincides with the philosophy of blockchain itself.
what is Ethereum
Ethereum is often compared with bitcoin, but the situation is different. Bitcoin is a kind of cryptocurrency and distributed payment network, which allows bitcoin to be transferred between users
related: what is bitcoin? How does it work
Ethereum has a bigger goal. As Ethereum says, "Ethereum is a distributed platform running smart contracts.". These smart contracts run on "Ethereum virtual machine", a distributed computing network composed of all devices running Ethernet nodes
"distributed platform" means that anyone can set up and run an Ethereum node just as anyone can run a bitcoin node. Anyone who wants to run "smart contracts" on nodes must pay the operators of these nodes in ether, which is a cryptocurrency related to Ethereum. Therefore, the person running the Ethernet node provides computing power and gets paid in the Ethernet, which is similar to the way that the person running the bitcoin node provides hash power and pays in bitcoin
in other words, although bitcoin is only a blockchain and payment network, Ethereum is a distributed computing network, and its blockchain can be used for many other things. Details are provided in the Ethereum white paper
what is ether
Ethernet is a digital token (or cryptocurrency) related to Ethereum blockchain. In other words, Ethereum is the token and Ethereum is the platform. But now people often use these terms alternately. For example, coinbase allows you to buy Ethereum, which stands for Ethereum
this is technically "altcoin", which actually means a non bitcoin cryptocurrency. Like bitcoin, ether is supported by distributed blockchain - in this case, Ethereum blockchain
developers who want to create applications or Ethereum smart contracts on Ethereum blockchain need Ethernet token to pay for nodes to host it, while users of Ethereum based applications may need Ethernet to pay for services in these applications. People can also sell services outside the Ethereum network and accept Ethernet payments, or they can sell Ethernet tokens in cash - just like bitcoin
2) in terms of algorithm, the core algorithm sha256 adopted by bed and BTC has the same value attributes, but bed has established a new economic model through new technology development; Eth uses ethash algorithm
3) from the perspective of mining cost: BTC mining is becoming more and more difficult and has become an arena for mining equipment. At present, the latest 110t ant S19 Pro mining machine has adopted the latest 7Nm chip, and the price of the machine is nearly 20000 yuan. Some low computing power machines, such as the former king ant S9, can only be eliminated, resulting in a huge waste of resources; Eth uses graphics card GPU to mine, and the cost is also quite high; And bed can dig directly with the existing bitcoin miner or the obsolete bitcoin miner with low computing power, so the cost of miner is very low and the waste of resources is reced
4) from the perspective of total amount and upgrade space: the total amount of BTC is 21 million, and the current price is about ￥ 76000; The total amount of eth will reach 113 million, and the current price is about 2500 yuan; The total amount of bed and BTC is 21 million, and there is a huge space for upgrading.
After reading the answers of other respondents, I really want to laugh. It's not terrible to pretend that I don't understand. What's terrible is to answer blindly. There's something wrong with this question. The burst of 5.7 billion yuan has nothing to do with a drop of 10 cents. It can even be said that its disappearance is e to the sharp rise. So where is the decline? If bitcoin really falls, it will not be 5.7 billion capital washed away, it will be tens of billions, hundreds of billions of capital evaporated, those who talk about trends and development, please study the capital and stock market well, and by the way, please search for the meaning of the word "burst", no culture is too terrible
in addition, I would like to make a digression. Recently, a hot topic is fund. In 2021, the annual meeting is more or less a national fund. In 2020, the fund manager is still a good active fund. Even if the position is not changed, the annual yield will reach at least 40%, but this does not mean that this year is still OK, It's not that everyone can make money playing with funds. it's similar to the nature of stocks. Index funds, stock funds and even active funds are risky. I think many people say that they should get on the bus quickly. They are really worried about your funds of course, 2021 may be a bull market. It is estimated that the whole network has spread, many people are rubbing their hands to make a lot of money, but I can't do much. I just advise you not to go with the flow too much, don't be greedy, and don't think you are. That's all. Good luck