High rejection rate of Ethereum

There is an essential difference between Ethereum and bitcoin. What is the difference? Bitcoin defines a set of currency system, while Ethereum focuses on building a main chain (which can be understood as a road) to allow a large number of blockchain applications to run on this road

from this point of view, Ethereum's application scenarios are more extensive, which is why we say that Ethereum marks a simple monetary system in the era of blockchain

1.0, and a transformation to other instries and application scenarios in the era of blockchain 2.0

however, there is no perfect thing in the world. Although Ethereum has expanded the application scope of blockchain in all walks of life and improved the speed of transaction processing, it also has some disputes and doubts

first, the solution to the lack of scalability of Ethereum: slicing technology and lightning network

the bottom design of Ethereum, the biggest problem is that Ethereum has only one chain and no side chain, which means that all programs have to run on this chain equally, consuming resources and causing system congestion. Just like last year's very popular Ethereum game "encryption cat", when this game was very popular, it once caused Ethereum network paralysis

to improve the processing capacity, Ethereum proposes two ways: shard and lightning network. Let's introce these two technologies respectively

(1) fragmentation technology

vitalik buterin, founder of Ethereum, believes that the reason why mainstream blockchain networks such as bitcoin process transactions very slowly is that every miner has to process every transaction in the whole network, which is actually very inefficient. The idea of fragmentation technology is: a transaction does not need to be processed by all nodes in the whole network, as long as some nodes (miners) in the network are allowed to process it. Therefore, Ethereum network is divided into many pieces. At the same time, each piece can handle different transactions. In this way, the network performance will be greatly improved

however, the slicing technology is also controversial. As we all know, the important idea of blockchain technology is decentralization. Only when the whole network witnesses (processes) the same transaction can it have the highest authority. The Ethereum slicing technology is similar to the group witness, not all nodes witness together. In this way, it will lose the absolute "decentralization" attribute, and can only achieve the purpose of high performance by sacrificing certain characteristics of decentralization

(2) lightning network

lightning network uses the way of transaction under the chain. What does that mean? It means: when the participants of lightning network transfer money to each other, they do not need to confirm the transaction through the main chain of Ethereum, but create a payment channel between the participants and complete it under the chain

however, lightning network is not separated from the main chain. Before establishing a payment channel, you need to use the assets on the main chain as collateral to generate a balance proof, which indicates that you can transfer the corresponding balance. In the case that both parties of the transaction hold the balance certificate, both parties can make unlimited number of transfers under the chain through the payment channel

only when the off chain transaction is completed and the assets need to be transferred back to the chain, the balance change information of the main chain account will be registered on the Ethereum main chain, and no matter how many transactions occur ring this period, there will be no record on the main chain

another real benefit of lightning network is that it can save the cost of miners for you. At present, when we trade on the main chain of Ethereum, we need to consume gas and pay for miners. Once we move the transaction to the lower chain, we can save this part of the cost

the above is the problem of insufficient scalability of Ethereum, as well as the two main solutions: fragmentation technology and lightning network

Second, there are loopholes in Ethereum's smart contract and the infamous Dao event

Ethereum's smart contract is very powerful, but there are loopholes in any code. The biggest controversy of Ethereum's smart contract lies in the so-called loopholes, that is, security issues. According to relevant research, 34200 (about 3%) of the nearly 1 million smart contracts based on Ethereum contain security vulnerabilities, which will allow hackers to steal eth, freeze assets or delete contracts, such as the infamous Dao incident

before introcing the Dao event, let's first introce what Dao is. Dao is the abbreviation of decentralized

autonomous organization, which can be understood as decentralized autonomous organization. From the perspective of Ethereum, Dao is a kind of contract or a combination of contracts on the blockchain, which is used to replace the government's review and complex intermediate proceres, so as to achieve an efficient and decentralized trust system. Therefore, Dao is not a specific organization, that is to say, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao

(2) the infamous Dao event

however, when we talk about Dao now, we basically refer to the Dao event, that is, the infamous hacker attack event we just mentioned. As we know, the English word "the" refers to "the Dao event". The Dao event

refers to "the Dao event", because we just said that Dao is not a specific organization, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao

in 2016, slock.it, a German company focusing on "smart locks", launched the Dao project on Ethereum in order to realize decentralized physical exchange (such as apartments and ships). Since April 30, 2016, the financing window has been open for 28 days

unexpectedly, this Dao project is very popular. It raised more than US $100 million in just half a month. By the end of the whole financing period, it raised a total of US $150 million. Therefore, it has become the largest crowdfunding project in history. However, it didn't last long. In June, hackers took advantage of the loopholes in the smart contract to successfully transfer more than 3.6 million Ethernet coins and put them into a Dao sub organization, which has the same structure as the Dao. At that time, the price of Ethernet currency fell directly from more than $20 to less than $13

this event shows that there are loopholes in smart contracts, and once the loopholes are exploited by hackers, the consequences will be very serious. This is why many people criticize Ethereum and say that its smart contract is not smart

to solve this problem, many foreign companies begin to provide code audit services in order to solve the vulnerability problem of smart contract. From a technical point of view, some teams are currently testing smart contracts. Most of these teams are led by professors from Harvard, Stanford and Yale, and some of them have obtained investment from leading institutions

in addition to the problems of insufficient expansibility and loopholes in smart contracts, the controversy over Ethereum lies in the POS consensus mechanism it pursues, that is, the proof of equity mechanism. Under the proof of equity mechanism, if anyone holds more money and holds it for a longer time, he will get more "rights" (interests) and have the opportunity to get bookkeeping power, Bookkeeping can also be rewarded. In this way, it is easy to create the oligarchic advantage of "the stronger the stronger"

First of all, we need to understand what is MLM:

MLM refers to the illegal behavior of organizers and development personnel to obtain wealth by calculating and paying remuneration to the developed personnel based on the number or performance of the personnel directly or indirectly developed, or requiring the developed personnel to pay certain fees to obtain the qualification to join. The essence of MLM is "Ponzi scheme", that is to say, the money of later comers is distributed to the income of former comers

then judge whether the ether coin is a kind of MLM, whether you need membership fee, whether you need to ask your relatives and friends to join

extended materials:

Ethereum is an underlying technology platform on which developers can create distributed applications. With the application, there will be transactions. With a transaction, you need money to complete the transaction. In this way, money has value, and investors' investment has a return. If the transaction volume on the platform is larger and larger, the demand for money will be higher and higher, and the money will be more and more valuable

from the perspective of image, bitcoin creates a kind of digital gold, while Ethereum creates a country, and Ethereum is the credit currency of the country

after bitcoin, there are thousands of digital virtual currencies in the world, many of which are completely deceptive in the guise of "digital currency". Previously, Haikou Municipal Public Security cracked down on a pyramid selling organization called "Eurasian currency", which operated on the internet pyramid selling platform, making more than 40000 investors cheated, involving 4.06 billion yuan. The field of virtual currency has just started, so we need to be cautious

resources : Ethernet money network

Sinoma equipment has national innovation platforms such as national cement energy conservation and environmental protection engineering research center, national enterprise technology center and postdoctoral workstation, undertakes a number of national major instrial technology development projects and science and technology support plan projects, has modern laboratory and experimental base, advanced and complete research means and instruments and equipment, and has high-level, high-quality, high-tech, high-tech, high-tech, high-tech, high-tech, high-tech, high-tech, high-tech, high-tech, high-tech, high-tech High level cooperative research team and research conditions have promoted the continuous innovation and technological progress of the instry. Summary of scientific and technological achievements appraisal technical research and application of sludge collaborative treatment by cement kiln Will
research and application of new dry process cement firing technology and equipment in high altitude areas
2009.12 research and application of trm5341 raw material roller mill of provincial proction line with a daily output of 5000 tons
2009.12 Instry Association
development and application of bag st collection technology instead of electric st collection technology at kiln end
2008.12
research and application of high-rise steel tube concrete tower structure at kiln end of Provincial Cement Plant
2008.12
provincial
roller press cement semi final grinding system technology development
2008.07
Instry Association
development and application of cement calciner computer-aided experimental platform
2008.05
Instry Association
development and application of pulverized coal suspension combustion test device
2008.05
Instry Association
research and application of anthracite calcination technology in cement kiln
2007.05
development of provincial
trm3131s slag roller mill
2006.05
development of provincial
10000t / d cement clinker proction line large toothed roller crusher
2004.12
development of provincial
10000t / d cement clinker proction line large single stage crusher
2004.12
development and application of provincial
provincial
new type row jet pulse bag st collector
2004.12
provincial < B R / > Research on crushing technology and equipment development of high abrasive and viscous wet mixture
2004.12
provincial
Application of intelligent MCC and Fieldbus Technology in cement plant
2004.12
provincial
trp140 / 100 large roller press
2003.12
provincial
research and application of cement composite grinding aid
2003.12
provincial
automatic grinding of free calcium oxide Determination method research and proct development Research and development
2003.12
provincial
5000t / D new dry process cement proction key technology and equipment development and engineering application
2002.12
Instry Association
TC type hydraulic large inflatable beam grate cooler
2002.12
Instry Association
research and development of coal mill dynamic static high efficiency powder separator
2000.12
ministerial level
research and development of TCX superfine powder separator < br/ >Development of 2000.12
ministry level
tkpc18d18 double rotor hammer crusher (1200t / h large single stage hammer crusher)
2000.12
ministry level
SD series bag st collector
ministry level
research and development of low temperature waste heat power generation technology and equipment in cement plant
2000.12
ministry level
development and application of low volatile coal calcination technology
19 99.09
ministerial level
TP-1 raw meal homogenization silo
1999.05
ministerial level
TC type inflatable beam high efficiency grate cooler
1999.05
ministerial level
development and research of TLS type combined high efficiency powder concentrator
1999.05
ministerial level
cement plant proction management information system
1998.07
ministerial level
Application of 110 meter diameter rib ring dome steel structure in large cement plant homogenization silo With
1997.12
ministry level
high concentration Application of large high temperature bag filter system in Beijing cement plant<
1994.11
ministry level
LPM type gas shock bag filter
1994.11
local level
development of pulse injection system and its application in pulse bag filter
1993.06
local level
TDCC type distributed computer control and management system of large and medium sized cement plant
1993.06
local level
development of electric st collector in blast furnace tapping yard and its application in new No.3 blast furnace of WISCO The application of sfd2.1 program for silo and foundation design
1993.12
ministry level
ministry level
Research on the transformation of shw60m2 electrostatic precipitator system at the end of dry rotary kiln
1993.10
Application and calculation of modern design method in the design of tube mill CAD software system MCD development
1992.08
ministerial level
five level low pressure loss cyclone preheating system
1991.08
ministerial level
ring groove hyperboloid energy saving liner
1991.04
local level
vertical kiln electrostatic precipitator
1991.10
local level
tsl-180 screw pump
1990.07
local level
reluctance electric ear
1990.07
local level Application technology of air gun in preheater system of cement kiln />December 1989
ministry level
bellows expansion joint for hot air ct of cement plant
December 1989
base level
electromechanical st collector and st collection system of coal drying
July 1988
local level Φ two point two × Technical transformation of 6.5m mill expansion
1988.06
local level
new air permeable layer and its application in chute
1987.07
local level
instrial test of circular flow grinding of pneumatic separator
1987.12
Research on local level
double layer raw meal homogenization technology and equipment
1986.12
local level
Computer Aided structure design integrated system frame part (MASD / F)
1986.12
ministry level
tlpc limestone single-stage crushing technology and equipment
ministry level
1986.11
ministry level
two-stage cyclone three bowl eccentric flat vertical preheater rotary kiln
1985.07
local level
powder material level indication system
1985.04
base level
instrial test of secondary powder separation by pneumatic separator
1985.03
ministry level
three fans Research on the technology and equipment of raw cement material preparation by roller mill
1985.12
local level
high efficiency grate cooler
1985.12
ministerial level
clinker cooler electrical st collector
1985.12
ministerial level
coal mill electrical st collector
1985.12
ministerial level
grinding machine hydrostatic bearing
1984.05
local level
b320 / 50 0-6 rotary punching paper bag machine
1984.12
local level
qt-84 gas slag cleaner
1984.10
local level
new bulk cement loading system
1983.06
ministerial level
large hook bucket elevator
ministerial level
permafrost crusher
1983.03
local level
FD screen closed blowing vibration flat bag st collector
1983.12
ministerial level
local level />Gypsum unloader
1983.10
local level
cement mill round angle square section combined lining board
1982.12
ministerial level
small diameter Block material sealing technology
1982.10
won the invention prize
instrial test of limestone pre homogenization technology
1982.10
ministerial level
wy85-8960-4 / II new type electric st collector
1981.07
ministerial level
research and test on double drive of synchronous asynchronous motor of mill
1981.06
basic level
pneumatic swing double way valve
1981.05
basic level
double nozzle cement packaging Intermediate test of machine automation
1981.04
ministerial level
CZ mill angle spiral liner
1981.11
local level
Φ one thousand and sixty × Experimental study on the determination of stress and deformation of kiln shell
1980.08
base level
ball milling rubber lining of wet process ceramic materials
1979.06
local level
instrial test of dry process cement kiln tail humidifier Instrial test of measuring device
1978.06
ministry level
development and application of rubber liner for wet raw material grinding in cement plant
1978.03
ministry level
Mechanical bag dropping belt loader
1978.10
summary table of achievement appraisal of ministry level computer software Ministry level
3
3D color deposit model system (software)
1998.04
ministry level
4
engineering archives management system (software)
1998.04
ministry level
5
computer aided design software for regional flood control engineering
1997.11
ministry level
6
TDCC distributed computer control and management system for large and medium sized cement plants
1993.06
local level<
7
CAD software for outdoor water supply and drainage pipe network (water)
December 1993
ministerial level
8
silo and foundation design program sfd2.1
December 1993
ministerial level
9
Application of modern design method in tube mill design and development of MCD software system
August 1992
ministerial level
10
file computer management system<
1992.07
instry group
11
ejcd hot air ct expansion joint computer aided design system
1990.07
instry group
12
PC and upper computer control system of cement plant with daily output of 2000 tons
1989.12
ministry level
13
cement raw material mine deposit model software system (CDNs)
1988.09
instry group
14
TD75 belt conveyor process layout Design bclcad program
1988.07
instry group
15<
the development of MASD in the framework of computer aided structural design integrated system Development and application of roller mill group science and technology progress special prize Sinoma Group 2010 new grate cooler development and application group science and technology progress first prize Sinoma Group 2010 superfine fly ash in concrete application research group science and technology progress second prize Sinoma Group 2010 cement kiln end electrostatic precipitator to bag st collector technology development and application instry technology Innovation China Building Materials Instry Association China Silicate Society 2009 roller press cement semi final grinding system technology development instry science and technology progress third prize China Building Materials Instry Association China Silicate Society 2009 energy consumption limit of cement instry Development of calibration standard for cement kiln and thermal engineering third prize of Tianjin Science and technology progress Tianjin Municipal People's Government 2009 cement kiln end electrostatic precipitator