Ethereum lightning network
There is an essential difference between Ethereum and bitcoin. What is the difference? Bitcoin defines a set of currency system, while Ethereum focuses on building a main chain (which can be understood as a road) to allow a large number of blockchain applications to run on this road
from this point of view, Ethereum's application scenarios are more extensive, which is why we say that Ethereum marks a simple monetary system in the era of blockchain
1.0, and a transformation to other instries and application scenarios in the era of blockchain 2.0
however, there is no perfect thing in the world. Although Ethereum has expanded the application scope of blockchain in all walks of life and improved the speed of transaction processing, it also has some disputes and doubts
first, the solution to the lack of scalability of Ethereum: slicing technology and lightning network
the bottom design of Ethereum, the biggest problem is that Ethereum has only one chain and no side chain, which means that all programs have to run on this chain equally, consuming resources and causing system congestion. Just like last year's very popular Ethereum game "encryption cat", when this game was very popular, it once caused Ethereum network paralysis
to improve the processing capacity, Ethereum proposes two ways: shard and lightning network. Let's introce these two technologies respectively
(1) fragmentation technology
vitalik buterin, founder of Ethereum, believes that the reason why mainstream blockchain networks such as bitcoin process transactions very slowly is that every miner has to process every transaction in the whole network, which is actually very inefficient. The idea of fragmentation technology is: a transaction does not need to be processed by all nodes in the whole network, as long as some nodes (miners) in the network are allowed to process it. Therefore, Ethereum network is divided into many pieces. At the same time, each piece can handle different transactions. In this way, the network performance will be greatly improved
however, the slicing technology is also controversial. As we all know, the important idea of blockchain technology is decentralization. Only when the whole network witnesses (processes) the same transaction can it have the highest authority. The Ethereum slicing technology is similar to the group witness, not all nodes witness together. In this way, it will lose the absolute "decentralization" attribute, and can only achieve the purpose of high performance by sacrificing certain characteristics of decentralization
(2) lightning network
lightning network uses the way of transaction under the chain. What does that mean? It means: when the participants of lightning network transfer money to each other, they do not need to confirm the transaction through the main chain of Ethereum, but create a payment channel between the participants and complete it under the chain
however, lightning network is not separated from the main chain. Before establishing a payment channel, you need to use the assets on the main chain as collateral to generate a balance proof, which indicates that you can transfer the corresponding balance. In the case that both parties of the transaction hold the balance certificate, both parties can make unlimited number of transfers under the chain through the payment channel
only when the off chain transaction is completed and the assets need to be transferred back to the chain, the balance change information of the main chain account will be registered on the Ethereum main chain, and no matter how many transactions occur ring this period, there will be no record on the main chain
another real benefit of lightning network is that it can save the cost of miners for you. At present, when we trade on the main chain of Ethereum, we need to consume gas and pay for miners. Once we move the transaction to the lower chain, we can save this part of the cost
Of course, lightning network is not perfect. When using the lightning network, the assets on the main chain should be used as collateral; And this part of assets as collateral can not be used before the user completes the transaction under the chain. This also determines that lightning trading is only suitable for small transactionsthe above is the problem of insufficient scalability of Ethereum, as well as the two main solutions: fragmentation technology and lightning network
Second, there are loopholes in Ethereum's smart contract and the infamous Dao event
Ethereum's smart contract is very powerful, but there are loopholes in any code. The biggest controversy of Ethereum's smart contract lies in the so-called loopholes, that is, security issues. According to relevant research, 34200 (about 3%) of the nearly 1 million smart contracts based on Ethereum contain security vulnerabilities, which will allow hackers to steal eth, freeze assets or delete contracts, such as the infamous Dao incident
(1) what does Dao meanbefore introcing the Dao event, let's first introce what Dao is. Dao is the abbreviation of decentralized
autonomous organization, which can be understood as decentralized autonomous organization. From the perspective of Ethereum, Dao is a kind of contract or a combination of contracts on the blockchain, which is used to replace the government's review and complex intermediate proceres, so as to achieve an efficient and decentralized trust system. Therefore, Dao is not a specific organization, that is to say, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao
(2) the infamous Dao event
however, when we talk about Dao now, we basically refer to the Dao event, that is, the infamous hacker attack event we just mentioned. As we know, the English word "the" refers to "the Dao event". The Dao event
refers to "the Dao event", because we just said that Dao is not a specific organization, there can be many Dao, all kinds of Dao
in 2016, slock.it, a German company focusing on "smart locks", launched the Dao project on Ethereum in order to realize decentralized physical exchange (such as apartments and ships). Since April 30, 2016, the financing window has been open for 28 days
unexpectedly, this Dao project is very popular. It raised more than US $100 million in just half a month. By the end of the whole financing period, it raised a total of US $150 million. Therefore, it has become the largest crowdfunding project in history. However, it didn't last long. In June, hackers took advantage of the loopholes in the smart contract to successfully transfer more than 3.6 million Ethernet coins and put them into a Dao sub organization, which has the same structure as the Dao. At that time, the price of Ethernet currency fell directly from more than $20 to less than $13
this event shows that there are loopholes in smart contracts, and once the loopholes are exploited by hackers, the consequences will be very serious. This is why many people criticize Ethereum and say that its smart contract is not smart
to solve this problem, many foreign companies begin to provide code audit services in order to solve the vulnerability problem of smart contract. From a technical point of view, some teams are currently testing smart contracts. Most of these teams are led by professors from Harvard, Stanford and Yale, and some of them have obtained investment from leading institutions
in addition to the problems of insufficient expansibility and loopholes in smart contracts, the controversy over Ethereum lies in the POS consensus mechanism it pursues, that is, the proof of equity mechanism. Under the proof of equity mechanism, if anyone holds more money and holds it for a longer time, he will get more "rights" (interests) and have the opportunity to get bookkeeping power, Bookkeeping can also be rewarded. In this way, it is easy to create the oligarchic advantage of "the stronger the stronger"
Another problem is the chaos of ICO. ICO is a common way to raise funds for blockchain projects, which we can understand as pre-sale. The outbreak of ICO projects on Ethereum has caused illegal activities such as fund allocation and money fraud under the banner of ICO, which has caused security risks to social and financial stabilityin China, the other one I know is the network mutual aid blockchain, which represents the platform of concentric mutual aid. Blockchain technology is used to solve the shortcomings of the network mutual aid instry. At present, blockchain is also very popular in the network mutual aid instry.
with the increase of token types and the improvement of the whole blockchain ecosystem, when wallet is no longer simply a tool for storing tokens, sending tokens and participating in crowd funding, it will graally shift from dealing with exchanges and crowd funding projects to using tokens for its own purposes< As the entry value of payment, wallet is the same as the existing mobile payment, and payment can be completed by scanning the code to confirm. With the development of lightning network, lightning network and other off chain payment technologies, or fragmentation, sub chain and other technologies, once digital token payment becomes one of the mainstream payment methods in the future, Cobo and other wallets will have a lot of imagination as the entrance
2. The value of wallets as an asset management platform
now there are opportunities for user wallets to rise. First, there are tens of millions of users, all of them are valuable users. Second, with the development of the whole ecology, derivatives also began to develop, and there was a demand. For example, when users have some tokens, some are long-term value investors. For example, some users will hold bitcoin, Ethereum or EOS for a long time. However, if they only store, they will not make the best use of their assets, which is a waste. At present, there are more and more public chains, more and more protocols and applications, and more and more tokens. Centralized exchanges, decentralized exchanges, and quantitative trading are developing. There are many opportunities for financial management and asset management
3. Wallet is the entry value of transaction
e to the precipitation of many users' digital assets, when users need to trade, the more troublesome point is that they need to transfer to the exchange. If it is congested, it will take a long time, which is easy to delay. On the exchange, if the trading depth is not enough, or the price is not appropriate, it is often difficult to close. If it is a larger order of trading demands, instant delivery or purchase will affect the price fluctuation. If the wallet is combined with some decentralized or centralized exchanges, such as users entering their own ideal price, the matching transaction can be realized as soon as possible. For users, fast transactions can be realized in the wallet, which is also a good demand scenario
4. The value of wallet as DAPP market entry
for wallet, DAPP market entry is absolutely the most imaginative prospect. With the maturity of public chain, especially the graal improvement of EOS, Ethereum and other blockchain infrastructure, some DAPP applications of game, financial, social and pan entertainment are graally developed<
the Xueshuo innovation blockchain Technology Workstation of Lianqiao ecation online is the only approved "blockchain Technology Specialty" pilot workstation of "smart learning workshop 2020 Xueshuo innovation workstation" launched by the school planning, construction and development center of the Ministry of ecation of China. Based on providing diversified growth paths for students, the professional station promotes the reform of the training mode of the combination of professional degree research, proction, learning and research, and constructs the applied and compound talent training system.
When driving on high speed, we all know that it is very convenient to install an etc, because it can pass through the toll intersection quickly without parking. This also saves a lot of time for the majority of car owners, because sometimes if we stop and then go to pay, it may delay some valuable time{ RRRRR}
in fact, sometimes I think this kind of equipment is very convenient, but the conditions in various aspects may not be very mature now, so sometimes it will lead to a wrong dection. In life, our car owners may feel very troublesome. We should protect our own interests. Even if your money is dected, you should respond in time. Or upgrade the system
China will officially enter the first year of 5g business
swindlers are all geniuses. Before the 5g era, the various 5g scams have already been popular
next, let's show you some 5g scams
Open 5g port
what to do if you have no money
cheat. Anyway, there are many people who have more money
the first day: "Hello, I'm the technical director of XX technology company. Your network domain name is good. Someone wants to buy your network domain name."
it's a good idea for me to register a domain name when I first spent a lot of money
the next day: "Hello, I'm the president of XX technology company. Your network domain name is good. We are very interested in acquisition."
wise eye, a top-level network domain name is worth tens of millions, and the price is sincere. Let's talk about the acquisition contract
"however, although your network domain name is of great commercial value, it will only be acquired after opening 5g port."
Lao Yu spent more than 10000 yuan to get them to help open the so-called 5g port, so they should buy it
Lao Yu suddenly found that the original domain name was about to expire, so he took the initiative to consult the other party for fear of affecting the acquisition
"domain names are worthless when they expire, so they will not be acquired."
then Lao Yu spent more than 60000 to ask them to renew their domain name
after the last step, I'm old enough to wait and wait, but I can't wait for the negotiation and actual action of acquisition
if you are old enough to suspect that this is a fraud, you should call the police. After verification, the so-called 5g port certificate is false<
5gc fund disk
come on, let's shout three times: what's the slogan of liar
get rich! Get rich! Get rich
the 5gc (5g China) fund is the 5gc smart phone and 5g blockchain value-added payment
How do fraudsters package 5gc funds
the underlying protocol of Internet of things based on blockchain. The explanation is that: (5gc smart phone) has built-in blockchain light node, extends lightning network protocol, and realizes 5g payment of token
it doesn't matter how it is packaged. It mainly depends on how the capital market operates to earn money
first of all, 5gc smart phones, 5gc Aladdin plan - 5gc mobile phones with independent intellectual property rights. 3500 yuan for a 5gc mobile phone + 1800 5gc mobile phones; Purchase 10 units to send two, plus 18000 pieces of 5gc; 35 units will be sent for purchase of 100 units, plus 180000 pieces of 5gc; To be honest, even Huawei, which makes the United States tremble, dare not claim to launch 5gc independent intellectual property phones. I think the United States should not target Huawei, but should target 5gc funds that can launch 5gc independent intellectual property phones
secondly, digital currency. 5g high technology, combined with blockchain, of course, is to issue digital currency. If the issue is of constant volume, it will rise sharply in the future. It's hard to get a single currency. The user will quickly pay for the subscription. After the subscription, the trusteeship will be carried out. The longer the trusteeship time is, the higher the income will be. This is static income. As for the dynamic income, it's the old pattern of pyramid selling, which is to pull people's heads, do promotion, get commission
hehe, all funds are in the same routine, and the soup is not changed
thirdly, 5gc mobile phone can make money intelligently. The more mobile phones there are, the more money they can make. Dada card (5gc exclusive smart credit card), zenoo (members grab and send red envelopes), meimeizhuan (mobile phone automatic revenue)
can I get money? I don't want to answer such a low IQ question. As for those who want to know how to make money, check it out by themselves It's impossible to make money, only to be cheated)
as we all know, digital currency is worthless without circulation. In this regard, 5gc explained that the token is used in eight scenarios: telephone charge recharge, gas card recharge, car purchase, tourism, house purchase, train ticket, intelligent device and scan
these scenarios can be settled in RMB, and they are all settled in RMB. Why should we use token to settle. However, I believe that this problem can't defeat the inventor of 5gc. In addition, if not, no one will be cheated.
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on the desktop of daily simulator, click system tools
< / OL >
soul skill
thunder light wave: when the thunder Tomahawk lands, the light of thunder diffuses around, causing a strong attack
thunderbolt: single attack, Tomahawk falling, powerful thunderbolt power amazing. The power of noumenon is increased by 100%, and the goal is hard to resist
thunder Soul: strength increased by 200% and defense increased by 100%. The Tomahawk was attached to a very fine thunder
thunder fighting armor: after a certain attack, the noumenon will consume the same level of soul power, and will receive damage and double the thunder attribute feedback to the target
battle and lightning extinguishing disk: the Tomahawk rotates and throws out at high speed, forming a very strong lightning whirlpool and releasing lightning to attack the target. At the same time, the Tomahawk rotates at high speed, with extraordinary strength and extremely sharp
thunder Fury: Thunder Tomahawk is like an angry green dragon, flying out with all its strength. Must hit, hit the target after the formation of a large range of thunder attack. When the target of low cultivation is hit, the bones will be broken, but when the target of high cultivation is hit, the action ability will be limited
real body of thunder Axe: the thunder axe is magnified by 100 times, and all abilities are increased by 3 times. In a large range, it lands from time to time to attack the target
ten thousand thunderbolts fall: tens of thousands of thunderbolts and tomahawks fall from the sky. Every day, the thunderbolt has different effects and causes different kinds of damage. If a target enres ten times in succession, his soul will be stripped and he will be doomed
Thor whirlwind: the thunderaxe whirls at a high speed, ionizing the soul power in a large range. Once the soul power of the target is used, it is bound to be strongly attacked. When the noumenon attacks actively, it can shatter the soul of the target and damage the sea of spirit
soul bone:
skull of thunder spider, thunder spider web: Lightning network is formed in a large area, and target action ability is limited. The more you use soul skill, the weaker you are
the soul bone attached to the purple electric wings: it can fly at high speed without consuming soul power
purple lightning Eagle trunk bone, thunder purple feather: emit dense lightning beams, the target is difficult to dodge
thunderstorm left leg bone, thunder stab: gather lightning at the foot of the target, surprise, with strong penetration.
Soul Ring ratio: purple purple black black black red red
1. Bluetooth: share the spirit with friends, and improve the overall soul power and spiritual power by 30%
2. Navigation (Four Eyed OWL): detect the location of the target and show its surrounding environment through mobile phone. Enables friendly attacks to be locked. At the same time, restrain the target and rece its speed by 50%
3. Screen recording (three eyed Golden Dragon): it can completely the target soul skill, and can be used by itself and friends. The replication capacity increases with the improvement of cultivation
4. Lock screen (purgatory snake): seal the target's soul power for 30 seconds, ignoring the level gap
5. Flashlight (glare APE): the mobile phone releases light, and exerts mental interference on the target under the light. In addition, those with low accomplishments fall into vertigo or even coma. The effect of soul skill is reced by 20%
6. Screen capture (Gestapo ant): the side of the mobile phone forming a plane is static in time and space
7. Power saving mode (God given Soul Ring): all soul skills within the friendly range consume 50%, and the power and range are increased by 50%. Target damage reced by 50%. Electromagnetic inction: a magnetic field is formed in a large range. The higher the soul power of the target is, the stronger the restraint is. The stronger the power of soul skill used by the target, the stronger the effect of backfire
8. Flying mode (mirror image beast): all allies enter into nothingness and are immune to any attack for a period of time. Silent mode: all friends are invisible, and will not be seen and detected by the enemy for a period of time
9. Media (deep sea devil bat ray): mobile phones release extremely powerful sound waves, deafening, causing a strong spiritual shock to the place, breaking its soul and becoming an idiot. Mobile data: it can travel freely in time, to the past or the future. You can also shuttle anywhere you want. But it consumes a lot of soul power
soul bone:
perspective skull of spiritual cohesion: it was proced by the tyrant with evil eyes for thousands of years, and later turned into the soul bone for millions of years. Eye of context: able to see through the eyes the flow and level of the soul power of the target, as well as the physical state. You can also see through all illusions. Blood wipe memory: you can see the past of the target with a drop of your own blood. This skill consumes a lot of soul power. Psychic perspective: you can see through what the target is thinking
split right arm bone: from mirror shadow beast. Mirror Avatar: there are 7 avatars in Avatar. These avatars can help you attack, have wisdom, and do not need to control. Mirror image reversal: swap position with target
nightmare's left arm bone: from the 100, 000 year old deep sea devil bat ray. Song of the soul: Fantasy skills, so that the enemy immersed in the memories of great emotional fluctuations, once lost will become their own puppet, mobile phone control. Devil ray phagocytosis: this skill has a very strong phagocytic ability
Gestapo trunk bone, which is proced by Gestapo ants. Alienation: you can transfer the attack you receive to your soul and let your soul bear it. If the soul can't bear it, it will be broken for a short time and will recover in 20 minutes. You don't get hurt
the left leg bone of fate: from the three eyed Golden Dragon. Judgment of fate: you can attach bad luck to the enemy and wrestle when you walk. Misfortune can only be solved by the caster himself
hurricane evil kills the right leg bone, which is proced by Wannian purgatory snake. Fire cage: use the cage formed by fire to limit the enemy. The enemy in the cage will be continuously burned, and life is not like death