Y Ethereum
Publish: 2021-04-15 06:20:10
1. The topic of blockchain and bitcoin has gone crazy recently
in fact, Mr. Xiao Zaojun paid attention to this very early. Last year, I wrote a popular science article about blockchain and bitcoin. At that time, the price of bitcoin seemed to be $3000, and many people suggested that I start. After thinking about it, I still didn't buy it
later, bitcoin soared and plummeted, peaking at $20000, and then quickly fell to $8000. I'm both sorry and glad<
today, I've also rerouted that article (with some revisions). I hope it will help you to know more about blockchain and bitcoin technology
in my opinion, whether you invest in bitcoin or not, whether you believe in blockchain or not, first of all, you should fully understand them
today, let's talk about blockchain and bitcoin
well, here's the thing -
these days, if you haven't heard of bitcoin, it's really out
when you see the glittering gold coin, is it a moment of spirit
in other words, bitcoin is not an ordinary fire nowadays. Some friends always come to ask Mr. Xiao Zaojun about it. Even when you take the subway, you can hear people around you talking about it<
bitcoin has been used for several times, and the most influential one is this:
children's shoes must be familiar, and indivial children's shoes are expected to be shocked
Yes, this is the blackmail window that popped up after computer poisoning when wannacry blackmail virus broke out in May 2017
the words in the blue box are the way blackmailers ask for ransom - "only accept payment in bitcoin", and others are not recognized. At the same time, the blackmailer also kindly tells you how to buy bitcoin
as a result, bitcoin, along with the blackmail virus, swipes the screen all over the world, greatly enhancing its popularity.
in fact, Mr. Xiao Zaojun paid attention to this very early. Last year, I wrote a popular science article about blockchain and bitcoin. At that time, the price of bitcoin seemed to be $3000, and many people suggested that I start. After thinking about it, I still didn't buy it
later, bitcoin soared and plummeted, peaking at $20000, and then quickly fell to $8000. I'm both sorry and glad<
today, I've also rerouted that article (with some revisions). I hope it will help you to know more about blockchain and bitcoin technology
in my opinion, whether you invest in bitcoin or not, whether you believe in blockchain or not, first of all, you should fully understand them
today, let's talk about blockchain and bitcoin
well, here's the thing -
these days, if you haven't heard of bitcoin, it's really out
when you see the glittering gold coin, is it a moment of spirit
in other words, bitcoin is not an ordinary fire nowadays. Some friends always come to ask Mr. Xiao Zaojun about it. Even when you take the subway, you can hear people around you talking about it<
bitcoin has been used for several times, and the most influential one is this:
children's shoes must be familiar, and indivial children's shoes are expected to be shocked
Yes, this is the blackmail window that popped up after computer poisoning when wannacry blackmail virus broke out in May 2017
the words in the blue box are the way blackmailers ask for ransom - "only accept payment in bitcoin", and others are not recognized. At the same time, the blackmailer also kindly tells you how to buy bitcoin
as a result, bitcoin, along with the blackmail virus, swipes the screen all over the world, greatly enhancing its popularity.
2. Alt ecation in Sichuan Normal University of technology has a major in this field. It's OK. You can call 028-84682141 for consultation. Last time our friend took his son to consult, we saw that there was a major.
3. It's really deceiving. What I said at the beginning is good. Who has ever seen me fulfill my promise
4. The sound of th is not in Chinese,
it is proced by the airflow of the tip of the tongue between the two teeth. The phonetic sign of this word is | I: θ i|
it is proced by the airflow of the tip of the tongue between the two teeth. The phonetic sign of this word is | I: θ i|
5. Yes, it's a mobile mining platform based on Ethereum network. It's a strategic proct launched by referring to the experience of predecessors, as well as token incentive.
6. Huang Lianjin: first of all, the acronym of a-b-e-y means "advanced blockchain for enhanced yields". It came out in 2018. The main purpose of abey is to improve the operation efficiency of blockchain in essence, so that this revolutionary technology can be truly popularized on a large scale
as we all know, the biggest bottleneck restricting the popularity of blockchain has been its slow transaction speed. Bitcoin can only process seven transactions per second, while Ethereum can only process up to 20 transactions per second. Therefore, after bitcoin has existed for more than 10 years, most people have only heard of blockchain, but they seldom use this technology
abey is developed to solve the problem of low efficiency of blockchain and difficult to popularize in a large area. It is an independent public chain. Abey adopts a unique chain governance and chain architecture. Abey, for example, is looking at how to use only 50 active blocks in the chain. When a new block is created, the oldest block is removed from the end of the chain. But its data will still be preserved and archived. If this architecture is successful, the whole chain will be shorter, lighter and more responsive. Abey takes an average of 2 minutes to create a new block. Many studies have proved that this is close to the optimal time for block generation - abey is much more efficient than traditional blockchain Technology (such as bitcoin)< Second, it's very interesting. As you mentioned just now, the operation efficiency of blockchain and Ethereum is relatively low. So what level can abey reach<
Huang Lianjin: theoretically speaking, abey's transaction processing efficiency can continue to expand with the needs of users. The change in efficiency will also depend on the type of actual use case. For example, the first use case built on the core of abey blockchain is the apay systems payment services (a payment) platform. According to the project side, its current efficiency has exceeded the speed and throughput of visa / MasterCard credit card system
in terms of function, the apay platform supports the instantaneous conversion of bitcoin, Ethereum, bitcoin, cash and Leyte into a stable currency called Act (or acash) (linked to the value of the US dollar). Once the user obtains the act, it can be used to trade with other apay users
in addition, users will soon be able to enter the act into the apay encrypted debit card, and then they can consume at any merchant (online and offline) receiving visa / MasterCard, and withdraw legal tender from any ATM in the world. Apay's goal is to become a bridge between cryptocurrency and the real world, bringing cryptocurrency into the mainstream business world< In this way, apay will promote the large-scale application of blockchain technology in e-commerce. Besides, what other achievements does abey team take pride in
Huang Lianjin: abey constructs a loose coupling intelligent contract execution architecture. This means that people can use any programming language or compiler to develop smart contracts on the abey platform. In contrast, developers will not need to be limited to the development restrictions in Ethereum ecology, which will reshape the way smart contracts are built and run in the blockchain
the first smart contract in abey ecosystem is written in C language (C language ranks top three among the most common programming languages in the world). At present, there are more than 5.4 million known C and C + + language developers around the world – compared with less than 10000 solid language developers in the Ethereum ecosystem. In 5-6 years, the expansion rate of Ethereum ecosystem's developers is still expected to be relatively slow.
as we all know, the biggest bottleneck restricting the popularity of blockchain has been its slow transaction speed. Bitcoin can only process seven transactions per second, while Ethereum can only process up to 20 transactions per second. Therefore, after bitcoin has existed for more than 10 years, most people have only heard of blockchain, but they seldom use this technology
abey is developed to solve the problem of low efficiency of blockchain and difficult to popularize in a large area. It is an independent public chain. Abey adopts a unique chain governance and chain architecture. Abey, for example, is looking at how to use only 50 active blocks in the chain. When a new block is created, the oldest block is removed from the end of the chain. But its data will still be preserved and archived. If this architecture is successful, the whole chain will be shorter, lighter and more responsive. Abey takes an average of 2 minutes to create a new block. Many studies have proved that this is close to the optimal time for block generation - abey is much more efficient than traditional blockchain Technology (such as bitcoin)< Second, it's very interesting. As you mentioned just now, the operation efficiency of blockchain and Ethereum is relatively low. So what level can abey reach<
Huang Lianjin: theoretically speaking, abey's transaction processing efficiency can continue to expand with the needs of users. The change in efficiency will also depend on the type of actual use case. For example, the first use case built on the core of abey blockchain is the apay systems payment services (a payment) platform. According to the project side, its current efficiency has exceeded the speed and throughput of visa / MasterCard credit card system
in terms of function, the apay platform supports the instantaneous conversion of bitcoin, Ethereum, bitcoin, cash and Leyte into a stable currency called Act (or acash) (linked to the value of the US dollar). Once the user obtains the act, it can be used to trade with other apay users
in addition, users will soon be able to enter the act into the apay encrypted debit card, and then they can consume at any merchant (online and offline) receiving visa / MasterCard, and withdraw legal tender from any ATM in the world. Apay's goal is to become a bridge between cryptocurrency and the real world, bringing cryptocurrency into the mainstream business world< In this way, apay will promote the large-scale application of blockchain technology in e-commerce. Besides, what other achievements does abey team take pride in
Huang Lianjin: abey constructs a loose coupling intelligent contract execution architecture. This means that people can use any programming language or compiler to develop smart contracts on the abey platform. In contrast, developers will not need to be limited to the development restrictions in Ethereum ecology, which will reshape the way smart contracts are built and run in the blockchain
the first smart contract in abey ecosystem is written in C language (C language ranks top three among the most common programming languages in the world). At present, there are more than 5.4 million known C and C + + language developers around the world – compared with less than 10000 solid language developers in the Ethereum ecosystem. In 5-6 years, the expansion rate of Ethereum ecosystem's developers is still expected to be relatively slow.
7. Whether it is bitcoin or Ethereum, speculation is speculation. We should not expect speculation to become investment. If we have to regard speculation as investment, we can only rely on luck. There is no skill in it. It's just a blind cat killing a mouse.
8. Save that the Holy Ghost in every city with to me, saying: that bands and conflicts wait for me at Jerusalem.
I only know that the Holy Ghost in every city points out to me that chains and tribulations are waiting for me<
witness, witness, witness θ]
suf.
[after a cardinal word ending with a vowel y, it forms an ordinal number]:
- eth2 [i] θ]
suf.
[archaism, poetry] [attached to the verb, form a declarative mood, the third person singular present tense]:
I only know that the Holy Ghost in every city points out to me that chains and tribulations are waiting for me<
witness, witness, witness θ]
suf.
[after a cardinal word ending with a vowel y, it forms an ordinal number]:
- eth2 [i] θ]
suf.
[archaism, poetry] [attached to the verb, form a declarative mood, the third person singular present tense]:
9. Yes, it's mobile. It's based on Ethereum
10. Here are the command names by function
monitor the overall bandwidth usage - nload, bmon, slurm, BWM ng, CBM, speedometer and netload
monitor the overall bandwidth usage (batch output) - vnstat, ifstat, dstat and collect
the bandwidth usage of each socket connection - iftop, iptraf, tcptrack, pktstat Netwatch and trafhow
bandwidth usage of each process -- nethogs
1. Nload
nload is a command-line tool that allows users to monitor inbound and outbound traffic separately. It can also draw charts to show inbound and outbound traffic, and the view scale can be adjusted. It's easy to use and doesn't support many options
therefore, if you only need to quickly view the total bandwidth usage, and do not need the details of each process, nload is very convenient to use
$nload
install nload: Fedora and Ubuntu have nload in the default software library. CentOS users need to obtain nloads from the EPEL software library
# Fedora or CentOS $Yum install nload - y # Ubuntu / Debian $sudo apt get install nload
2. Iftop
iftop can measure the data transmitted through each socket connection; It works differently from nload. Iftop uses pcap library to capture the packets in and out of the network adapter, and then summarizes the packet size and number to find out the total bandwidth usage
although iftop reports the bandwidth used by each connection, it cannot report the process name / number (ID) participating in a nested word connection. However, based on the pcap library, iftop can filter traffic and report the bandwidth usage of the selected host connection specified by the filter
$sudo iftop - N
n option can prevent iftop from resolving IP address to host name, which will bring extra network traffic
install iftop: Ubuntu / Debian / Fedora users can get it from the default software library. CentOS users can get it from EPEL
# Fedora or CentOS Yum install iftop - y # Ubuntu or Debian $sudo apt get install iftop
3. Iptraf
iptraf is an interactive and colorful IP LAN monitoring tool. It can display the amount of data transferred between each connection and between hosts. Here is a screen shot
$sudo iptraf
install iptraf:
# CentOS (basic software library) $Yum install iptraf # Fedora or CentOS (with EPEL) $Yum install iptraf ng - y # Ubuntu or Debian $sudo apt get install iptraf iptraf ng
4. Nethogs
nethogs is a compact & quot; net top" Tool, which can display the bandwidth used by each process, sort the list, and rank the process that consumes the most bandwidth at the top. In case of a sudden surge in bandwidth usage, users can quickly open nethogs to find the process that causes the surge in bandwidth usage. Nethogs can report the process number (PID), user and path of the program
$sudo nethogs
install nethogs: users of Ubuntu, Debian and fedora can get it from the default software library. CentOS users need EPEL
# Ubuntu or Debian (default software library) $sudo apt get install nethogs # Fedora or CentOS (from EPEL) $sudo Yum install nethogs - y
5. Bmon
bmon (bandwidth monitor) is a tool similar to nload, which can display the traffic load of all network interfaces on the system. The output also contains charts and sections with detailed information at the packet level
install bmon: users of Ubuntu, Debian and fedora can install it from the default software library. CentOS users need to install repoforge because there is no bmon in EPEL
# Ubuntu or Debian $sudo apt get install bmon # Fedora or CentOS (from repoforge) $sudo Yum install bmon
bmon supports many options and can proce HTML reports. For more information, see the reference man page
6. Slurm
slurm is another network load monitor, which can display the statistical information of the device and also display ASCII graphics. It supports three different types of graphics, each of which can be activated by using the C key, s key and l key. Slurm is simple and cannot display any further details about the network load
$slurm - S - I eth0
install slurm
# Debian or Ubuntu $sudo apt get install slurm # Fedora or CentOS $sudo Yum install slurm - y
7. Tcptrack
tcptrack is similar to iftop. Pcap library is used to capture packets and calculate various statistical information, such as bandwidth used by each connection. It also supports standard pcap filters that can be used to monitor specific connections
install tcptrack: Ubuntu, Debian and fedora are included in the default software library. CentOS users need to get it from repoforge because it is not in EPEL
# Ubuntu, Debian $sudo apt get install tcptrack # Fedora, CentOS (from repoforge software library) $sudo Yum install tcptrack
8. Vnstat
vnstat is a little different from most other tools. It actually runs background services / daemons and keeps track of the size of the data transferred. In addition, it can be used to proce reports showing the history of network usage
$service vnstat status * vnstat daemon is running
running vnstat without any options will only display the total amount of data transferred since the daemon has been running< br />$ vnstat Database updated: Mon Mar 17 15:26:59 2014 eth0 since 06/12/13 rx: 135.14 GiB tx: 35.76 GiB total: 170.90 GiB monthly rx | tx | total | avg. rate ------------------------+-------------+-------------+------------- Feb ' 14 8.19 GiB | 2.08 GiB | 10.27 GiB | 35.60 kbit/s Mar ' 14 4.98 GiB | 1.52 GiB | 6.50 GiB | 37.93 kbit/s ------------------------+-------------+-------------+------------- estimated 9.28 GiB | 2.83 GiB | 12.11 GiB | daily rx | tx | total | avg. rate ------------------------+-------------+-------------+------------- yesterday 236.11 MiB | 98.61 MiB |334.72 MIB | 31.74 kbit / s today 128.55 MIB | 41.00 MIB | 169.56 MIB | 24.97 kbit / S- l" Option (real time mode). It then shows the total amount of bandwidth used by inbound and outbound data, but very precisely, without any internal details about host connections or processes
$vnstat - L - I eth0 monitoring eth0... (press ctrl-c to stop) Rx: 12 kbit / s 10 P / s TX: 12 kbit / S 11 P / s
vnstat is more like a tool for making historical reports, showing how much bandwidth is used every day or in the past month. It is not strictly a tool for real-time monitoring network
vnstat supports many options. Please refer to the manual page for details of which options are supported
install vnstat
# Ubuntu or Debian $sudo apt get install vnstat # Fedora or CentOS (from EPEL) $sudo Yum install vnstat
9. BWM ng
BWM ng (next generation bandwidth monitor) is another very simple real-time network load monitoring tool, which can report summary information, Displays the transmission speed of different data in and out of all available network interfaces on the system< br />$ bwm-ng bwm-ng v0.6 (probing every 0.500s), press ' h' for help input: /proc/net/dev type: rate / iface Rx Tx T ot================================================================= == eth0: 0.53 KB/s 1.31 KB/s 1.84 KB lo: 0.00 KB/s 0.00 KB/s 0.00 KB----------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total: 0.53 KB / s 1.31 KB / s 1.84 KB / s
if the console is large enough, BWM ng can also use curses2 output mode to draw bar graph for traffic
$BWM ng - O curses2
install BWM ng: on CentOS, you can install BWM ng from EPEL
# Ubuntu or Debian $sudo apt get install BWM ng # Fedora or CentOS (from EPEL) $sudo apt get install BWM ng
10. CBM: color bandwidth meter
this is a small and simple bandwidth monitoring tool, which can display the traffic through various network interfaces. No further options, just real-time display and update traffic statistics
$sudo apt get install CBM
11. Speedometer
this is another small and simple tool, which only draws beautiful graphics to show the inbound and outbound traffic transmitted through a certain interface
$speedometer - R eth0 - t eth0
installing speedometer
$sudo apt get install speedometer for Ubuntu or Debian users
12. Pktstat
pktstat can display all active connections in real time and show which data is transmitted through these active connections at the speed. It can also display the connection type, such as TCP connection or UDP connection; If an HTTP connection is involved, details about the HTTP request are also displayed
$sudo pktstat - I eth0 - NT $sudo apt get install pktstat
13. Netwatch
netwatch is a part of netdiag tool library. It can also display the connections between the local host and other remote hosts, and display which data is transmitted at the speed of each connection
$sudo netwatch - e eth0 - NT $sudo apt get install netdiag
14. Trafshow
like netwatch and pktstat, trafshow can also report the current active connections, the protocols they use, and the data transfer speed on each connection. It can use pcap type filter to filter the connection
only monitor TCP connections
$sudo trafshow - I eth0 TCP $sudo apt get install netdiag
15. Netload
the netload command displays only a short report on the current traffic load and the total number of bytes transmitted since the program was started. There are no more features. It's part of netdiag
$netload eth0 $sudo apt get install netdiag
16. Ifstat
ifstat can display network bandwidth in batch mode. Output in a format that allows users to log and analyze using other programs or utilities
$ifstat - t - I eth0 0.5 time eth0 HH: mm: SS KB / s in KB / s out 09:21 2.62 2.80 09:59:22 2.10 1.78 09:59:22 2.67 1.84 09:59:23 2.06 1.98 09:59:23 1.73 1.79
install ifstat: Ubuntu, Debian and fedora users have it in the default software library. CentOS users need to get it from repoforge because it is not in EPEL
# Ubuntu, Debian $sudo apt get install ifstat # Fedora, CentOS (repoforge) $sudo Yum install ifstat
17. Dstat
dstat is a widely used tool (written in Python language), which can monitor different statistical information of the system, use batch processing mode to report, or use the correlation number
monitor the overall bandwidth usage - nload, bmon, slurm, BWM ng, CBM, speedometer and netload
monitor the overall bandwidth usage (batch output) - vnstat, ifstat, dstat and collect
the bandwidth usage of each socket connection - iftop, iptraf, tcptrack, pktstat Netwatch and trafhow
bandwidth usage of each process -- nethogs
1. Nload
nload is a command-line tool that allows users to monitor inbound and outbound traffic separately. It can also draw charts to show inbound and outbound traffic, and the view scale can be adjusted. It's easy to use and doesn't support many options
therefore, if you only need to quickly view the total bandwidth usage, and do not need the details of each process, nload is very convenient to use
$nload
install nload: Fedora and Ubuntu have nload in the default software library. CentOS users need to obtain nloads from the EPEL software library
# Fedora or CentOS $Yum install nload - y # Ubuntu / Debian $sudo apt get install nload
2. Iftop
iftop can measure the data transmitted through each socket connection; It works differently from nload. Iftop uses pcap library to capture the packets in and out of the network adapter, and then summarizes the packet size and number to find out the total bandwidth usage
although iftop reports the bandwidth used by each connection, it cannot report the process name / number (ID) participating in a nested word connection. However, based on the pcap library, iftop can filter traffic and report the bandwidth usage of the selected host connection specified by the filter
$sudo iftop - N
n option can prevent iftop from resolving IP address to host name, which will bring extra network traffic
install iftop: Ubuntu / Debian / Fedora users can get it from the default software library. CentOS users can get it from EPEL
# Fedora or CentOS Yum install iftop - y # Ubuntu or Debian $sudo apt get install iftop
3. Iptraf
iptraf is an interactive and colorful IP LAN monitoring tool. It can display the amount of data transferred between each connection and between hosts. Here is a screen shot
$sudo iptraf
install iptraf:
# CentOS (basic software library) $Yum install iptraf # Fedora or CentOS (with EPEL) $Yum install iptraf ng - y # Ubuntu or Debian $sudo apt get install iptraf iptraf ng
4. Nethogs
nethogs is a compact & quot; net top" Tool, which can display the bandwidth used by each process, sort the list, and rank the process that consumes the most bandwidth at the top. In case of a sudden surge in bandwidth usage, users can quickly open nethogs to find the process that causes the surge in bandwidth usage. Nethogs can report the process number (PID), user and path of the program
$sudo nethogs
install nethogs: users of Ubuntu, Debian and fedora can get it from the default software library. CentOS users need EPEL
# Ubuntu or Debian (default software library) $sudo apt get install nethogs # Fedora or CentOS (from EPEL) $sudo Yum install nethogs - y
5. Bmon
bmon (bandwidth monitor) is a tool similar to nload, which can display the traffic load of all network interfaces on the system. The output also contains charts and sections with detailed information at the packet level
install bmon: users of Ubuntu, Debian and fedora can install it from the default software library. CentOS users need to install repoforge because there is no bmon in EPEL
# Ubuntu or Debian $sudo apt get install bmon # Fedora or CentOS (from repoforge) $sudo Yum install bmon
bmon supports many options and can proce HTML reports. For more information, see the reference man page
6. Slurm
slurm is another network load monitor, which can display the statistical information of the device and also display ASCII graphics. It supports three different types of graphics, each of which can be activated by using the C key, s key and l key. Slurm is simple and cannot display any further details about the network load
$slurm - S - I eth0
install slurm
# Debian or Ubuntu $sudo apt get install slurm # Fedora or CentOS $sudo Yum install slurm - y
7. Tcptrack
tcptrack is similar to iftop. Pcap library is used to capture packets and calculate various statistical information, such as bandwidth used by each connection. It also supports standard pcap filters that can be used to monitor specific connections
install tcptrack: Ubuntu, Debian and fedora are included in the default software library. CentOS users need to get it from repoforge because it is not in EPEL
# Ubuntu, Debian $sudo apt get install tcptrack # Fedora, CentOS (from repoforge software library) $sudo Yum install tcptrack
8. Vnstat
vnstat is a little different from most other tools. It actually runs background services / daemons and keeps track of the size of the data transferred. In addition, it can be used to proce reports showing the history of network usage
$service vnstat status * vnstat daemon is running
running vnstat without any options will only display the total amount of data transferred since the daemon has been running< br />$ vnstat Database updated: Mon Mar 17 15:26:59 2014 eth0 since 06/12/13 rx: 135.14 GiB tx: 35.76 GiB total: 170.90 GiB monthly rx | tx | total | avg. rate ------------------------+-------------+-------------+------------- Feb ' 14 8.19 GiB | 2.08 GiB | 10.27 GiB | 35.60 kbit/s Mar ' 14 4.98 GiB | 1.52 GiB | 6.50 GiB | 37.93 kbit/s ------------------------+-------------+-------------+------------- estimated 9.28 GiB | 2.83 GiB | 12.11 GiB | daily rx | tx | total | avg. rate ------------------------+-------------+-------------+------------- yesterday 236.11 MiB | 98.61 MiB |334.72 MIB | 31.74 kbit / s today 128.55 MIB | 41.00 MIB | 169.56 MIB | 24.97 kbit / S- l" Option (real time mode). It then shows the total amount of bandwidth used by inbound and outbound data, but very precisely, without any internal details about host connections or processes
$vnstat - L - I eth0 monitoring eth0... (press ctrl-c to stop) Rx: 12 kbit / s 10 P / s TX: 12 kbit / S 11 P / s
vnstat is more like a tool for making historical reports, showing how much bandwidth is used every day or in the past month. It is not strictly a tool for real-time monitoring network
vnstat supports many options. Please refer to the manual page for details of which options are supported
install vnstat
# Ubuntu or Debian $sudo apt get install vnstat # Fedora or CentOS (from EPEL) $sudo Yum install vnstat
9. BWM ng
BWM ng (next generation bandwidth monitor) is another very simple real-time network load monitoring tool, which can report summary information, Displays the transmission speed of different data in and out of all available network interfaces on the system< br />$ bwm-ng bwm-ng v0.6 (probing every 0.500s), press ' h' for help input: /proc/net/dev type: rate / iface Rx Tx T ot================================================================= == eth0: 0.53 KB/s 1.31 KB/s 1.84 KB lo: 0.00 KB/s 0.00 KB/s 0.00 KB----------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Total: 0.53 KB / s 1.31 KB / s 1.84 KB / s
if the console is large enough, BWM ng can also use curses2 output mode to draw bar graph for traffic
$BWM ng - O curses2
install BWM ng: on CentOS, you can install BWM ng from EPEL
# Ubuntu or Debian $sudo apt get install BWM ng # Fedora or CentOS (from EPEL) $sudo apt get install BWM ng
10. CBM: color bandwidth meter
this is a small and simple bandwidth monitoring tool, which can display the traffic through various network interfaces. No further options, just real-time display and update traffic statistics
$sudo apt get install CBM
11. Speedometer
this is another small and simple tool, which only draws beautiful graphics to show the inbound and outbound traffic transmitted through a certain interface
$speedometer - R eth0 - t eth0
installing speedometer
$sudo apt get install speedometer for Ubuntu or Debian users
12. Pktstat
pktstat can display all active connections in real time and show which data is transmitted through these active connections at the speed. It can also display the connection type, such as TCP connection or UDP connection; If an HTTP connection is involved, details about the HTTP request are also displayed
$sudo pktstat - I eth0 - NT $sudo apt get install pktstat
13. Netwatch
netwatch is a part of netdiag tool library. It can also display the connections between the local host and other remote hosts, and display which data is transmitted at the speed of each connection
$sudo netwatch - e eth0 - NT $sudo apt get install netdiag
14. Trafshow
like netwatch and pktstat, trafshow can also report the current active connections, the protocols they use, and the data transfer speed on each connection. It can use pcap type filter to filter the connection
only monitor TCP connections
$sudo trafshow - I eth0 TCP $sudo apt get install netdiag
15. Netload
the netload command displays only a short report on the current traffic load and the total number of bytes transmitted since the program was started. There are no more features. It's part of netdiag
$netload eth0 $sudo apt get install netdiag
16. Ifstat
ifstat can display network bandwidth in batch mode. Output in a format that allows users to log and analyze using other programs or utilities
$ifstat - t - I eth0 0.5 time eth0 HH: mm: SS KB / s in KB / s out 09:21 2.62 2.80 09:59:22 2.10 1.78 09:59:22 2.67 1.84 09:59:23 2.06 1.98 09:59:23 1.73 1.79
install ifstat: Ubuntu, Debian and fedora users have it in the default software library. CentOS users need to get it from repoforge because it is not in EPEL
# Ubuntu, Debian $sudo apt get install ifstat # Fedora, CentOS (repoforge) $sudo Yum install ifstat
17. Dstat
dstat is a widely used tool (written in Python language), which can monitor different statistical information of the system, use batch processing mode to report, or use the correlation number
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