Ethereum statechannel
Publish: 2021-04-18 12:17:46
1. At the top of Ethereum is DAPP. It exchanges with the smart contract layer through Web3. JS. All smart contracts run on EVM (Ethereum virtual machine) and use RPC calls. Below EVM and RPC are the four core contents of Ethereum, including: blockchain, consensus algorithm, mining and network layer. Except DAPP, all other parts are in the Ethereum client. The most popular Ethereum client is geth (go Ethereum)
2. If someone has configured it before, you need to confirm whether the trunk information of the next two ports is cleared or not!!! If you don't clear it, you can't add a command. It looks like int gig0 / 1 clear conf this
3. I'm glad to tell you
rendant connection and its implementation × Continuous work. In addition to the equipment or mole damage, transmission line interruption and other hardware failure reasons, the core switch may be paralyzed e to the overload of network flow and task load. Therefore, if we want to ensure the stability of the network and ensure that important services are not interrupted, we must take necessary measures. Usually, this measure is rendant connection, that is to create multiple connections between the core switch and the backbone switch, and between the switch and the server
1. EtherChannel
also known as aggregate port (AP) and port trunking (multi trunk rendant connection) technology, connects multiple ports on the switch physically and binds them together logically to form a port with larger bandwidth to form a trunk, which can increase the number of switches, As well as the connection bandwidth between the switch and the server, it can balance the load and provide rendant connection. When all ports are working properly, the bound bandwidth is the sum of the bandwidth of all ports. When one port is down, other ports can still maintain normal connection. Cisco's EtherChannel has two levels, namely fast EtherChannel and Giga EtherChannel. The maximum bandwidth is 400Mbps and 4gbps respectively
2. The working mode of rendant connection of spanning tree is stand by. Creating two links between switches will lead to topology ring when there are two links between switches. Therefore, with the help of spanning tree technology, except one link works, other links are actually in stand by state, This obviously affects the efficiency of transmission
aggregation port, which can treat multiple physical connections as a single logical connection. It allows two switches to simultaneously transmit data through multiple ports in parallel to provide higher bandwidth, greater throughput and recoverability, In general, the maximum bandwidth of two common switches depends on the connection speed of the medium (200m for 100base-tx twisted pair), Using trunk technology, four 200m ports can be bundled to form a connection up to 800m. The advantage of this technology is to increase the bandwidth by bundling multiple ports at a lower cost, and the increased overhead is only the ordinary class 5 lines and multiple ports used for connection. It can effectively improve the uplink speed of the sub network, so as to eliminate the bottleneck in network access. In addition, trunk also has automatic bandwidth balancing, that is, fault tolerance function: even if there is only one connection in trunk, it will still work, which virtually increases the reliability of the system
EtherChannel features provide rendant and high-speed connections between switch to switch, switch to router, and host (server) to switch or router. In short, it bundles multiple Fe or Ge physical links between two devices to form an inter device logical link, so as to increase bandwidth and provide rendancy
notes for port aggregation:
the port rate of 1AP member ports must be consistent
2AP member ports must belong to the same VLAN
3aP member ports should use the same transmission media
4 the AP created in case of lack is layer 2 AP
5 layer 2 ports can only be added to layer 2 AP, Layer 3 port can only join layer 3 AP
6ap, but can't set port security function
7 when layer 2 port is configured as EtherChannel, as long as channel group n command is used to specify the channel group that the port wants to join in member port configuration mode, switch will automatically create port channel interface, and when layer 3 port is configured as EtherChannel, switch will automatically create port channel interface, You also need to create the port channel interface manually with the interface port channel n command in the global configuration mode< When a port is added to an AP, the attributes of the port will be replaced by those of the AP
9 when a port is deleted from the AP, the attributes of the port will be restored to those of the port before it is added to the AP
10 when a port is added to an AP, no configuration can be made on the port until the port exits the AP
1 to create an EtherChannel
the specific steps for creating an EtherChannel are as follows
Step 1: enter the global configuration mode
switch? Configure terminal
Step 2: select the physical port PagP EtherChannel (port aggregation protocol) Cisco private to be configured as EtherChannel, and each group supports up to 8
link aggregation LACP EtherChannel (link aggregation control Protocol) ieee8023ad definitions, Each group supports a maximum of 16 links aggregation (but only
8 work, the rest are backed up)
switch (config) #interface ID
Step 3: specify all ports as static access ports in the same VLAN or configure them as trunk. If configured as static ports, only one VLAN can be specified, and the VLAN value range is 1-4094
rendant connection and its implementation × Continuous work. In addition to the equipment or mole damage, transmission line interruption and other hardware failure reasons, the core switch may be paralyzed e to the overload of network flow and task load. Therefore, if we want to ensure the stability of the network and ensure that important services are not interrupted, we must take necessary measures. Usually, this measure is rendant connection, that is to create multiple connections between the core switch and the backbone switch, and between the switch and the server
1. EtherChannel
also known as aggregate port (AP) and port trunking (multi trunk rendant connection) technology, connects multiple ports on the switch physically and binds them together logically to form a port with larger bandwidth to form a trunk, which can increase the number of switches, As well as the connection bandwidth between the switch and the server, it can balance the load and provide rendant connection. When all ports are working properly, the bound bandwidth is the sum of the bandwidth of all ports. When one port is down, other ports can still maintain normal connection. Cisco's EtherChannel has two levels, namely fast EtherChannel and Giga EtherChannel. The maximum bandwidth is 400Mbps and 4gbps respectively
2. The working mode of rendant connection of spanning tree is stand by. Creating two links between switches will lead to topology ring when there are two links between switches. Therefore, with the help of spanning tree technology, except one link works, other links are actually in stand by state, This obviously affects the efficiency of transmission
aggregation port, which can treat multiple physical connections as a single logical connection. It allows two switches to simultaneously transmit data through multiple ports in parallel to provide higher bandwidth, greater throughput and recoverability, In general, the maximum bandwidth of two common switches depends on the connection speed of the medium (200m for 100base-tx twisted pair), Using trunk technology, four 200m ports can be bundled to form a connection up to 800m. The advantage of this technology is to increase the bandwidth by bundling multiple ports at a lower cost, and the increased overhead is only the ordinary class 5 lines and multiple ports used for connection. It can effectively improve the uplink speed of the sub network, so as to eliminate the bottleneck in network access. In addition, trunk also has automatic bandwidth balancing, that is, fault tolerance function: even if there is only one connection in trunk, it will still work, which virtually increases the reliability of the system
EtherChannel features provide rendant and high-speed connections between switch to switch, switch to router, and host (server) to switch or router. In short, it bundles multiple Fe or Ge physical links between two devices to form an inter device logical link, so as to increase bandwidth and provide rendancy
notes for port aggregation:
the port rate of 1AP member ports must be consistent
2AP member ports must belong to the same VLAN
3aP member ports should use the same transmission media
4 the AP created in case of lack is layer 2 AP
5 layer 2 ports can only be added to layer 2 AP, Layer 3 port can only join layer 3 AP
6ap, but can't set port security function
7 when layer 2 port is configured as EtherChannel, as long as channel group n command is used to specify the channel group that the port wants to join in member port configuration mode, switch will automatically create port channel interface, and when layer 3 port is configured as EtherChannel, switch will automatically create port channel interface, You also need to create the port channel interface manually with the interface port channel n command in the global configuration mode< When a port is added to an AP, the attributes of the port will be replaced by those of the AP
9 when a port is deleted from the AP, the attributes of the port will be restored to those of the port before it is added to the AP
10 when a port is added to an AP, no configuration can be made on the port until the port exits the AP
1 to create an EtherChannel
the specific steps for creating an EtherChannel are as follows
Step 1: enter the global configuration mode
switch? Configure terminal
Step 2: select the physical port PagP EtherChannel (port aggregation protocol) Cisco private to be configured as EtherChannel, and each group supports up to 8
link aggregation LACP EtherChannel (link aggregation control Protocol) ieee8023ad definitions, Each group supports a maximum of 16 links aggregation (but only
8 work, the rest are backed up)
switch (config) #interface ID
Step 3: specify all ports as static access ports in the same VLAN or configure them as trunk. If configured as static ports, only one VLAN can be specified, and the VLAN value range is 1-4094
4.
Check the established bond information. The general information is as follows:
cat / proc / net / bonding / eth1
Ethernet channel bonding driver: v3.4.0 (October 7, 2008)
Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)
Primary Slave: eth2
Currently Active Slave: eth2
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 100
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0
Slave Interface: eth2
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29: DB: 30:5a
slave interface: eth3
MII status: up
link failure count: 0
permanent HW addr: 00:0c: 29: DB: 30:64
< P > if the bond is not established, Usingnmcli dev disconnect eth1
nmcli dev connect eth1
Service restart network
extended materials:
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5. MPLS-TP (multi protocol label switching transport architecture) is a transport architecture developed on the basis of MPLS. On OAM, it is more in line with carrier level standards than Ethernet OAM, mainly including CV (connectivity verification), AIS (alarm indication signal), RDI (remote defect indication), lb (loopback test), Lck (lock, In this paper, we present a new method for the measurement of packet delay and jitter in wireless sensor networks, including management blocking, TST (test signal), LM (loss measure), DM (delay measure), APS (automatic protection switching), MCC (management communication channel), SCC (signal communication channel), SSM (synchronization status message), Compared with OAM over Ethernet, OAM over Ethernet has more advantages, such as synchronization status message and CSF (client signal fail)
6. Preview the network, MW305R+print OP, and ONROS. The design of two SSID, one without VLAN, one VLAN ID 200
The network allocation of OP is:
config interface & #39; lan ' < br/ > & #39; bridge ' < br/ > / / option _orig_ifname & #39; 0.radio0.network1'< br/ > /option _orig_bridge & #39; & #39; < br/ > & #39; 0 ' < br/ > / / option ifname & #39; eth0 ' < br/>
config interface & #39; wan ' < br/ > / / option ifname & #39; eth1 ' < br/ > & #39; dhcp ' < br/ > & #39; 0 ' < br/>
config switch
> option name & #39; Switch0 ' < br/ > & & #39; 1 ' < br/ > / option enable_vlan & #39; 1 ' < br />
config switch_vlan
> option device ' Switch0 ' < br/ > / option vlan & #39; 1 ' < br/ > & #39; 0 2 3 4 & #39; < br />
config switch_vlan
> option device ' Switch0 ' < br/ > / option vlan & #39; 2 ' < br/ > / optionvid & #39; 200 ' < br/ > & #39; 0t 1t ' < br/>
config interface & #39; VLan_200 ' < br/ > & #39; bridge ' < br/ > & #39; < br/ > / / option ifname & #39; 0.200 ' < br/ > & #39; 0 ' < br />
Radio segment installation:
config wifi-device ' radio0 ' < br/ > & #39; Mac80211 ' < br/ > > option hwmode & #39; 11g ' < br/ > & #39; platform/qca953x_wmac '< br/ > / /option htmode & #39; HT20 ' < br/ > / /option channel & #39; Auto ' < br/ > & option txpower & #39; 12 ' < br/ > & #39; US ' < br />
config wifi-iface
> option device ' radio0 ' < br/ > & #39; ap ' < br/ > / option encryption & #39; < br/ > / / option ssid & #39; OpenWrt_Lan '< br/ > & #39; lan ' < br/ > / optionisolate & #39; 1 ' < br />
config wifi-iface
> option device ' radio0 ' < br/ > & #39; ap ' < br/ > / option encryption & #39; < br/ > / / option ssid & #39; OpenWrt_200 ' < br/ > & #39; VLan_200 ' < br/ > / optionisolate & #39; 1 ' < br />
The VLan interfaces will fail and cannot be acquired from ROS.
The network allocation of OP is:
config interface & #39; lan ' < br/ > & #39; bridge ' < br/ > / / option _orig_ifname & #39; 0.radio0.network1'< br/ > /option _orig_bridge & #39;
config interface & #39; wan ' < br/ > / / option ifname & #39; eth1 ' < br/ > & #39; dhcp ' < br/ > & #39; 0 ' < br/>
config switch
> option name & #39; Switch0 ' < br/ > & & #39; 1 ' < br/ > / option enable_vlan & #39; 1 ' < br />
config switch_vlan
> option device ' Switch0 ' < br/ > / option vlan & #39; 1 ' < br/ > & #39; 0 2 3 4 & #39; < br />
config switch_vlan
> option device ' Switch0 ' < br/ > / option vlan & #39; 2 ' < br/ > / optionvid & #39; 200 ' < br/ > & #39; 0t 1t ' < br/>
config interface & #39; VLan_200 ' < br/ > & #39; bridge ' < br/ > & #39; < br/ > / / option ifname & #39; 0.200 ' < br/ > & #39; 0 ' < br />
Radio segment installation:
config wifi-device ' radio0 ' < br/ > & #39; Mac80211 ' < br/ > > option hwmode & #39; 11g ' < br/ > & #39; platform/qca953x_wmac '< br/ > / /option htmode & #39; HT20 ' < br/ > / /option channel & #39; Auto ' < br/ > & option txpower & #39; 12 ' < br/ > & #39; US ' < br />
config wifi-iface
> option device ' radio0 ' < br/ > & #39; ap ' < br/ > / option encryption & #39; < br/ > / / option ssid & #39; OpenWrt_Lan '< br/ > & #39; lan ' < br/ > / optionisolate & #39; 1 ' < br />
config wifi-iface
> option device ' radio0 ' < br/ > & #39; ap ' < br/ > / option encryption & #39; < br/ > / / option ssid & #39; OpenWrt_200 ' < br/ > & #39; VLan_200 ' < br/ > / optionisolate & #39; 1 ' < br />
The VLan interfaces will fail and cannot be acquired from ROS.
7. interface eth-t 0
int giga1/0/1
eth-trunk 0
ok ?
int giga1/0/1
eth-trunk 0
ok ?
8. Brother, since it's cross network communication, we must use three-layer technology. Since it's three-layer technology, how can we open a trunk on lsw1 and lsw2? That's two-layer technology
if you want to use all the three cables, you can set up a port channel
int range GI 0 / 0 / 1 - 3
channel group 1 mode on / active
no switchport
IP add & lt; You decide for yourself & gt
no shutdown
go back to config
IP routing
just point the default route to the port channel you just made
IP route 0.0.0.0.0.0.0 port-channel1
this is OK for both lsw1 and lsw2.
if you want to use all the three cables, you can set up a port channel
int range GI 0 / 0 / 1 - 3
channel group 1 mode on / active
no switchport
IP add & lt; You decide for yourself & gt
no shutdown
go back to config
IP routing
just point the default route to the port channel you just made
IP route 0.0.0.0.0.0.0 port-channel1
this is OK for both lsw1 and lsw2.
9. The following is my guess, ha
while waiting for DMA interrupt or DMA register state change
and then DMA configuration reset
the following procere is to ping-pong cache DMA move number
and then turn on DMA to continue move number
the specific DMA move number way and address depends on DMA configuration
while waiting for DMA interrupt or DMA register state change
and then DMA configuration reset
the following procere is to ping-pong cache DMA move number
and then turn on DMA to continue move number
the specific DMA move number way and address depends on DMA configuration
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