Talking to the father of Ethereum
recently, the identity of Satoshi Nakamoto, the father of bitcoin, was accidentally exposed, which made bitcoin, which had graally faded out of the public's view, hot again. However, Craig, an Australian businessman with low-key and simple daily behavior, is still in the market; It took only five days for Craig Wright to admit that he had no courage to give up and prove that he was Nakamoto
not surprisingly, the mystery of "Nakamoto Tsung" will continue
"the twists and turns of Zhongben Cong's identity have not brought significant impact on the bitcoin market," Li Qiyuan, President of bitcoin China (BTCC), said in an interview with the first Financial Daily yesterday (May 9). As an innovative thing, bitcoin has been able to survive and grow steadily in the past few years, marking a kind of success. Liu Shengjun, executive vice president of China Europe Lujiazui Institute of international finance, is worried about the development prospect of bitcoin. "At present, no government is willing to give up its management power and accept bitcoin to replace legal tender."< On November 1, 2008, Nakamoto published a research report in a secret cryptography discussion group, in which the concept of bitcoin was first proposed. In 2009, the world's first bitcoin algorithm software appeared. In just four years after that, the price of bitcoin increased by hundreds or even thousands of times, which eclipsed other investment targets
as the creator of bitcoin, "Nakamoto Tsung" not only grasps the most core technology, but also increases people's curiosity and speculation about his real identity because of its huge wealth brought by about 1 million bitcoins (the current price of one bitcoin is about 2970 yuan)< On May 2, Wright publicly told several major overseas media that he was the so-called "Nakamoto Tsung", the founder of bitcoin, which aroused heated discussion in the market<
(the price trend of bitcoin in the past year)
Wright, 46, is a computer scientist and an entrepreneur. When he introced himself at the 2015 bitcoin investor conference, he said that he was a scholar, engaged in business research, and had a doctor of law and a master's degree in statistics
according to foreign mainstream media, Wright confirmed his identity as "Nakamoto Tsung" from a technical point of view by using the bitcoin owned by the founder of bitcoin. Wright also said publicly that it was not easy to make a decision to disclose his identity, and the reason for his clarification was his love and concern for his work, which he "hoped to eliminate the false legends and worries surrounding bitcoin"
as the Internet world continues to argue about Wright's real identity, the plot takes a major turn< On May 6, Wright suddenly published an open letter entitled "I'm sorry", saying that he "has no courage" to continue to prove his identity as "Nakamoto Tsung"
"I believed that I could end the years of hiding and hiding. However, with the events of the past week fermenting, I was going to publish the evidence that I had the initial block, but I couldn't stand it. I don't have the courage. I can't do it. " Wright said<
Wright once said in his public identity that he did not want money, nor did he want to be famous, nor did he want to be worshipped, but only wanted to be alone. Li Qiyuan told China Business Daily that if he really wanted to live his own life, why did he suddenly choose to expose his identity
obviously, the emergence of Wright has not completely ended the mystery of "Nakamoto" and investors are more concerned about the impact of "Nakamoto" on the price of bitcoin
Gong Ming, the founder of blockchain pencil, told the first financial daily that the identity of "Zhongben cong" will not have a substantial impact on the market, but is more symbolic. Unless "Nakamoto Tsung" sells a lot of bitcoin, it will not have an impact on the price of bitcoin. "From 2009 to now," Nakamoto Tsung "is not a person who has a strong desire for money and will not buy or sell bitcoin because of the high or low value of the currency."< Recently, Zug, a small Swiss town, announced that from July 1 this year, buyers will be allowed to pay for its public services with bitcoin as the payment method. Although there are still great limitations in the scope and amount of this payment method, the small progress is enough to cheer bitcoin's staunch admirers
from the beginning, virtual goods can only be purchased on the Internet, to now, bitcoin can be converted into multi-national currencies, and there are many twists and turns along the way
in February 2014, Mt. GOx, the world's largest bitcoin trading platform at that time, said that bitcoin was stolen e to large-scale hacker attacks, with a total loss of $470 million, and the platform declared bankruptcy. Affected by this, the price of bitcoin plummeted from more than $600 to $102 in just a few seconds, a drop of 83%
in January 2015, bitstamp, one of the most reliable bitcoin trading platforms in the world, was attacked by hackers, resulting in the theft of at least US $5 million of bitcoin, causing panic among some cryptocurrency holders. The openness and security of bitcoin cause instry concern. When the negative news came out, bitcoin was finally recognized by the regulatory authorities
in September 2015, the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) confirmed for the first time that bitcoin and other virtual currencies are defined as commodities, which means that bitcoin is classified as commodities like gold and oil, and trading behavior will comply with all commodity derivatives market rules; In October of the same year, the European Court of justice formally ruled that bitcoin and other virtual currencies in Europe should be exempt from VAT just like traditional currencies. Because according to the relevant provisions of the EU, "currencies, bank bills and coins used as legal tender" do not need to pay VAT. Bitcoin has taken a solid step towards legalization
nevertheless, the market is still worried about whether bitcoin, which reached a historical peak of more than 8000 yuan in 2013, can return to its former glory
at present, the price of bitcoin is hovering around 2900 yuan, which is much more stable than the previous ups and downs, and the trading volume of bitcoin has also dropped significantly
"I don't think bitcoin has changed from hot to cold. Compared with the sharp rise and overheating in 2013, I think it is now the normal price of bitcoin. In 2013, bitcoin rose from tens of dollars in January to thousands of dollars in less than a year, overdrawing the later increase, so it has been falling back after 2013." Gong Ming told the first financial daily
how much is bitcoin worth? It is estimated that bitcoin players, exchanges, mining machine manufacturers and even bitcoin creators can not give an accurate answer
although the value of bitcoin cannot be determined, one thing is certain that the number of bitcoins is certain. Because the "issuance" of bitcoin depends on complex calculation, it is essentially different from the "printing" mode of traditional currency issuance. The total amount of bitcoin graally increases according to the design predetermined rate, and the increase rate graally slows down, and finally reaches the limit of 21 million in 2140. The instry estimates that the total amount has reached 15.5 million
Li Qiyuan believes that the limited number of bitcoin is in sharp contrast to the inflation and the decline in the purchasing power of fiat money caused by the massive printing of money by central banks“ The goal of bitcoin is not to replace the existing currency, but to become a universal digital asset in the world and provide convenience for people's lives. "
it is generally expected that with the departure of short-term speculators, the continuous development of bitcoin related applications and the improvement of infrastructure, the digital currency represented by bitcoin will be in a benign development stage
in addition to bitcoin, there are also outstanding digital currencies such as lightcoin, Ethereum, dogcoin and Ruitai coin.
Buterin, the founder of Ethereum, is a Russian
at the end of 2013, vitalik buterin, founder of Ethereum, released the first edition white paper of Ethereum and launched the project. From July 24, 2014, Ethereum has carried out a 42 day pre-sale of Ethereum coins. In early 2016, Ethereum's technology was recognized by the market, and its price began to soar, attracting a large number of people other than developers to enter Ethereum's world. Two of China's three major bitcoin exchanges, huocoin.com and okcoin.com, both officially launched Ethereum on May 31, 2017
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extended materials:
in 2011, butrin began to realize bitcoin under the influence of his father when he was 17 years old in high school. Butrin showed a strong interest in this new thing. In order to better understand this fully distributed currency, butrin began to read bitcoin forum and technical materials. He wrote bitcoin blog articles to earn bitcoin, although his hourly salary was only $2 an hour
when he made 20 BTCs, he took 8.5 to buy a shirt. But he realized at that time that if thousands of people from all over the world join the bitcoin community, an independent financial system can be created, and the application of blockchain is not limited to cryptocurrency, but applicable to all walks of life. Since then, Butlin has been working in this direction
in late 2011, butrin graally became famous in the community. A man from Romania invited him to co-founder bitcoin magazine and serve as the chief writer
bitcoin is a digital currency designed by Nakamoto in 2009. The identity of its founder "Nakamoto" has always been a mystery. Rumors about "father of bitcoin" involve from the US National Security Agency to financial experts, and also give bitcoin a mysterious aura. Matcha exchange can find out more about Ethereum bitcoin
Bitcoin has opened the era of blockchain 1.0, which is characterized by providing a different way of thinking for value transfer, that is, value transfer no longer depends on centralized institutions such as banks. During this period, as more and more people were familiar with bitcoin, many people began to learn from the idea of bitcoin, so a large number of counterfeit coins appeared
the reason why these counterfeit coins are called "counterfeit coins" is that their source code is similar to that of bitcoin, and there is no substantive breakthrough. They also have the shortcomings of bitcoin, and there is no breakthrough improvement. However, people do not have the problem of bitcoin. Many people in the bitcoin community hope to solve these problems through a variety of technical means, so as to make the bitcoin system perfect
Among them, there is a Russian teenager named vitalik buterin, who is also eager to make up for the shortcomings of bitcoin system as soon as possiblefirst, you play games in a lively way, while others play games as gatekeepers
when he was 13 years old, he was a typical Internet addict, addicted to world of Warcraft. One day, the game company of world of Warcraft suddenly cancelled his favorite warlock "life siphon" skill. He was very angry and contacted the company many times to restore the skill. However, the game company did not agree
as a result, Butlin began to reflect that in Internet games, players, as participants, are actually very weak. The strong ones are game developers, who are the center of a game. Has the final say that the game player has no say what the developers want to do, and can only choose to accept or leave passively. p>
Butlin realized the disadvantages of centralization through "world of Warcraft", so he began to look for ways to break the centralization. Butlin realized bitcoin from his father, a programmer, and became so interested that he decided to give up the aura of a famous university and drop out of the University of Waterloo to travel around the world to exchange and learn with blockchain enthusiasts all over the world
at that time, bitcoin enthusiasts were going all out to add more functionality to bitcoin and build bitcoin 2.0. But Butlin believes that the establishment of a new programming language is bitcoin's top priority. So, at the age of 19, Butlin wrote a new white paper, which is the rudiment of Ethereum white paper. Butlin mentioned in the white paper
: he hopes to create a variety of applications based on the common programming language, such as social networking, trading, games... These ideas have been strongly echoed by the bitcoin community, and more and more people have joined in the design of Ethereum. Finally, this project was named "Ethereum" by Butlin, because "Ethereum" is a kind of material that has not been confirmed under scientific theory, implying Butlin's expectation for the project
in June 2015, Ethereum officially released
in the next two years, Ethereum's cryptocurrency "Ethereum" became the most popular digital asset after bitcoin. The price of Ethereum increased 85 times in 2017, and more than 20 global top financial institutions and technology companies, such as JPMorgan Chase, Chicago Board of exchange, Microsoft, Intel and Accenture, established the enterprise Ethereum alliance, Butlin has become a blockchain God "V God" from a young boy
2. The great potential of Ethereum to activate blockchain
the emergence of Ethereum has activated the great potential behind blockchain. Why do you say that
the breakthrough of Ethereum is that it not only upgrades the blockchain to an operating system, so that you can develop an application chain on this basis, but also allows you to publish your own tokens in a very simple way
different from bitcoin's preset trading system operation, Ethereum is a programmable blockchain:
Ethereum allows users to create their own operations that meet their needs and have different degrees of complexity. In this sense, Ethereum is a platform. This "platform" has built a relatively complete "system", which is a bit similar to Android and apple. Application developers can develop various applications on this system
this setting makes Ethereum break through the single "monetary function" of bitcoin, and expand the application scenarios of blockchain technology to all aspects. Now, for example, we can do a lot of things through mobile app: paying fees, ordering meals, taking a taxi, shopping and so on. Similarly, developers can develop DAPP (blockchain application) on Ethereum. In the future, you can use DAPP to replace app, paying fees, ordering meals, taking a taxi, shopping and so on. Ethereum gives us these beautiful visions
Thirdly, the consensus mechanism of Ethereum is different from that of bitcoin. As we mentioned earlier, bitcoin decides its bookkeeping rights through the consensus mechanism of pow. Although the security index of pow is high, the energy consumption and cost of mining are huge, and the transaction processing speed is still very slow. Therefore, Ethereum further enriched the technology of bitcoin and proposed a new mining mechanism, namely, proof of interest (POS) The "proof of equity" proposed by Ethereum is similar to the shareholder mechanism. The more shares people have, the easier they are to obtain the bookkeeping right. It is a system of interest distribution according to the amount and time of holding money. The core logic of POS mechanism is: who holds the currency, who has the control of the network. It should be noted that in the POS mechanism, there is still computing power mining, which needs to solve a mathematical problem. However, the difficulty of the mathematical problem is related to the "age" of the coin holder. The longer the coin holder holds the coin, the easier the difficulty will be, and the greater the probability of digging the coin Fourthly, the controversial ICOEthereum is an open source system, similar to the current Android and apple systems. Developers can develop various applications on it. Most of the ICO projects are based on Ethereum. If developers want to develop blockchain applications (DAPP) on Ethereum, they need to raise certain funds through ICO as operation and maintenance costs
The concept of ICO was very popular in 2017, which was once considered as the main reason for the bull market in 2017 What's the matter with ICO? ICO (initial coin offering) is a way to raise funds for digital currency / blockchain projects. Because the token has market value, it can be converted into legal currency. In this way, it can be used as the development cost of the project. And early participants can get the initial issue of digital currency in returngenerally speaking, if a blockchain game company announces: we are going to issue money for private placement (ICO)! If you are particularly optimistic about this project, if you want to participate, you need to buy a certain number of Ethereum and call the wallet address of the blockchain game project party, which is equivalent to that you have participated in the crowdfunding (ICO) of the blockchain game project party. When the currency of this blockchain game company can be traded on the exchange, then they will pay you back according to certain rules
it seems that ICO in blockchain field is similar to IPO in stock field, isn't it? you 're right! In fact, ICO in the blockchain field is very similar to IPO in the stock field. Let's take a look at their general explanation:
IPO refers to an enterprise or company (limited company) selling its shares to the public for the first time
ICO refers to an enterprise or company (mostly blockchain start-ups) selling its token to the public for the first time
however, normally speaking, it is very difficult for an enterprise or company to go through the IPO process. It is very difficult to go through "BP seed round Angel round a round B round C round D pre IPO IPO IPO" without five to eight years. However, ICO in the field of blockchain can only be realized in three to eight months by "white paper - cornerstone investment - Private Placement -
- ICO - Stock Exchange"
This is also the reason why ICO is controversial. At present, many countries define ICO as an illegal act. It is not unreasonable to ban ICO, because at present, the state has no relevant supervision on this aspect, so it is very easy for the project party to illegally raise funds and circle money, which not only causes great losses to investors, but also disrupts the normal financial order Fifthly, the most important feature of Ethereum is the introction of "smart contract". What does smart contract mean? Smart contract is to define a set of trading rules in the form of code. In our daily life, we usually sign paper contracts, and the implementation of paper contracts needs centralized institutions, that is, the court to supervise. The "smart contract" proposed by Ethereum is to realize decentralized automatic execution through programthe account called "smart contract account" will only be executed according to the code. This technology has a wide range of applications, including insurance, equity, trust and so on. It can be said that this technology can be applied to all activities that need trust
Sixth, the significance of Ethereum: it represents the blockchain 2.0 era. After the glorious period of 2017, now, in the face of bear market, some ICO projects are worried about being tired by the bear market and cash out one after another, leading to a sharp drop in the price of Ethereum. V God, the founder of Ethereum, is also deeply involved in all kinds of rumors. There are often rumors that he is going to quit Ethereum and he is running away However, Ethereum is indeed a leap forward in blockchain technology, which represents the era of blockchain2.0. If bitcoin represents the era of blockchain 1.0, it provides new ideas and new methods for value transfer; Then, the blockchain 2.0 era represented by Ethereum makes the commercial application of blockchain possible
Bitcoin is not the only digital currency on the Internet. There are also ripple, stellar, litecoin, Ethereum and other digital currencies. Of course, the most popular is still bitcoin. But many times, some developers, entrepreneurs or enterprises will let us know that we need better digital currency. A programmer named Jed McCaleb, the father of electric donkeys, developed the reborn coin, which should be better than the bitcoin. Later, he launched the star coin, which is better than the reborn coin. What is more gratifying is that he is not fighting alone
now there is a trend that the instry hopes to develop a technology that enables all these online digital currencies to flow to each other, which means that you can transfer money freely in different online digital currency systems in the future. This technology is known as "interleaver protocol (ILP)", initiated by ripote. However, in recent months, that is, after the company released this idea, they also got the support of many famous companies in the instry, including Microsoft and the world wide web. Obviously, Ruibo currency company wants to set the technical standard of digital currency on the Internet. They want to develop a single global network, which can not only unify all digital currencies, but also unify all enterprises and indivials who use these digital currencies
"we want to be on a higher level and extract the differences between various digital currencies," said Stephen Thomas, chief technology officer of ripple. "We are trying to develop a global standard for payment."
with the launch of this agreement, we hope to enable more people to use online digital currency, expand the scope of use of online digital currency, and let us transfer funds more efficiently. This is actually the goal of many existing projects. For example, the original intention of the design of reborn currency and star currency is to allow users to transfer money to these two digital currency accounts in any currency, and to enable these two digital currencies to be converted into other currencies correspondingly. You can send bitcoin, and then the other party gets it. You can also send us dollars, and the other party will get dogecoin. However, for businesses and the developer community, there are restrictions on their use of these ledgers, so there are some problems because you can't transfer money from one payment network to another. Now, however, the interleaver agreement hopes to change that
to some extent, after ten years of efforts, they hope to develop a new network protocol, which is commonly known as "money Internet". If we go back to the early 1990s, we know that the famous Marc Andreessen founded the Netscape web browser. Now, the project hopes to play a similar role. They want to establish a standard way to send funds on the Internet. In fact, the original Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP, which defined the basic standard of the network) contained code for payment. But this code has never been used. In recent years, many companies (such as coinbase, a bitcoin exchange, and stripe, a company that helps enterprises accept various online digital currencies) are at least trying to create a conventional standard for online digital currencies. In the future, we hope to be able to send and receive money online, just like sending short messages or e-mails. However, we still have a long way to go to this paradise, but at least now we are in the right direction
hard work
hope to adopt