MasterCard Ethereum
IBM and giant automobile manufacturers are trying to use blockchain technology to solve instry pain points. In addition, there are "declining" enterprises such as Kodak of Japan, hoping to fight a "turnaround battle" through blockchain
What does these phenomena show? This shows that the technology of block chain has great commercial value. Everyone hopes to cultivate a new world on this unknown land. So, with the development of blockchain technology this year, it has not only been a simple underlying technology, but also formed a complete ecosystem. Now let's talk with you from two aspects of "coin circle" and "chain circle": what is the ecosystem of blockchain, and let's understand the whole picture of blockchain instry
the first section of the coin circle
in the coin circle, there are always several terms: project party, exchange, media, mining machinery manufacturer. Next, let's take a detailed inventory of what's going on
first, the project side of the coin circle can be understood as follows: all those who issue tokens are the project side. Attention, it's a coin ring. There are also some project parties that don't issue money, such as Alibaba, Tencent and Netease, which are also doing blockchain projects. They don't issue money and only focus on technology. Then these project parties that don't issue money mainly focus on the role of blockchain in data security and supply chain, which we will talk about later
let's return to the topic of coin circle project parties. For example, yilaiyun and BoChang, which are more controversial recently, are the project parties of coin circle, as well as blockchain games, which are more popular recently. They also belong to coin circle project parties
one of the subversive aspects of the coin circle project is the combination of the project and the token, which directly replaces the equity with the token, and the token can be directly circulated. This is a very revolutionary point, so that many initial projects can be more convenient for financing. After financing, the feedback token can be circulated on the digital currency trading platform, and the investors can also exit very well
this "financing investment" approach seems to be another way to realize the listing and trading of equity in disguised form
therefore, it is such a mode that makes the project side of the coin circle the nearest place to the money. They can easily circle the money, and of course they can't resist the temptation, or they have been planning for a long time and run away after circling the money. The detailed process of token issuing by the project side is generally as follows:
the first step is to build a token system, which is similar to an app application. This is not very complicated, because Ethereum is open source, similar to Android Apple system, on which developers can develop specific applications
the second step is to write a white paper, which is similar to the business plan. The white paper is similar to the business plan, mainly including the team situation, technical situation and other information of the project
the third step is to find someone to do endorsement, and find some influential instry bigwigs to promote
the fourth step is to promote marketing, find some blockchain media to push soft articles and pull cooperation, which we will mention below
the fifth step is to find financing
Step 6: go to the stock exchange, and the token begins to spread widely
Second, the exchange
with the project side, let's talk about the exchange. If the project side is a procer, then the things they proce have to be sold and traded, right? The exchange is a trading place for the token of the project party. If the token of the project side is similar to the stock, then the exchange of the currency circle is similar to the secondary market of the stock market. However, the exchange of the currency circle has more power. It has the right to audit the currency, and can decide whether to put the currency in or out
of course, if the project party wants to pay the exchange a huge amount of money charging fees, the investors who trade in the exchange also need to pay the handling fee or withdrawal fee, and the rules of the handling fee and withdrawal fee of each exchange are different. In fact, the currency fees, handling fees and cash withdrawal fees constitute the profit model of the currency circle exchange. Of course, in addition to these three profit models, the profit model of the exchange includes the "market maker" business to earn the price difference, that is, the exchange creates liquidity through continuous trading, acts as a market maker and earns the price difference at the same time
at present, e to the increasingly fierce competition in the instry, there will be less and less currency fees and handling charges, or even no need, so the proportion of conventional profits will be less and less, which leads to the emergence of other profit models, such as platform currency and leverage handling charges. Let's talk about platform currency first. Platform currency is the currency issued by the exchange: okb and coin an belong to platform currency. These platform currencies issued by the exchange can be exchanged for BTC and eth. At the same time, the appreciation of platform currency's own value can lay a solid material foundation for the development of the exchange. For users, holding platform currency can enjoy the benefits of commission discount, platform dividend, special activities of the exchange, etc, This is platform currency. Leverage service charge refers to the currency financing function on the platform, which supports leveraged transactions and charges a certain proportion of service charge to currency financing users
all of the above are actually ecosystems constructed through the exchange's own resource output. Now, the exchange is still actively planning the whole instry to obtain income, such as the establishment of capital, mine pool, wallet, incubator, Engineering Institute, fund and other ways. We believe that if the exchange wants to develop for a long time, it must lay out the whole instry chain, find new breakout points of the instry, and build a complete ecosystem. Therefore, the proportion of strategic profits should be increased
3. Blockchain media
in the past two years when blockchain is hot, there are not only a lot of project parties, but also media. At present, there are about 200 well-known blockchain media. The content on the blockchain media platform is about the following points: policy, hacker, exchange, boss and project party. In addition to words, the operation mode of blockchain media also includes community activities, such as inviting "big guys" to share in the group, so as to achieve a precipitation of high-quality content and earn some traffic at the same time
Why do we have to mention blockchain media? It's because there are some differences between blockchain media and the media in our impression. What's the difference? The difference is that there are some interest relationships between blockchain media and the above mentioned project parties and exchanges. We just said that the project side is like a "procer" and the exchange is like a "sales market". Then, the role of the media is like "advertising platform & quot;. If the project wants to sell well, it needs publicity and advertising, then blockchain media plays such a role. Therefore, the investors of some blockchain media are the project side and the exchange
recently, there has been a bear market. Many blockchain media have laid off employees on a large scale. The reason is nothing more than the shortage of projects and funds. Therefore, it is far from enough for blockchain media to rely solely on the investment of the project side, the exchange and the advertising revenue. When the bear market comes and the project side and the exchange are affected, then the media is bound to face a very cruel winter. As a result, many blockchain media are also doing token issuing by project parties (the most typical are content communities such as coin and coin car, which belong to a media platform and are also doing token issuing by project parties), or some blockchain media are doing business such as wallet selling, mining machine renting and computing power
however, we believe that blockchain media, as the media, still play the role of guiding public opinion. Therefore, we should return to the essence and be a place to deliver instry value information, rather than a place to pile up advertisements. Therefore, blockchain media should keep up with the development of technology to realize its own survival and development. Relying on the advantages of blockchain technology and based on the consensus mechanism in the token system, it can realize the reasonable distribution of the interests of the media instry. In this regard, it may have a certain imagination< Fourth, mining machine manufacturers
in the final analysis, bitcoin mining is the competition of computing power. The stronger the computing power, the greater the probability of bitcoin mining. Therefore, in the business system of the whole coin circle, mining machinery manufacturers are a very important existence. We can see from one data: in the blockchain instry of Hurun 100 rich list in 2018, the richest person is Mr. Zhan ketuan, a partner of bitcontinental, a miner. In addition, according to the prospectus, bitcoin's net profit in the first half of the year was US $743 million, an increase of nearly eight times over the same period last year. Bitcoin once occupied more than 70% of the global market share of mining machinery, becoming the leader in the mining machinery instry. Not only mining machinery, bitmainland still occupies a near monopoly position in the mining pool (that is, a mode of cooperative mining): at present, the computing power of the top six mining pools in the world accounts for 79.2%
after the invention of China's first bitcoin miner, Jianan Yun, another miner chip research company, began to engage in the research of chips in the field of blockchain and artificial intelligence. In just a few years, it has also become an internationally famous chip enterprise
in fact, as early as 2012, the United States announced that it was going to sell a butterfly miner, but many people later thought it was a scam, because it took several years for the butterfly miner to go on sale, which also made the R & D of mining machines in other countries become very scared, and they were all scrambling for time, in a sense, Butterfly mining machine is also driving the prosperity of mining machine instry. So, in 2013, the mining machine has entered a season of contention, and a large number of ASIC mining machines have been put forward: or announced research and development, or announced pre-sale, or in the form of spot: cat roasting mining machine, pigeon mining machine, TMR mining machine, biter mining machine, Rand mining Bureau, little bee mining machine, Avalon original factory and various OEM, garden mining machine, Smart mining machine and so on... Maybe you haven't heard of these mining machines, because they are basically dead. Bitcontinental, Jianan Yun and Yibang have become mining machine giants< However, as a derivative instry under the prosperity of cryptocurrency market, the price of mining machinery is closely related to the cryptocurrency Market: in the bull market, the supply of mining machinery often falls short of demand, and it is common for miners to buy Mining machinery from "scalpers" at several times high prices. At this time, mining machinery manufacturers enter the dividend period. However, in a bear market, mining machinery manufacturers will also be adversely affected. As miners' enthusiasm for mining declines, some manufacturers have to rece the price of mining machinery to recover costs. For example, when bitcoin plummeted in March this year, a certain model of mining machine sold by Huaqiangbei was on sale at a price of 5000 yuan, and the price dropped from about 19000 yuan to
14000 yuan
[summary]
at this point, we can find that whether it is the project party, the exchange, the media, or the mining machinery, it can be said that it is a kind of "one-stop"
ICO (abbreviated as initial coin offering) is the concept of initial public offering (IPO) derived from the stock market. It is the behavior of blockchain project to issue token for the first time and raise bitcoin, Ethereum and other general digital currencies
brief introction to ICO:
ICO is a blockchain instry term, which is a common way to raise funds for cryptocurrency / blockchain projects. Early participants can get the cryptocurrency generated initially as a return
because the token has market value, it can be converted into legal currency to support the development cost of the project. The tokens issued by ICO can be based on different blockchains. The common issue is based on Eth and BTS blockchain, which provides bookkeeping service and value consensus to realize global issue and circulation
ICO participants are very important for the success of a project. They will publicize the blockchain project in the community, so that the tokens generated by it can obtain liquidity before the transaction starts. However, the most important value of ICO participants is still the potential benefits brought by the project development or the price appreciation after the token issue
extended information:
domestic prohibition:
at 3:00 p.m. on September 4, 2017, the people's Bank of China led seven ministries and commissions, including the Information Office of the people's Bank of China, the Ministry of instry and information technology, the State Administration for Instry and commerce, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, to issue the announcement on preventing the financing risk of token issuance (hereinafter referred to as the announcement)
the announcement points out that token issuance financing is essentially an unauthorized illegal public financing behavior, which requires that all kinds of token issuance financing activities should be stopped immediately from the date of the announcement, and at the same time, organizations and indivials who have completed token issuance financing should make arrangements such as refund
Bitcoin can be cashed and converted into the currency of most countries. Users can use bitcoin to buy some virtual items, such as clothes, hats and equipment in online games. As long as someone accepts it, they can also use bitcoin to buy real-life items
bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
1. Bitcoin (bitcoin) is a kind of network virtual currency, which can buy real-life goods. It is characterized by decentralization, anonymity, and can only be used in the digital world. It does not belong to any country or financial institution, and is not subject to geographical restrictions. It can be exchanged anywhere in the world. Therefore, it is used as a money laundering tool by some criminals
2. On January 7, 2014, Taobao announced that it would ban the sale of Internet virtual currencies such as bitcoin and lightcoin from January 14. On February 26, 2014, Democratic Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia issued an open letter to a number of regulatory authorities of the federal government of the United States, hoping that relevant institutions would pay attention to the status quo of bitcoin encouraging illegal activities and disrupting the financial order, and demanded that actions be taken as soon as possible to completely ban the electronic currency
3. On May 12, 2017, a global outbreak of bitcoin virus madly attacked public and commercial systems! Nearly 74 countries in the world have been seriously attacked
4. From August 1, 2017, global bitcoin trading platform will suspend recharge and withdrawal services. Bitcoin China digital asset trading platform will stop new user registration on September 14, and all trading businesses will be stopped on September 30
the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's ideas, open source software was designed and released, and P2P network was built on it. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
Unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions to issue. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, And the use of cryptography design to ensure the security of all aspects of money circulationthe decentralized feature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially control the value of bitcoin by mass manufacturing. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million
2, the common local payment tools for "toC" class Alipay, such as WeChat PayPal Po, etc., are applicable to businesses that have been popularized locally and are in favor of merchants in policy.
3. For international credit card collection, the common international cards are visa, masterc, JCB, AE, DC, etc. Payment companies get authorization from banks, and then provide the collection channel for foreign trade merchants to use. Foreign trade merchants can let users directly input the relevant information of international card on the web page or app, and then they can easily pay. It is convenient, fast, and has good experience, which is concive to the second payment
4. At present, the global information is more and more convenient, and the most commonly used is to directly handle multi currency accounts, operate remittance, exchange and transfer by oneself, and choose more banks in China: Standard Chartered Bank. Overseas Bank: CBI Bank of the United States<
time cycle: unlike in China, it usually takes about three working days to get there<
general process of foreign exchange:
first, the remittance is handled in the overseas bank, and the overseas bank remits the remittance to the domestic receiving bank through such overseas foreign exchange clearing institutions as swift transfer, (or Western Union, suhuijin, etc.), the bank keeps accounts in the form of landing to be cleared, informs the payee to pay, and the payee checks his information with the bank, Then the foreign exchange will be remitted to the payee's bank account.
as we all know, the biggest bottleneck restricting the popularity of blockchain has been its slow transaction speed. Bitcoin can only process seven transactions per second, while Ethereum can only process up to 20 transactions per second. Therefore, after bitcoin has existed for more than 10 years, most people have only heard of blockchain, but they seldom use this technology
abey is developed to solve the problem of low efficiency of blockchain and difficult to popularize in a large area. It is an independent public chain. Abey adopts a unique chain governance and chain architecture. Abey, for example, is looking at how to use only 50 active blocks in the chain. When a new block is created, the oldest block is removed from the end of the chain. But its data will still be preserved and archived. If this architecture is successful, the whole chain will be shorter, lighter and more responsive. Abey takes an average of 2 minutes to create a new block. Many studies have proved that this is close to the optimal time for block generation - abey is much more efficient than traditional blockchain Technology (such as bitcoin)< Second, it's very interesting. As you mentioned just now, the operation efficiency of blockchain and Ethereum is relatively low. So what level can abey reach<
Huang Lianjin: theoretically speaking, abey's transaction processing efficiency can continue to expand with the needs of users. The change in efficiency will also depend on the type of actual use case. For example, the first use case built on the core of abey blockchain is the apay systems payment services (a payment) platform. According to the project side, its current efficiency has exceeded the speed and throughput of visa / MasterCard credit card system
in terms of function, the apay platform supports the instantaneous conversion of bitcoin, Ethereum, bitcoin, cash and Leyte into a stable currency called Act (or acash) (linked to the value of the US dollar). Once the user obtains the act, it can be used to trade with other apay users
in addition, users will soon be able to enter the act into the apay encrypted debit card, and then they can consume at any merchant (online and offline) receiving visa / MasterCard, and withdraw legal tender from any ATM in the world. Apay's goal is to become a bridge between cryptocurrency and the real world, bringing cryptocurrency into the mainstream business world< In this way, apay will promote the large-scale application of blockchain technology in e-commerce. Besides, what other achievements does abey team take pride in
Huang Lianjin: abey constructs a loose coupling intelligent contract execution architecture. This means that people can use any programming language or compiler to develop smart contracts on the abey platform. In contrast, developers will not need to be limited to the development restrictions in Ethereum ecology, which will reshape the way smart contracts are built and run in the blockchain
the first smart contract in abey ecosystem is written in C language (C language ranks top three among the most common programming languages in the world). At present, there are more than 5.4 million known C and C + + language developers around the world – compared with less than 10000 solid language developers in the Ethereum ecosystem. In 5-6 years, the expansion rate of Ethereum ecosystem's developers is still expected to be relatively slow.