Ethereum virtual machine EVM

1. Ethereum, ETH for short. At the end of 2013, vitalik released the white paper of Ethereum, and in July 2014, the pre-sale of Ethereum began. At that time, insiders called this kind of token issue "crowdfunding". Through the 42 day pre-sale, the Ethereum team raised more than 30000 bitcoins through the pre-sale of 60102216 Ethernet coins; In addition, the early contributors who participated in the development before the pre-sale and the developers who have been engaged in project research for a long time are allocated according to 9.9% of the total amount of Ethernet coins sold at that time. So when Ethereum was officially released, there were more than 72 million Ethereum coins. After the end of Ethereum's pre-sale, it uses the proof of work mechanism POW for mining, and rewards the miners according to 26% of the total amount issued at that time every year. In October 2014, Ethereum reced the block output time from 60 seconds to 12 seconds, and now it is basically stable at 15 seconds, with 5 etheric coins awarded for each block
although the pow mining mechanism is adopted, the block out mechanism of Ethereum is different from that of bitcoin. Due to the short block time of Ethereum, Ethereum is easy to form isolated blocks. Isolated blocks refer to the blocks that are not on the longest chain. Bitcoin's isolated blocks have no block rewards, but in Ethereum, isolated blocks can be referenced. The referenced isolated blocks are called "Uncle blocks", and their packaged data will also be recorded in the blockchain. Unlike bitcoin, Ethereum's TERT block has a reward, and each TERT block can get a reward of 4.375 Ethernet coins at most
Ethereum is a programmable and Turing complete blockchain development platform, which is equivalent to a decentralized global computer. In a programming system, there are usually some virtual machines to compile and execute. Java has JVM. In Ethereum, there is also Ethereum's virtual machine EVM, which can execute any complex algorithm code. Developers can use existing programming languages such as JavaScript or Python to create their own applications on Ethereum. Through Ethereum's virtual machine, you can easily issue digital assets, write smart contracts, set up and run decentralized applications, and set up decentralized autonomous organizations
eth is also known as the internal fuel of Ethereum. Unlike currency digital assets, Ethereum is not only used for transfer, but also for payment of smart contracts
in order to prevent the Ethereum blockchain from being full of junk contracts and junk applications, and to establish and run smart contracts on Ethereum, you must use eth to pay for smart contracts. For example, when you transfer your newly created digital assets on the Ethereum blockchain, you need to use eth to pay the handling fee instead of your newly created digital assets.

2. At the top of Ethereum is DAPP. It exchanges with the smart contract layer through Web3. JS. All smart contracts run on EVM (Ethereum virtual machine) and use RPC calls. Below EVM and RPC are the four core contents of Ethereum, including: blockchain, consensus algorithm, mining and network layer. Except DAPP, all other parts are in the Ethereum client. The most popular Ethereum client is geth (go Ethereum)

3.

Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function. It provides decentralized virtual machine (Ethereum virtual machine) to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency ether (also known as "Ethereum")

The token on the

blockchain is called ether, and the code is eth. It can be traded in many foreign exchange markets of cryptocurrency, and it is also the medium used to pay transaction fees and computing services on Ethereum

the concept of Ethereum was first proposed by vitalik buterin, a programmer, from 2013 to 2014, inspired by bitcoin, with the general meaning of "next generation cryptocurrency and decentralized application platform", and began to develop through ICO crowdfunding in 2014. As of February 2018, Ethernet is the second highest cryptocurrency in market value, second only to bitcoin

extended data:

Ethereum platform has no characteristics and value. Like programming languages, it's up to entrepreneurs and developers to decide what to use. However, it is clear that some application types benefit more from the functions of Ethereum than others. Ethereum is especially suitable for those applications that automatically interact directly between points or promote group coordination activities across networks

for example, coordinate the application of point-to-point market, or the automation of complex financial contracts. Bitcoin enables indivials to exchange money without the help of financial institutions, banks or governments. The impact of Ethereum may be more profound

in theory, any complex financial activities or transactions can be automatically and reliably carried out on Ethereum with coding. In addition to financial applications, any application scenario with high requirements for trust, security and persistence, such as asset registration, voting, management and Internet of things, will be affected by Ethereum platform on a large scale

4.

Ethereum is an implementation of blockchain. In Ethereum network, many nodes are connected with each other to form Ethereum network:

Ethereum node software provides two core functions: data storage and contract code execution

in each Ethereum node, complete blockchain data is stored. Ethereum not only saves the transaction data on the chain, but also saves the compiled contract code on the chain

At the same time, a virtual machine is provided to execute the contract code

Ethereum virtual machine

Ethereum blockchain not only stores data and code, but also contains a virtual machine (EVM) in each node to execute contract code - it sounds like a computer operating system

in fact, this is the core difference between Ethereum and bitcoin: the existence of virtual machine has brought blockchain into the era of 2.0 and made blockchain a friendly platform for application developers for the first time

the above content comes from the introction course of Ethereum DAPP development

5.

First of all, we need to understand what is MLM:

MLM refers to the illegal behavior of organizers and development personnel to obtain wealth by calculating and paying remuneration to the developed personnel based on the number or performance of the personnel directly or indirectly developed, or requiring the developed personnel to pay certain fees to obtain the qualification to join. The essence of MLM is "Ponzi scheme", that is to say, the money of later comers is distributed to the income of former comers

However, the new type of MLM does not restrict personal freedom, does not accept ID cards and mobile phones, and does not take classes collectively. Instead, it uses capital operation as a banner to pull people to cheat money, drives luxury cars, wears gold and silver, and uses money to attract your relatives and friends to join in, and finally makes you lose all your money

then judge whether the ether coin is a kind of MLM, whether you need membership fee, whether you need to ask your relatives and friends to join

extended materials:

Ethereum is an underlying technology platform on which developers can create distributed applications. With the application, there will be transactions. With a transaction, you need money to complete the transaction. In this way, money has value, and investors' investment has a return. If the transaction volume on the platform is larger and larger, the demand for money will be higher and higher, and the money will be more and more valuable

from the perspective of image, bitcoin creates a kind of digital gold, while Ethereum creates a country, and Ethereum is the credit currency of the country

after bitcoin, there are thousands of digital virtual currencies in the world, many of which are completely deceptive in the guise of "digital currency". Previously, Haikou Municipal Public Security cracked down on a pyramid selling organization called "Eurasian currency", which operated on the internet pyramid selling platform, making more than 40000 investors cheated, involving 4.06 billion yuan. The field of virtual currency has just started, so we need to be cautious

resources : Ethernet money network

6. According to the requirements of the manual, first measure whether the red and green lines correspond to the L1 of the interface; Is the yellow and black line corresponding to L2? If so, it must be the correct connection. Although the telephone line can be divided into positive and negative poles, the terminals can be connected at will, so there is a rectifier directional circuit inside the telephone. Even if the L1 and L2 lines are wrongly connected, the equipment will not be burnt out, so you can safely and boldly test.

7. Ethereum is an open source public blockchain platform with smart contract function. It provides decentralized virtual machine (Ethereum virtual machine) to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency ether (also known as "Ethereum"). The concept of Ethereum was first proposed by vitalik buterin, a programmer, from 2013 to 2014, inspired by bitcoin, to the effect of "next generation cryptocurrency and decentralized application platform". It began to develop through ICO crowdfunding in 2014
Ethereum is not only a database, it also allows you to run programs in the trusted environment of the blockchain. Ethereum has built a virtual machine named EVM (Ethereum virtual machine) on the blockchain. EVM allows code to be verified and executed on the blockchain, providing guarantee for code to run in the same way on everyone's machine. These codes are included in the smart contract. In addition to tracking the account balance, Ethereum uses the same method to save the EVM status on the blockchain. All nodes process the smart contract to verify the integrity of the contract itself and its output.