Ethereum encryption Valley
some countries have shown great interest in the blockchain technology of decentralized data management framework to store public data. For example, essentia is developing an e-government project with the Central Union of agricultural procers and forest owners in Finland, The project will apply blockchain technology to enable urban and rural residents in Finland to query various records, fully meet the needs of residents and employers, and improve the employment rate. In addition, the use of this technology can also improve the efficiency of government operation, so that residents can easily query ecation, public records, voting and other information
waste recycling
for example, an intelligent waste management system in China adopts the RFID technology of waltonchain company. Using this blockchain application of waltonchain, it can effectively monitor the waste level, so as to improve the management and operation efficiency and resource optimization
identity recognition
chug, a Swiss city known as "encryption Valley", has developed an identity authentication system with its partner uport by using blockchain technology, through which citizens can participate in online voting and proof of residence
border control
essentia has been in contact with the Dutch government, hoping to use its blockchain technology to establish a set of border inspection system for the Dutch government to check passengers between Amsterdam and London. At present, passengers of Eurostar high-speed rail between the two countries need to undergo border control checks at multiple locations. Essentia is working on a blockchain based solution that will securely store passenger data so that inspection records from the Netherlands can also be reviewed by UK Border agencies. Blockchain technology will ensure that the data has not been tampered with and is verifiable and accurate
health care
as we all know, medical records are very scattered and prone to errors. Inconsistent data processing process will make hospitals and clinics often forced to deal with some incorrect or incomplete patient records. For example, Medrec, a blockchain electronic medical record system developed by MIT, uses blockchain technology to promote data sharing. At the same time, it can also provide authentication and confidentiality services
enterprise management
as enterprise customers of Microsoft azure applications, they can make use of blockchain as a service (baas), which will enable enterprises to access smart contracts and blockchain applications in a secure hosting environment. According to media reports, Google is also developing a proprietary blockchain project to support its cloud based business. And alpha, Google's parent company, is developing a distributed accounting project that third parties will be able to use to store data related to Google's cloud services
medical data
medical centers that digitize patient records do not store data among multiple devices. They usually store data on centralized servers, which has become the main target of hackers. The wannacry attack on NHS hospital in the UK proves this. But in addition, even if the security risk is ignored, there is still the problem of fragmentation. At present, there are more than 50 different electronic medical record systems (EHR) operating in hospitals in different cities around the world, and there are usually dozens of different medical application systems in the same city. These independent systems can't perform interoperation, and the data of patients in each hospital can only be distributed in different data storage centers
in the case of patients' life and death, the lack of reliable medical data contrast and slow operation efficiency will be fatal. Essentia's application framework solves all these problems by using blockchain based system, which will store all clinical data of patients, and can access these data immediately regardless of geographical boundaries. In this system, the patient's medical record privacy can also be protected, and only the authorized medical personnel can access it in a specific period of time
Music Proction
one of the main advantages of blockchain technology is that it eliminates unnecessary middlemen or middlemen. The music instry is a typical example. In this instry, if artists are inefficient, they will get very low remuneration. At this time, a number of blockchain based projects have emerged to seek a fairer trading and business environment for music creators, such as artbit, a former gunshot rose drummer Matt Soren as director
carbon compensation
as a highly instrialized country, China's environmental change is huge. In March 2017, IBM and energy blockchain labs jointly launched the hyperledger fabric blockchain project to discover China's carbon assets, which not only creates a measurable and auditable system for tracking carbon emissions, but also provides a tradable market for companies seeking to offset energy consumption and stimulate green instrial practice
supply chain management
supply chain management is considered to be one of the better cases of applying blockchain, because it is very suitable for the express delivery of such goods from delivery to receipt or the whole process from manufacturer to store. IBM and Wal Mart have jointly launched a blockchain food safety alliance in China. The project is also jointly operated with Jingdong company, aiming to improve food delivery tracking and safety assurance, so as to make it easier to trace food safety issues
facts have proved that China is a mature experimental base for blockchain projects, and it is also the location of the world's first blockchain for agricultural procts (5.180, - 0.25, - 4.60%). Louis Dreyfus Co, a world-famous food trader, has established a blockchain technology project in cooperation with Dutch and French banks. Using this project technology, the transaction settlement is faster than traditional methods in the process of selling soybeans to China
diamond instry
De Beers Group, the world's most famous diamond company, has its own blockchain company and has started operation. Its purpose is to "establish a digital record for every diamond registered on the platform". Considering the origin of diamonds, the ethical standards of origin, and the risk of diamond quality, blockchain technology is a good choice, because every record of it is indelible, and it will ensure that the electronic data of each diamond is as permanent as itself
real estate transactions
currently, Ukraine is the first country to use blockchain technology to promote property transactions. Michael Arlington, the founder of techcrunch, a famous technology website and cryptocurrency player, remotely purchased and resold a real estate in Kiev through the smart contract of Ethereum blockchain. This transaction was completed by propy, a start-up company specializing in blockchain real estate transactions
fisheries
blockchain technology is now being used to support the development of sustainable fisheries. Illegal fishing is a common problem in this instry. The distributed ledger technology of blockchain provides a proof of the capture source, processing and sale mode. This "net to table" supply chain allows inspectors to determine whether the fish caught came from a human rights violation area or from a country affected by economic sanctions
art paintings
similar to diamond trading, the art instry relies on the provenance and authenticity of art works. Although the blockchain cannot identify whether a painting is an original or a fake, it can be used to prove the identity of the previous owner of the painting. In addition, blockchain technology is now also used as a means to obtain works of art. It can make tangible goods easily traded and exchanged anywhere in the world without physical transfer from a secure storage place
public facilities
in Freemantle, Australia, a project dedicated to distributed energy and water system management is using blockchain technology, and solar panels (3.340, - 0.06, - 1.76%) are being used in sunny areas to obtain electricity, which is then used to heat water and provide electricity, All these energy conversion and use information will be recorded in the blockchain data
in Chile, the National Energy Commission has started to use the blockchain technology as the verification of the country's energy use data, and some sensitive data will be stored in the blockchain. The application of this technology can be regarded as a means for the modernization and safe operation of power infrastructure in this South American country
LGBT rights
blockchain can help build a "pink economy" and help LGBT communities fight for their own rights without revealing people's identities. This is an extremely important issue, because crimes of discrimination against homosexual groups often occur, especially in countries notorious for human rights violations, Homosexuality is illegal, or at least not allowed
catastrophe bonds
catastrophe bonds may be the only hope for victims of earthquakes, tsunamis and other natural disasters. Blockchain allows fast and transparent reconciliation between the parties, and can ensure that the system can continue to operate normally even under unmanned operation. Now, blockchain has been successfully used in the settlement mechanism of catastrophe bonds
tourism
local institutions in Hawaii are studying how to use blockchain technology to improve the economy, such as opening bitcoin and other monetary payment means to facilitate tourists' transaction of local goods and services. In this way, the Hawaiian government hopes to attract tourists, especially those from Asia, to spend more money in the local area and improve the economic development of Hawaii
homeland security
in 2016, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced a project that will use blockchain technology as a means of secure storage and capture of data transmission. DHS uses Factom's blockchain technology to encrypt and store data captured by security cameras and other sensors. The application of this blockchain technology will greatly rece the risk of data leakage. At present, the project is still in progress
maritime transportation
it is self-evident that blockchain is used to record ship transportation data. At present, some local shipping projects have adopted distributed ledger technology. In the maritime logistics instry, blockchain technology can make the inevitable cumbersome management proceres in international trade more transparent and orderly. Maersk, one of the world's largest shippers, is a pioneer in the use of blockchain. Today, Yixing international shipping company Zim has also made follow-up use of blockchain technology.
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Japan
among Asian countries, Japan seems to be the first country to support cryptocurrency. On the contrary, in the past few years, China has been cracking down on ICO and closing down the trading business of digital currency exchanges in China. Compared with China's strict restrictions, Japan is undoubtedly far ahead in the field of cryptocurrency
maybe it's because of the anonymous people (or teams?) who developed bitcoin Japan's pseudonym is Nakamoto, so Japan's friendliness to cryptocurrency ranks at the top
after being attacked by hackers, the Japanese based Mt. GOx exchange finally closed down in February 2014, which is still the biggest scandal in the digital currency world. After that, Japan's licensed cryptocurrency exchanges came together to form a new self regulatory organization, which put forward guidelines to legalize ICO and formulated clear instry standards to protect investors, while allowing the instry to grow and continue to innovate
members of this association, called ICO business research group, include members of Parliament, academics, bankers and the CEO of bitflyer. Bitflyer is the largest cryptocurrency exchange in Japan. According to the government study, the legislature may allow potentially profitable ICO and cryptocurrency exchanges to continue trading, but at the same time, it must provide the government with more insight into these activities and enhance transparency
nevertheless, as of the end of April, it was reported that Venezuela could offer India a 30% discount if India used petro currency to pay for its crude oil. Bitcoin magazine reported that "Venezuela has assured the buyer that petro currency will have all the functions of legal tender, can pay taxes and can be converted into Venezuelan hard currency, namely Bolivar
while many people are skeptical of petro itself and the Venezuelan government's move to integrate cryptocurrency into its declining economy, others believe that any effort to win the credibility of cryptocurrency is worthwhile. David Garcia, senior vice president and partner of ripio credit network, pointed out that Latin America is going through a transitional period
Latin America is in a difficult situation e to political corruption and economic crisis, and is troubled by high inflation and rapid devaluation of local currency, especially in Venezuela. Garcia believes that innovative ideas and solutions such as blockchain and cryptocurrency are necessary for these countries to develop in a positive direction3. Sweden
in 2015, Sweden became the first country in Europe to approve the trading of two kinds of bitcoin exchange traded notes (ETN), which are managed by XBT providers. The Swedish Krona denominated bitcoin tracker one XBT (ST: se0007126024) fund and bitcoin tracker EUR XBT provider (ST: se0007525332) can be traded on Nordic Nasdaq, the main Swedish exchange
since its launch, XBT has been launched in Denmark, Finland, Estonia and Latvia. As of early December 2017, cointegraph announced that Sweden's ETN "is more than 80% of the US ETF". In mid January, CNBC said that Sweden's bitcoin investment project attracted $1.3 billion
in addition, the Swedish central bank has been considering the development of an electronic currency called e-krona to cope with the situation that Sweden is rapidly becoming the first cashless society in the world. However, Sweden's banking sector has hit back. Hans Lindberg, chief executive of the Swedish Bankers Association, said in an interview on April 17: "in terms of e-money, there is already a lot. There are bank cards, credit cards... And other electronic solutions. The most likely scenario in the future is that the Swedish central bank will stick to wholesale business. "< However, James Pomeroy, a global economist at HSBC, believes that Sweden is still likely to become the first country in the world to issue digital currency, which may be launched in the next few years. Venezuela may be ahead in government supported cryptocurrency issuance, but Sweden, a Scandinavian country with stronger economy and more trusted regulators, may still disrupt the existing order of cryptocurrency and even lead the European cryptocurrency instry< Switzerland
4. The Swiss financial market supervision authority is at the forefront in clarifying the regulation of cryptocurrency and supporting ICO. Marc bernegger, a Swiss financial technologist, cryptocurrency entrepreneur and consultant to Swiss real coin, said Switzerland has traditionally been a haven of wealth. To some extent, this benefits from Switzerland's more open financial regulation and a long culture of protecting the privacy of Swiss banking institutions' customers. Bernegger pointed out that Switzerland has been "looking forward" to cryptocurrency assets as part of overall wealth management and is "preparing for changing economic forms."
the surrounding area of Zug in North Central Switzerland is called crypto Valley, which has been called crypto valley since Ethereum ICO was launched in 2014. For cryptocurrency entrepreneurs, developers and investors, cryptovalley is one of the most active ecosystems,5. Israel
in Israel, discussions on the regulation of cryptocurrency continue, and legislators are looking for ways to protect investors. Although Israel's banking system has failed to help promote bitcoin related business, Union Bank of Israel, the sixth largest bank in Israel, is being sued by a local cryptocurrency miner for stopping transferring funds from bitcoin exchange to the miner; In addition, Israel's second-largest bank, bank Leumi, was intervened by the district court and the country's Supreme Court when it tried to block the account activity of a local cryptocurrency exchange. This is undoubtedly a major victory for the local cryptocurrency instry
in addition, it has recently been reported that the Central Bank of Israel has been considering the possibility of issuing state supported cryptocurrency for several months. According to the Jerusalem Post, an anonymous source said, "digital shekel can record every transaction through mobile phones, making tax evasion more difficult." If a digital Shekel is introced, its value will be equal to that of an entity
in terms of technological innovation, Israel's start-up corporate culture is at the forefront. Roy meirom, co-founder and vice president of business development of wemark, pointed out that many of the 300 multinational R & D centers operating in Israel are committed to the application of blockchain<
Roy meirom also said that this small middle east country, commonly known as the "start-up country", is rapidly becoming the development center of blockchain< Bermuda
Bermuda, a member of the Commonwealth in the North Atlantic and Caribbean, has been actively seeking the adoption of cryptocurrency related regulations to begin to establish an appropriate framework to promote cryptocurrency business activities, including cryptocurrency exchanges, wallet services and payment providers. Recently, the Bermuda Monetary Authority's virtual currency business act was passed in the house of Commons
Bermuda has carried out relevant legislative activities on ICO in the form of amending the Companies Act 1981 and the limited liability companies act 2016. At the end of last year, Bermuda's prime minister and Finance Minister David Burt set up a blockchain working group, which is divided into two groups: the legal and regulatory Working Group on blockchain and the commercial working group on blockchain
7. Berlin, the capital of Germany, is perhaps one of the EU's most cryptocurrency friendly cities. In 2013, Berlin was called the "bitcoin capital of Europe" by the guardian, and it has always maintained this status. At present, people can use bitcoin to buy apartments in Berlin, make holiday reservations, and pay for meals in various fashionable local restaurants
Thomas Schouten, marketing director of lisk, a Swiss based blockchain application platform, said the application chain has a major contractor office in Berlin. Schouten said Berlin provides a vibrant start-up and technology space with a huge talent pool and vibrant culture, making it easy for companies to attract employees. In addition, he said that Germany and the German government are open to blockchain technology
in 2014, Germany became the first country to accept bitcoin as a currency, highlighting its open attitude. Similarly, board members of the Bundesbank have called for effective and appropriate regulation of cryptocurrencies and tokens. In fact, Joachim wuermeling, director of the Bundesbank, has pointed out the need for international cooperation on this issue:
to this end, a number of decision makers of the Bundesbank have participated in discussions involving the whole EU region, including stimulating the cryptocurrency instry in the whole EU region through the European block chain partnership "Scientists and engineers in the instry, many of them retired members of Israel's elite military intelligence forces, have transferred to fill the huge talent demand of the instry, and are supported by more and more blockchain start-ups and supporting ecosystems." -
"because the regulatory capacity of a single country is obviously limited, only by maximizing the potential of international cooperation can virtual currency be effectively regulated."
