What is the Ethereum contract account
warm tips: the above explanations are for reference only, without any suggestions. There are risks in entering the market, so investment should be cautious. Before making any investment, you should make sure that you fully understand the nature of the investment and the risks involved in the proct. After a detailed understanding and careful evaluation of the proct, you can judge whether to participate in the transaction
response time: December 2, 2020. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes
[Ping An Bank I know] want to know more? Come and see "Ping An Bank I know" ~
https://b.pingan.com.cn/paim/iknow/index.html
BTC, usdt, ETH, BCH, LTC mean respectively:
1, BTC
bitcoin. The concept was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's idea, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network is built on it. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
2, usdt
TEDA currency is a virtual currency that links cryptocurrency with legal currency US dollar, and is a virtual currency kept in foreign exchange reserve account and supported by legal currency
EthEthereum is an open source public blockchain platform with intelligent contract function, which provides decentralized Ethereum virtual machine to process point-to-point contract through its special cryptocurrency ether
4. BCH
bitcoin cash is a new version of bitcoin with different configurations launched by a small number of bitcoin developers
at 20:20 on August 1, 2017, bitcoin cash starts mining, and each bitcoin investor's account will have the same amount of bitcoin cash (BCH)
5, LTC
litecoin, abbreviated as LTC, currency symbol: & # 321;; It is a kind of network currency based on "peer-to-peer" technology. It is also an open source software project under MIT / X11 license. It can help users make instant payments to anyone in the world
source of reference: network bitcoin
source of reference: network TEDA coin
source of reference: network Ethereum
source of reference: network bitcoin cash
source of reference: network letcoin
source of reference: Network
& quot; A smart contract is a set of promises defined in digital form, including the agreements on which the contract participants can execute these promises& quot;
let's explore the meaning of his definition in more detail
commitment
a set of commitments refers to the (often mutual) rights and obligations agreed by contract participants. These commitments define the nature and purpose of the contract. Take a sales contract as a typical example. The seller promises to deliver the goods and the buyer promises to pay a reasonable price
digital form
digital form means that contracts have to be written into computer-readable code. This is necessary, because as long as the participants reach an agreement, the rights and obligations of smart contract establishment are executed by a computer or computer network
to further explain:
(1) when will the parties to the smart contract reach an agreement? The answer depends on the specific smart contract implementation. Generally speaking, the contract is discovered when the parties are committed to the execution of the contract by installing the contract on the contract host platform< (2) contract execution
& quot; Execute & quot; And the real meaning of it also depends on implementation. Generally speaking, implementation means active implementation through technical means
(3) computer readable code
in addition, the contract needs specific & quot; Digital form & quot; Very much depends on the agreement that the parties agree to use
protocol
protocol is technical implementation, on this basis, the contract commitment is realized, or the contract commitment is recorded. Which agreement to choose depends on many factors, the most important of which is the nature of the assets being traded ring the performance of the contract
take the sales contract as an example. Suppose that the participants agree to pay in bitcoin. The chosen protocol will obviously be bitcoin protocol, on which the smart contract will be implemented. Therefore, the contract must use & quot; Digital form & quot; It's bitcoin scripting language. Bitcoin scripting language is a non Turing complete, imperative, stack based programming language, similar to forth.
-
with the recent sharp fluctuation of currency prices, a new profession, commonly known as "brick moving", is graally emerging in the circle. These brick moving workers pay close attention to the major bitcoin and Ethereum transactions every day. Once they find the price difference, they buy bitcoin and Ethereum from the low price and sell them from the high price to make profit
-
with the increasing number of bitcoin and Ethereum transactions, according to incomplete statistics, the number of current international mainstream bitcoin transactions is graally increasing. Different from A-share and other stock markets, the stock price is globally unified. For example, the stock price of technology has the only pricing in Hong Kong stock market. However, the prices of bitcoin and Ethereum are determined by the transaction itself. Because Ethereum has a large number of transactions and different transaction volumes, the transaction price is very likely to fall. When the price fall is large, it can even reach 8% ~ 10% of Ethereum's price. At this time, many porters have the opportunity to move bricks. The so-called "brick" of moving bricks refers to Ethereum. Porters buy Ethereum from the low price and then transfer it to the high price to get the price difference
-
for example, the recent sharp fluctuations in bitcoin and Ethereum markets are a good time to move bricks. Generally speaking, as long as there is a price difference of 5-50 yuan between bitcoin and Ethereum, it is worth moving bricks. However, moving bricks also requires certain transfer costs and labor costs. Sometimes, the withdrawal of bitcoin purchased from low price will not arrive so quickly. In order to speed up the transaction speed and rece the risk of price fluctuation, the porter usually has a turnover of bitcoin. For example, after purchasing bitcoin and Ethereum from a, he immediately transfers the same amount of bitcoin from his wallet to B for sale, After the completion of bilateral transactions, graally withdraw the funds into their wallets, waiting for the next time to move bricks. If you have both cash and bitcoin and Ethereum, it's the safest. You can pay at a low price and register at a high price, and then trade at the same time. The transaction can be completed in a few seconds. At this time, there is little risk in moving bricks, and what you get is pure profit. When the price of bitcoin fluctuates greatly, part of the price response is not so fast, and the profit of moving bricks is the highest
-
2. Adopt large-scale high-end cloud computing, short or long currency transactions all over the world (low absorption and high selling), complete the transaction within 0.28 MS, and increase the value by floating trading point without upper limit, so as to ensure the dividend appreciation of each person
-
3. They use the money of the participants to earn profits, and then give 50% to the participants, from Monday to Friday, and do not distribute on weekends. How much you earn depends on whether you have a big package or a small one
-
if you have any questions, please let me know. 5: 185 plus 654 and 39360
< / OL >
Ethereum is not only a database, it also allows you to run programs in the trusted environment of the blockchain. Ethereum has built a virtual machine named EVM (Ethereum virtual machine) on the blockchain. EVM allows code to be verified and executed on the blockchain, providing guarantee for code to run in the same way on everyone's machine. These codes are included in the smart contract. In addition to tracking the account balance, Ethereum uses the same method to save the EVM status on the blockchain. All nodes process the smart contract to verify the integrity of the contract itself and its output.
what is Ethereum
Ethereum is often compared with bitcoin, but the situation is different. Bitcoin is a kind of cryptocurrency and distributed payment network, which allows bitcoin to be transferred between users
related: what is bitcoin? How does it work
Ethereum has a bigger goal. As Ethereum says, "Ethereum is a distributed platform running smart contracts.". These smart contracts run on "Ethereum virtual machine", a distributed computing network composed of all devices running Ethernet nodes
"distributed platform" means that anyone can set up and run an Ethereum node just as anyone can run a bitcoin node. Anyone who wants to run "smart contracts" on nodes must pay the operators of these nodes in ether, which is a cryptocurrency related to Ethereum. Therefore, the person running the Ethernet node provides computing power and gets paid in the Ethernet, which is similar to the way that the person running the bitcoin node provides hash power and pays in bitcoin
in other words, although bitcoin is only a blockchain and payment network, Ethereum is a distributed computing network, and its blockchain can be used for many other things. Details are provided in the Ethereum white paper
what is ether
Ethernet is a digital token (or cryptocurrency) related to Ethereum blockchain. In other words, Ethereum is the token and Ethereum is the platform. But now people often use these terms alternately. For example, coinbase allows you to buy Ethereum, which stands for Ethereum
this is technically "altcoin", which actually means a non bitcoin cryptocurrency. Like bitcoin, ether is supported by distributed blockchain - in this case, Ethereum blockchain
developers who want to create applications or Ethereum smart contracts on Ethereum blockchain need Ethernet token to pay for nodes to host it, while users of Ethereum based applications may need Ethernet to pay for services in these applications. People can also sell services outside the Ethereum network and accept Ethernet payments, or they can sell Ethernet tokens in cash - just like bitcoin
first, smart contracts are so good that they are not useless
smart contracts. As the name suggests, smart contracts refer to contracts that can be executed automatically by computer code; Ethereum virtual machine is used to execute smart contract; Smart account is the carrier that smart contract can be executed. In other words, smart account, this "account" can be controlled by Ethereum virtual machine. According to what control, according to smart contract
there is no free lunch in the world. The smart contract function is so good that it's not useless. When you trade in Ethereum, you have to pay the miner's handling charge. So what's the handling charge you have to pay on Ethereum system, and what's the relationship between
gas and handling charge
2. What's the matter with Ethereum gas
Ethereum gas is similar to automobile fuel. It needs Ethereum gas to drive smart contract. Gas is an English word, Chinese meaning: gas, gasoline, this thing in daily life, is a consumable. Why does Ethereum proce fuel
what is the meaning of gas in Ethereum? In fact, Ethereum's gas is closely related to transaction costs. Ethereum transaction needs service charge. This gas is the calculation mode of service charge of Ethereum
in the setting of Ethereum, the transaction fee is similar to an encrypted fuel, namely gas, which can drive the movement of smart contracts. When Ethereum executes transactions on the blockchain, the fuel will be graally consumed according to the rules of the characteristics
from this point of view, gas is really the same as its original intention, like automobile fuel. If you want to start a car, you must need fuel
What is the difference between the transaction fees of Ethereum gas and bitcoin In essence, Ethereum is a virtual machine, which is decentralized and controlled by people all over the world, forming a "world-class computing network". When you send a token, execute a contract, transfer Ethereum, or do other things on the block, the computer needs to calculate when processing the transaction, which consumes network resources. In this way, you have to pay the "gas" to get the computer to work for you and the miners to process the transaction for yougenerally, the higher the gas price the sender is willing to pay, the greater the value the miners get from the transaction, and the more likely the miners are to choose the transaction. In this way, miners are free to choose to trade. In order to set the gas price for the sender as a reference, miners can directly put forward the lowest gas price they need to execute the transaction
How to calculate the gas consumption of Ethereumwhen Ethereum virtual machine processes transactions, Virtual Opportunities process one by one according to the operation instructions determined in the transaction, and each operation instruction has a specified gas consumption
Ethereum system stipulates two accounts: one is normal account and the other is smart account
for ordinary transfer transaction, that is to call "normal account", the required gas is fixed 21000
when calling "smart account", because the complexity of smart contract is different, the required gas is also different. The more resources (computation, memory, etc.) used to process transactions, the more gas will be needed. For example, an addition operation will consume 3gas. If more complex operations are performed, the more gas will be consumed
then you may ask a question: when a user's transaction involves a malicious smart contract, the contract is extremely complex, and the execution of the contract will consume unlimited fuel, what should we do? The solution of Ethereum system is: in order to avoid unlimited gas consumption caused by malicious
smart contract, the user needs to set the maximum allowable fuel consumption when sending the transaction, namely
gaslimit. In this way, even if there is a malicious smart contract, the worst case is only within the fuel consumption range specified by gaslimit
What is the relationship between Ethereum gas and transaction feeson Ethereum, the service charge you pay is equal to gasprice times gasused
you can understand gasprice as the unit price of fuel and gasused as how many liters of fuel the car needs
for a car, if you say 20 yuan per liter of gasoline, 10000 liters of gasoline is 200000 yuan. For Ethereum, each
gas is 20 gigabytes (gigabytes is the unit of quantity of Ethereum currency), and 10000 gas is: 20 times 10000 equals 200000 gigabytes, 20000 gigabytes equals 0.0002 Ethereum, that is to say, the transaction procere is 0.0002 Ethereum
the specific exchange value is shown in the following table:
for specific exchange rate query, you can check the following website:
for details https://jin10086.github.io/etherconVerter/
both gas price and ether price are freely regulated by the market, but they are different in that the price of ether fluctuates according to the market situation, while the price of gas is determined by miners, If the price of fuel falls below the miners' minimum requirements, the miners refuse to process the deal. The separation of gas and Ethereum can protect the system from the possible fluctuation with the rapid change of Ethereum price
generally speaking, most miners will choose to give priority to their interests. When dealing with the transaction, they will arrange according to the gas price from high to low, and give priority to those with high gas price. If you are in a hurry to trade, you need to raise the gas price so that the miners can see you earlier; If you are not in a hurry, you just need to set a gas price, which is above the bottom line of gas price set by miners
How is gas obtainedin fact, gas is the ether coin purchased from the miner. The ether coin in the user's own account can purchase gas from the miner, and the Ethereum client will automatically purchase gas with Ethereum according to the specified maximum transaction expenditure limit
Where did gas go in the endfor each transaction, the initiator of the transaction must set the gas limit and gas price. Different operations will proce different gas costs. When the gas is used up, the miner will stop executing, and the gas used will be used as a reward to the miner. This will involve several situations:
the first situation is that if there is a surplus gas, the miner will stop executing, Then the remaining gas will be returned to the transaction initiator or the creator of the smart contract. For example, if I send an Ethereum to Yiyi, the gas limit I set is 50000, and the gas normally consumed is 21000, then the remaining 29000 that has not been consumed will be returned to me
in the second case, if the gas limit I set is too low, or the Ethereum in my account is not enough to pay for my gas consumption, then the transaction will be cancelled e to insufficient gas, and the gas used for calculation will not be returned to my account
in the third case, if the transaction fails, I have to pay the handling charge for the occupied computing resources
How to set a reasonable gas pricebefore each transaction, you can query this website to confirm the gas price to be set: https://ethGasstation.info/ To sum up, in this article, we mainly introce the gas and service charge of Ethereum: gas is equivalent to fuel oil. When you process transactions on Ethereum virtual machine, you will consume computing resources, that is, gas. On Ethereum, the service charge you pay is equal to gasprice multiplied by gasused, that is, the unit price of gas multiplied by the total amount of gas consumed. The complexity of the operation is different, and the cost of gas is also different. When the gas is used up, the miner will stop executing, and the gas used will be used as a reward to the miner. The miner will give priority to the trader with higher gas price
Percy Jackson is an ordinary 12-year-old boy who was diagnosed with dyslexia and hyperactivity disorder. During a field trip organized by the school, he was interviewed by his algebra teacher; Specific function & quot; Scared me. After that, Percy Jackson found that he was not an ordinary person, but a mythical figure and a descendant of human beings< After discovering the mystery of his life, Percy Jackson was sent to a special school. The children studying in this school are the offspring of many mythical characters. When Percy Jackson came to school, Poseidon immediately declared Jackson his own child. In this school, Percy Jackson met two good friends. One is the beautiful Annabeth chase, the descendant of Athena, the goddess of wisdom and skill; The other is Grover Underwood, a descendant of orcs. Not long in the school, Percy Jackson was accused by the gods of stealing the thunder rod of Zeus. Percy Jackson is required to hand over his thunder wand within 10 days, otherwise, his mother will be killed by these gods, and the war between the gods is inevitable...
there is still one minute left: three discriminated high school students have invented a time machine that allows them to go back in time and change their social status, And help other unfairly treated children to avoid the humiliation of discrimination in high school
twilight 2, new moon and 1 are about vampires. Bella (Kristen Stewart) is 18 years old and her father gives her a gift. Edward (Robert Pattinson) shows her love generously and tells her the legend of the Italian vampire king. Edward's red haired sister Alice (Ashley Greene, Ashley Greene) holds a birthday party specially for Bella. During the party, Bella accidentally cuts her arm and is attacked by Gaspar. Only with Edward's protection can she escape. However, since then, Edward graally alienated Bella and proposed to break up. This makes Bella cold, but Edward also has difficulties, still secretly protect Bella. Bella is in the empty window period, and her old friend Jacob (Taylor Lautner) makes a warm call, which makes their relationship warm up. Since then, Bella because of the cliff rescue, just know that Jacob is a werewolf, specialized in dealing with vampires. At the same time, Edward, who didn't know about it, thought Bella had committed suicide and was disheartened. He came to Italy to ask the royal family to end his life...
bloodthirsty daybreak, I think the ending is a little ironic
2012 is also very good, and the fantasy show of Arthur and his mini kingdom is also very good
in today's mobile payment era, few people will use coins for payment . A lot of people, they think that mobile payment is more convenient, if you carry RMB, it will be very troublesome, so now less and less people use paper money to pay. In fact, the process of making paper money is also very complicated. The materials used to make coins are different metals. Compared with those rare metals, low-cost metals are more suitable for making coins
< / blockquote >and those rare metals, such as gold or silver, are suitable for making commemorative coins with collection value . In many countries, some of their currencies are made of alloy, because it is a very ideal material for coinage, and the hardness is improved by mixing with other metals. At the beginning of making coins, we should choose the materials and put the selected metals in the furnace for casting and melting. After many times of rolling in the rolling workshop, the thickness of the coin can meet the requirements of coins, and it can be made into semi-finished procts for further processing{ RRRRR}
with the progress of science and technology, now many mold making machines have become engraving machines for casting to replace the previous manual process . It can improve the accuracy to a certain extent. It used to take a whole day to manufacture, but now it can complete the remanufacturing of the mold within a few hours. After that, it can be pressed on the coin, and the coin will become the currency in circulation