Can ITC exchange for Ethereum
Publish: 2021-04-29 00:04:13
1. Have you confirmed your fire currency to Jiejue
I had a similar problem when I went from okex to HTC yesterday
I had a similar problem when I went from okex to HTC yesterday
2. ITC, you can change the bank card. It's very troublesome
3. It's ok if the owner agrees not to cancel
4. It can't be swiped unless you go to get an etc card and go directly to the etc channel
5. Q: What is ICT testing technology? What does ICT test technology mean<
ICT is the abbreviation of in circuit tester, and its Chinese name is online tester. It is an automatic circuit board testing instrument, also known as static tester (because it only inputs a small voltage or current to test, it will not damage the circuit board). It can measure the quality of the circuit board in a few seconds, and point out which area and which part is bad. Check out the bad factors of your company's procts in the proction line, such as tin bridge, wrong parts, reverse insertion and so on, greatly improving the efficiency and quality You don't need to work hard for a long time any more, and use oscilloscope and multimeter to find out where the fault is...)
on line test, ICT and in circuit test is a standard test method to check the manufacturing defects and poor components by testing the electrical performance and electrical connection of on-line components. It mainly checks the on-line single components and the open and short circuit of each circuit network. It has the characteristics of simple operation, fast and accurate fault location<
the flying needle ICT basically only carries out static test, the advantage is that it does not need to make fixture, and the program development time is short
needle bed ICT can test the function of analog devices and logic function of digital devices with high fault coverage. However, it is necessary to make a special needle bed fixture for each single board, and the fixture manufacturing and program development cycle is long<
scope and characteristics of ICT
check the electrical performance of on-line components on the board and the connection of circuit network. It can measure the resistance, capacitance, inctance, crystal oscillator and other devices quantitatively, test the function of diodes, triodes, optical couplers, transformers, relays, operational amplifiers, power supply moles, etc., and test the function of small and medium-sized integrated circuits, such as all 74 series, memory class, common driver class, switching class IC
it can directly test the electrical performance of on-line devices to find the defects of manufacturing process and components. The component class can check the out of tolerance, failure or damage of the component value, and the program error of the memory class. For the process class, such as solder short circuit, component insert wrong, reverse, missing, pin warping, false soldering, PCB short circuit, broken wire and other faults can be found
the fault is directly located on the specific components, device pins and network points, and the fault location is accurate. It doesn't need much professional knowledge to repair the fault. The automatic test controlled by program is easy to operate and fast. The test time of single board is usually several seconds to dozens of seconds< The advantages of ICT compared with manual test
1. Shorten the test time: generally, it takes about 3-4 seconds to assemble a circuit board with about 300 parts
2. Consistency of test results: the quality setting function of ICT can be controlled by computer to strictly control the quality< It is easy to repair defective procts: ICT has a variety of testing technologies, high reliability, and can detect defective procts accurately
4. The demand for testers and technicians is reced: as long as ordinary operators can operate and maintain
5. Rece inventory, spare frequency, maintain inventory pressure, and greatly improve the proction yield
6. Greatly improve the quality. Rece the defective rate of procts and improve the corporate image<
ICT mainly tests the open and short circuit, resistance, capacitance, inctance, diode, triode, transistor, IC and other components of circuit board
in the early days, ate equipment was also classified as ICT in the instry. However, ate testing is relatively complex, and it also includes functional testing after power on, such as TTL, opamp, frequency, tree, bscan, memory, etc., so ate is separated into another category<
basically, the large-scale circuit manufacturers they are in need of ICT testing, such as ASUS, Dell, IBM, Intel, BenQ, MSI, HP, etc<
Agilent is the largest manufacturer of ICT test equipment in the world, and other manufacturers include tri, tirida, Xinghe, etc.
online test is usually the first test process in proction, which can timely reflect the proction and manufacturing status, and is concive to process improvement and upgrading. ICT tested fault board, because of accurate fault location, easy maintenance, can greatly improve proction efficiency and rece maintenance costs. Because of its specific test items, it is one of the important test means to ensure the quality of modern mass proction<
brief introction of ICT test theory
1.1 simulator test
operational amplifier test. The concept of "Virtual Earth" from "a" point is as follows:
∵ IX = Iref
; RX = vs / V0 * rref
vs and rref are excitation signal source and instrument calculation resistance respectively. If V0 is measured, RX can be calculated
If Rx to be measured is capacitance or inctance, then v s AC signal source and Rx is impedance form, C or l can also be obtained
1.2 guarding
the above test method is for independent devices, but in the actual circuit, the devices are connected and interact with each other, so that ix్ref must be isolated ring the test. Isolation is the basic technology of online testing
in the upper circuit, because of the connection shunt of R1 and R2, the equation ix్ref, RX = vs / V0 * rref does not hold. When testing, as long as G and F are at the same potential and no current flows through R2, the equation of IX = Iref and Rx remains unchanged. If point G is grounded, because point F is virtually grounded and two points have equal potentials, isolation can be realized. In practice, G and F are equipotential through an isolated operational amplifier. The ICT tester can provide many isolation points to eliminate the influence of peripheral circuits on the test<
1.2 IC test
for Digital IC, vector test is used. Vector test is similar to the truth table measurement, which stimulates the input vector and measures the output vector, and judges the quality of the device through the actual logic function test
for example: NAND gate test
for Analog IC test, the voltage and current can be excited according to the actual function of IC, and the corresponding output can be measured as function block test<
2 non vector test
with the development of modern manufacturing technology and the use of VLSI, it often takes a lot of time to write vector test program for devices, such as 80386, which takes a skilled programmer nearly half a year. With the extensive application of SMT devices, the phenomenon of open circuit of device pins becomes more prominent. For this reason, Teradyne launched Multiscan; GenRad's Xpress non vector test technology<
2.1 deltascan analog junction test technology
deltascan uses the ESD protection or parasitic diode of almost all digital device pins and most mixed signal device pins to conct simple DC current test on the independent pin pairs of the device under test. When the power supply of a board is cut off, the equivalent circuit of any two pins on the device is shown in the figure below
1 when a negative voltage is applied to pin a, the current ia flows through the positive bias diode of pin a. Measure the current ia flowing through pin a
2 keep the voltage of pin a, add a higher negative voltage to pin B, and the current IB flows through the positive bias diode of pin B. Due to the current sharing in the common substrate resistance from pin a and pin B to ground, the current IA is reced
3 measure the current ia flowing through pin a again. If ia does not change (delta) when the voltage is applied to pin B, there must be a connection problem
deltascan software synthesizes the test results obtained from many possible pin pairs on the device, so as to obtain accurate fault diagnosis. Signal pins, power and ground pins, and substrates all participate in the deltascan test, which means that in addition to pin disconnection, deltascan also detect manufacturing faults such as device missing, reverse insertion, and wire disconnection
the GenRad class test is called junction express. It also uses the diode characteristics in the IC, but the test is realized by measuring the frequency spectrum characteristics (second harmonic) of the diode
deltascan technology has become the first technology without additional fixture hardware<
2.2 framescan capacitance coupling test
framescan uses capacitance coupling to detect pin disconnection. There is a capacitive probe on each device. The signal is excited at a pin and picked up by the capacitive probe. As shown in the figure:
1 the multi-channel switch board on the fixture selects the capacitive probe on a device
2 the analog test board (ATB) in the tester sends AC signals to each pin in turn
3 the capacitive probe collects and buffers the AC signal on the measured pin
4 ATB measures the AC signal picked up by the capacitive probe. If the connection between a pin and the circuit board is correct, the signal will be measured; If the pin is detached, there will be no signal
GenRad type technology is called open express. The principle is similar
this technology fixture needs sensors and other hardware, and the test cost is slightly higher
3 boundary scan technology
ICT tester requires each circuit node to have at least one test point. However, with the increase of device integration, more and more functions, smaller and smaller packages, the increase of SMT components, the use of multi-layer boards, and the increase of PCB component density, it becomes very difficult to place a probe at each node. In order to increase the test points, the manufacturing cost will increase; At the same time, it is difficult to develop a test library of powerful devices, and the development cycle is prolonged. For this reason, JTAG issued ieee1149.1 test standard< Ieee1149.1 defines several important characteristics of a scanning device. Firstly, four (five) pins of tap are defined: TDI, TDO, TCK, TMS, (trst). TMS is used to load control information; Secondly, several different test modes supported by TAP controller are defined, including external test, internal test and runtest; Finally, boundary scan description language (BSDL) is proposed to describe the important information of scanning devices. It defines pins as input, output and bidirectional types, and defines the mode and instruction set of tap
each pin of the device with boundary scan is connected with a unit of serial shift register (SSR), which is called scan unit. The scan unit is connected together to form a shift register chain to control and detect the pins of the device. Its specific four pins are used to complete the test task
the scanning chains of multiple scanning devices are connected together through their taps to form a continuous boundary register chain. Adding tap signal at the head of the chain can control and detect the pins of all devices connected with the chain. This virtual contact replaces the physical contact of the pinbed fixture to each pin of the device, virtual access replaces the actual physical access, removes a large number of test pads that occupy PCB space, and reces the manufacturing cost of PCB and fixture
as a test strategy, in the design for testability of PCB, special software can be used to analyze circuit dots and devices with scanning function, so as to determine how to place a limited number of test points effectively without recing the test coverage, and rece the test points and test pins most economically
boundary scan technology
ICT is the abbreviation of in circuit tester, and its Chinese name is online tester. It is an automatic circuit board testing instrument, also known as static tester (because it only inputs a small voltage or current to test, it will not damage the circuit board). It can measure the quality of the circuit board in a few seconds, and point out which area and which part is bad. Check out the bad factors of your company's procts in the proction line, such as tin bridge, wrong parts, reverse insertion and so on, greatly improving the efficiency and quality You don't need to work hard for a long time any more, and use oscilloscope and multimeter to find out where the fault is...)
on line test, ICT and in circuit test is a standard test method to check the manufacturing defects and poor components by testing the electrical performance and electrical connection of on-line components. It mainly checks the on-line single components and the open and short circuit of each circuit network. It has the characteristics of simple operation, fast and accurate fault location<
the flying needle ICT basically only carries out static test, the advantage is that it does not need to make fixture, and the program development time is short
needle bed ICT can test the function of analog devices and logic function of digital devices with high fault coverage. However, it is necessary to make a special needle bed fixture for each single board, and the fixture manufacturing and program development cycle is long<
scope and characteristics of ICT
check the electrical performance of on-line components on the board and the connection of circuit network. It can measure the resistance, capacitance, inctance, crystal oscillator and other devices quantitatively, test the function of diodes, triodes, optical couplers, transformers, relays, operational amplifiers, power supply moles, etc., and test the function of small and medium-sized integrated circuits, such as all 74 series, memory class, common driver class, switching class IC
it can directly test the electrical performance of on-line devices to find the defects of manufacturing process and components. The component class can check the out of tolerance, failure or damage of the component value, and the program error of the memory class. For the process class, such as solder short circuit, component insert wrong, reverse, missing, pin warping, false soldering, PCB short circuit, broken wire and other faults can be found
the fault is directly located on the specific components, device pins and network points, and the fault location is accurate. It doesn't need much professional knowledge to repair the fault. The automatic test controlled by program is easy to operate and fast. The test time of single board is usually several seconds to dozens of seconds< The advantages of ICT compared with manual test
1. Shorten the test time: generally, it takes about 3-4 seconds to assemble a circuit board with about 300 parts
2. Consistency of test results: the quality setting function of ICT can be controlled by computer to strictly control the quality< It is easy to repair defective procts: ICT has a variety of testing technologies, high reliability, and can detect defective procts accurately
4. The demand for testers and technicians is reced: as long as ordinary operators can operate and maintain
5. Rece inventory, spare frequency, maintain inventory pressure, and greatly improve the proction yield
6. Greatly improve the quality. Rece the defective rate of procts and improve the corporate image<
ICT mainly tests the open and short circuit, resistance, capacitance, inctance, diode, triode, transistor, IC and other components of circuit board
in the early days, ate equipment was also classified as ICT in the instry. However, ate testing is relatively complex, and it also includes functional testing after power on, such as TTL, opamp, frequency, tree, bscan, memory, etc., so ate is separated into another category<
basically, the large-scale circuit manufacturers they are in need of ICT testing, such as ASUS, Dell, IBM, Intel, BenQ, MSI, HP, etc<
Agilent is the largest manufacturer of ICT test equipment in the world, and other manufacturers include tri, tirida, Xinghe, etc.
online test is usually the first test process in proction, which can timely reflect the proction and manufacturing status, and is concive to process improvement and upgrading. ICT tested fault board, because of accurate fault location, easy maintenance, can greatly improve proction efficiency and rece maintenance costs. Because of its specific test items, it is one of the important test means to ensure the quality of modern mass proction<
brief introction of ICT test theory
1.1 simulator test
operational amplifier test. The concept of "Virtual Earth" from "a" point is as follows:
∵ IX = Iref
; RX = vs / V0 * rref
vs and rref are excitation signal source and instrument calculation resistance respectively. If V0 is measured, RX can be calculated
If Rx to be measured is capacitance or inctance, then v s AC signal source and Rx is impedance form, C or l can also be obtained
1.2 guarding
the above test method is for independent devices, but in the actual circuit, the devices are connected and interact with each other, so that ix్ref must be isolated ring the test. Isolation is the basic technology of online testing
in the upper circuit, because of the connection shunt of R1 and R2, the equation ix్ref, RX = vs / V0 * rref does not hold. When testing, as long as G and F are at the same potential and no current flows through R2, the equation of IX = Iref and Rx remains unchanged. If point G is grounded, because point F is virtually grounded and two points have equal potentials, isolation can be realized. In practice, G and F are equipotential through an isolated operational amplifier. The ICT tester can provide many isolation points to eliminate the influence of peripheral circuits on the test<
1.2 IC test
for Digital IC, vector test is used. Vector test is similar to the truth table measurement, which stimulates the input vector and measures the output vector, and judges the quality of the device through the actual logic function test
for example: NAND gate test
for Analog IC test, the voltage and current can be excited according to the actual function of IC, and the corresponding output can be measured as function block test<
2 non vector test
with the development of modern manufacturing technology and the use of VLSI, it often takes a lot of time to write vector test program for devices, such as 80386, which takes a skilled programmer nearly half a year. With the extensive application of SMT devices, the phenomenon of open circuit of device pins becomes more prominent. For this reason, Teradyne launched Multiscan; GenRad's Xpress non vector test technology<
2.1 deltascan analog junction test technology
deltascan uses the ESD protection or parasitic diode of almost all digital device pins and most mixed signal device pins to conct simple DC current test on the independent pin pairs of the device under test. When the power supply of a board is cut off, the equivalent circuit of any two pins on the device is shown in the figure below
1 when a negative voltage is applied to pin a, the current ia flows through the positive bias diode of pin a. Measure the current ia flowing through pin a
2 keep the voltage of pin a, add a higher negative voltage to pin B, and the current IB flows through the positive bias diode of pin B. Due to the current sharing in the common substrate resistance from pin a and pin B to ground, the current IA is reced
3 measure the current ia flowing through pin a again. If ia does not change (delta) when the voltage is applied to pin B, there must be a connection problem
deltascan software synthesizes the test results obtained from many possible pin pairs on the device, so as to obtain accurate fault diagnosis. Signal pins, power and ground pins, and substrates all participate in the deltascan test, which means that in addition to pin disconnection, deltascan also detect manufacturing faults such as device missing, reverse insertion, and wire disconnection
the GenRad class test is called junction express. It also uses the diode characteristics in the IC, but the test is realized by measuring the frequency spectrum characteristics (second harmonic) of the diode
deltascan technology has become the first technology without additional fixture hardware<
2.2 framescan capacitance coupling test
framescan uses capacitance coupling to detect pin disconnection. There is a capacitive probe on each device. The signal is excited at a pin and picked up by the capacitive probe. As shown in the figure:
1 the multi-channel switch board on the fixture selects the capacitive probe on a device
2 the analog test board (ATB) in the tester sends AC signals to each pin in turn
3 the capacitive probe collects and buffers the AC signal on the measured pin
4 ATB measures the AC signal picked up by the capacitive probe. If the connection between a pin and the circuit board is correct, the signal will be measured; If the pin is detached, there will be no signal
GenRad type technology is called open express. The principle is similar
this technology fixture needs sensors and other hardware, and the test cost is slightly higher
3 boundary scan technology
ICT tester requires each circuit node to have at least one test point. However, with the increase of device integration, more and more functions, smaller and smaller packages, the increase of SMT components, the use of multi-layer boards, and the increase of PCB component density, it becomes very difficult to place a probe at each node. In order to increase the test points, the manufacturing cost will increase; At the same time, it is difficult to develop a test library of powerful devices, and the development cycle is prolonged. For this reason, JTAG issued ieee1149.1 test standard< Ieee1149.1 defines several important characteristics of a scanning device. Firstly, four (five) pins of tap are defined: TDI, TDO, TCK, TMS, (trst). TMS is used to load control information; Secondly, several different test modes supported by TAP controller are defined, including external test, internal test and runtest; Finally, boundary scan description language (BSDL) is proposed to describe the important information of scanning devices. It defines pins as input, output and bidirectional types, and defines the mode and instruction set of tap
each pin of the device with boundary scan is connected with a unit of serial shift register (SSR), which is called scan unit. The scan unit is connected together to form a shift register chain to control and detect the pins of the device. Its specific four pins are used to complete the test task
the scanning chains of multiple scanning devices are connected together through their taps to form a continuous boundary register chain. Adding tap signal at the head of the chain can control and detect the pins of all devices connected with the chain. This virtual contact replaces the physical contact of the pinbed fixture to each pin of the device, virtual access replaces the actual physical access, removes a large number of test pads that occupy PCB space, and reces the manufacturing cost of PCB and fixture
as a test strategy, in the design for testability of PCB, special software can be used to analyze circuit dots and devices with scanning function, so as to determine how to place a limited number of test points effectively without recing the test coverage, and rece the test points and test pins most economically
boundary scan technology
6. The total number of jsitc trademark applications is 1
of which 0 has been successfully registered, 1 is under application, 0 is invalid registered and 0 is on sale< According to the statistics of Bajie intellectual property rights, jsitc can also register the following trademark classifications:
category 1 (chemical agents, fertilizers)
category 2 (pigments, paints, dyes, anti-corrosion procts)
Category 3 (daily chemical procts, washing and care, spices)
category 4 (energy, fuel, grease)
category 5 (drugs, health procts, nutrition)
category 6 (metal procts Metal building materials, metal materials)
class 7 (mechanical equipment, motor, transmission)
class 8 (hand tools (small), tableware, cold weapons)
class 9 (scientific instruments, electronic procts, security equipment)
class 10 (medical devices, medical supplies, alt supplies)
class 11 (lighting and sanitary ware, cold and hot equipment, electronic equipment, security equipment)
class 10 (medical devices, medical supplies, alt supplies)
class 11 (lighting and sanitary ware, cold and hot equipment Disinfection and purification)
twelfth category (transport tools, carrier parts)
thirteenth categories (arms, pyrotechnics, personal protective spray)
fourteenth category (jewelry, precious metals, Zhong Biao)
fifteenth class (musical instruments, instrumental accessories and accessories)
sixteenth categories (paper, office supplies, stationery teaching aids)
seventeenth category (rubber procts, Insulation and sound insulation materials)
class 18 (bags, leather goods, umbrellas)
class 19 (non-metallic building materials)
class 20 (furniture, furniture parts, cushions)
class 21 (kitchen appliances, household utensils, washing appliances)
class 22 (ropes, awnings, bags)
class 23 (yarn, thread, silk)
class 24 (textiles, bedclothes Towel)
class 25 (clothing, shoes and hats, socks and gloves)
class 26 (accessories, wigs, buttons and zippers)
class 27 (carpet, mat, wallpaper)
class 28 (toys, sports fitness equipment, fishing tackle)
class 29 (cooked food, meat, eggs and milk, cooking oil)
class 30 (pastry, condiments, drinks)
class 31 (fresh, animals and plants Feed seeds)
class 32 (beer, non-alcoholic drinks)
class 33 (wine, alcoholic drinks)
class 34 (tobacco, smoking sets)
class 35 (advertising, business management, marketing)
class 37 (construction, interior decoration, repair and maintenance)
class 38 (telecommunications, communication services)
class 39 (transportation and storage, energy distribution Travel services)
category 40 (material processing, printing, sewage treatment)
category 41 (ecation and training, sports activities, entertainment services)
category 42 (R & D quality control, it services, architectural consulting)
category 43 (catering and accommodation, nursing for the aged, animal accommodation)
category 44 (medical treatment, beauty, gardening)
category 45 (security law, wedding and housekeeping Social services)
of which 0 has been successfully registered, 1 is under application, 0 is invalid registered and 0 is on sale< According to the statistics of Bajie intellectual property rights, jsitc can also register the following trademark classifications:
category 1 (chemical agents, fertilizers)
category 2 (pigments, paints, dyes, anti-corrosion procts)
Category 3 (daily chemical procts, washing and care, spices)
category 4 (energy, fuel, grease)
category 5 (drugs, health procts, nutrition)
category 6 (metal procts Metal building materials, metal materials)
class 7 (mechanical equipment, motor, transmission)
class 8 (hand tools (small), tableware, cold weapons)
class 9 (scientific instruments, electronic procts, security equipment)
class 10 (medical devices, medical supplies, alt supplies)
class 11 (lighting and sanitary ware, cold and hot equipment, electronic equipment, security equipment)
class 10 (medical devices, medical supplies, alt supplies)
class 11 (lighting and sanitary ware, cold and hot equipment Disinfection and purification)
twelfth category (transport tools, carrier parts)
thirteenth categories (arms, pyrotechnics, personal protective spray)
fourteenth category (jewelry, precious metals, Zhong Biao)
fifteenth class (musical instruments, instrumental accessories and accessories)
sixteenth categories (paper, office supplies, stationery teaching aids)
seventeenth category (rubber procts, Insulation and sound insulation materials)
class 18 (bags, leather goods, umbrellas)
class 19 (non-metallic building materials)
class 20 (furniture, furniture parts, cushions)
class 21 (kitchen appliances, household utensils, washing appliances)
class 22 (ropes, awnings, bags)
class 23 (yarn, thread, silk)
class 24 (textiles, bedclothes Towel)
class 25 (clothing, shoes and hats, socks and gloves)
class 26 (accessories, wigs, buttons and zippers)
class 27 (carpet, mat, wallpaper)
class 28 (toys, sports fitness equipment, fishing tackle)
class 29 (cooked food, meat, eggs and milk, cooking oil)
class 30 (pastry, condiments, drinks)
class 31 (fresh, animals and plants Feed seeds)
class 32 (beer, non-alcoholic drinks)
class 33 (wine, alcoholic drinks)
class 34 (tobacco, smoking sets)
class 35 (advertising, business management, marketing)
class 37 (construction, interior decoration, repair and maintenance)
class 38 (telecommunications, communication services)
class 39 (transportation and storage, energy distribution Travel services)
category 40 (material processing, printing, sewage treatment)
category 41 (ecation and training, sports activities, entertainment services)
category 42 (R & D quality control, it services, architectural consulting)
category 43 (catering and accommodation, nursing for the aged, animal accommodation)
category 44 (medical treatment, beauty, gardening)
category 45 (security law, wedding and housekeeping Social services)
7. The total number of itcco trademark applications is 1
of which 0 has been successfully registered, 1 is under application, 0 is invalid registered and 0 is on sale< According to the statistics of Bajie intellectual property rights, itcco can also register the following trademark classifications:
category 1 (chemical agents and fertilizers)
category 2 (pigments, paints, dyes and anti-corrosion procts)
Category 3 (daily chemical procts, washing and care, spices)
category 4 (energy, fuel and grease)
category 5 (drugs, sanitary procts and nutritious procts)
category 6 (metal procts Metal building materials, metal materials)
class 7 (mechanical equipment, motor, transmission)
class 8 (hand tools (small), tableware, cold weapons)
class 9 (scientific instruments, electronic procts, security equipment)
class 10 (medical devices, medical supplies, alt supplies)
class 11 (lighting and sanitary ware, cold and hot equipment, electronic equipment, security equipment)
class 10 (medical devices, medical supplies, alt supplies)
class 11 (lighting and sanitary ware, cold and hot equipment Disinfection and purification)
twelfth category (transport tools, carrier parts)
thirteenth categories (arms, pyrotechnics, personal protective spray)
fourteenth category (jewelry, precious metals, Zhong Biao)
fifteenth class (musical instruments, instrumental accessories and accessories)
sixteenth categories (paper, office supplies, stationery teaching aids)
seventeenth category (rubber procts, Insulation and sound insulation materials)
class 18 (bags, leather goods, umbrellas)
class 19 (non-metallic building materials)
class 20 (furniture, furniture parts, cushions)
class 21 (kitchen appliances, household utensils, washing appliances)
class 22 (ropes, awnings, bags)
class 23 (yarn, thread, silk)
class 24 (textiles, bedclothes Towel)
class 25 (clothing, shoes and hats, socks and gloves)
class 26 (accessories, wigs, buttons and zippers)
class 27 (carpet, mat, wallpaper)
class 28 (toys, sports fitness equipment, fishing tackle)
class 29 (cooked food, meat, eggs and milk, cooking oil)
class 30 (pastry, condiments, drinks)
class 31 (fresh, animals and plants Feed seeds)
category 32 (beer, non-alcoholic drinks)
category 33 (wine, alcoholic drinks)
category 34 (tobacco, smoking sets)
category 36 (financial affairs, real estate management, pawn guarantee)
category 37 (Construction, interior decoration, repair and maintenance)
category 38 (telecommunication and communication services)
category 39 (transportation and storage, energy distribution, energy distribution, etc.) Travel services)
category 40 (material processing, printing, sewage treatment)
category 41 (ecation and training, sports activities, entertainment services)
category 42 (R & D quality control, it services, architectural consulting)
category 43 (catering and accommodation, nursing for the aged, animal accommodation)
category 44 (medical treatment, beauty, gardening)
category 45 (security law, wedding and housekeeping Social services)
of which 0 has been successfully registered, 1 is under application, 0 is invalid registered and 0 is on sale< According to the statistics of Bajie intellectual property rights, itcco can also register the following trademark classifications:
category 1 (chemical agents and fertilizers)
category 2 (pigments, paints, dyes and anti-corrosion procts)
Category 3 (daily chemical procts, washing and care, spices)
category 4 (energy, fuel and grease)
category 5 (drugs, sanitary procts and nutritious procts)
category 6 (metal procts Metal building materials, metal materials)
class 7 (mechanical equipment, motor, transmission)
class 8 (hand tools (small), tableware, cold weapons)
class 9 (scientific instruments, electronic procts, security equipment)
class 10 (medical devices, medical supplies, alt supplies)
class 11 (lighting and sanitary ware, cold and hot equipment, electronic equipment, security equipment)
class 10 (medical devices, medical supplies, alt supplies)
class 11 (lighting and sanitary ware, cold and hot equipment Disinfection and purification)
twelfth category (transport tools, carrier parts)
thirteenth categories (arms, pyrotechnics, personal protective spray)
fourteenth category (jewelry, precious metals, Zhong Biao)
fifteenth class (musical instruments, instrumental accessories and accessories)
sixteenth categories (paper, office supplies, stationery teaching aids)
seventeenth category (rubber procts, Insulation and sound insulation materials)
class 18 (bags, leather goods, umbrellas)
class 19 (non-metallic building materials)
class 20 (furniture, furniture parts, cushions)
class 21 (kitchen appliances, household utensils, washing appliances)
class 22 (ropes, awnings, bags)
class 23 (yarn, thread, silk)
class 24 (textiles, bedclothes Towel)
class 25 (clothing, shoes and hats, socks and gloves)
class 26 (accessories, wigs, buttons and zippers)
class 27 (carpet, mat, wallpaper)
class 28 (toys, sports fitness equipment, fishing tackle)
class 29 (cooked food, meat, eggs and milk, cooking oil)
class 30 (pastry, condiments, drinks)
class 31 (fresh, animals and plants Feed seeds)
category 32 (beer, non-alcoholic drinks)
category 33 (wine, alcoholic drinks)
category 34 (tobacco, smoking sets)
category 36 (financial affairs, real estate management, pawn guarantee)
category 37 (Construction, interior decoration, repair and maintenance)
category 38 (telecommunication and communication services)
category 39 (transportation and storage, energy distribution, energy distribution, etc.) Travel services)
category 40 (material processing, printing, sewage treatment)
category 41 (ecation and training, sports activities, entertainment services)
category 42 (R & D quality control, it services, architectural consulting)
category 43 (catering and accommodation, nursing for the aged, animal accommodation)
category 44 (medical treatment, beauty, gardening)
category 45 (security law, wedding and housekeeping Social services)
8. Generally speaking, purchasing is a job with strong professional skills. CPM or CPIs can't help an uninitiated & quot; Novice & quot; To master or improve purchasing skills, there is no good teaching material to teach purchasing skills. CPM or CPIs will be helpful to purchasing manager or purchasing director
but to be a good purchasing manager or director, in addition to solid purchasing skills and management ability, the more important thing is Eq< br />
www.sourcingplatform.com
but to be a good purchasing manager or director, in addition to solid purchasing skills and management ability, the more important thing is Eq< br />
www.sourcingplatform.com
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