How to deal with accounts with virtual currency
debit: bank deposit - Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (foreign currency account)
Credit: accounts receivable
when foreign exchange has not been settled to RMB account, no entry is required
when settling foreign exchange to RMB account of CCB, the entry is:
debit: bank deposit - CCB (RMB account)
financial expenses - exchange gain and loss
Credit: bank deposit - Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation (foreign currency account)
2. Exchange gain and loss, also known as exchange difference, is the result of exchange rate fluctuation. When an enterprise concts foreign currency transaction, exchange business, final account adjustment and foreign currency statement conversion, the difference arising from accounting in different currencies or different exchange rates of the same currency and converted according to the recording currency
3. In short, exchange gain / loss refers to the difference in the amount of accounting base currency e to different exchange rates in the accounting process of various foreign currency transactions.
& quot; Bank deposits: US dollars; It refers to a detailed account of bank deposit, but it should be kept in the standard currency, so that amount is the RMB amount converted according to the exchange rate. Do you understand?
The exchange rate is 6.8415 (the exchange rate is calculated on April 15, 2019)
foreign exchange purchase entry:
debit: bank deposit --- US $684.15 (in China, it is stipulated that RMB is the legal accounting unit)
Credit: cash 684.15
generally speaking, the purchase of foreign currency needs to be included in the bank deposit. First of all, the purchase of foreign currency does enter the bank card. On the other hand, the bank deposit includes the enterprise's settlement account deposit, L / C deposit, L / C deposit Foreign deposits, etc
extended data:
bank deposit accounting
1; Bank deposit & quot; The debit of this account reflects the increase of enterprise deposit, the credit reflects the decrease of enterprise deposit, and the ending debit balance reflects the ending deposit balance of enterprise
enterprises should carry out accounting and management in strict accordance with the provisions of the system. Enterprises should deposit money in banks or other financial institutions and debit & quot; Bank deposit & quot; Account, credit & quot; Cash & quot; And other related subjects; Debit & quot; Cash & quot; And other related subjects, credit & quot; Bank deposit & quot; Subject
⒉" Bank deposit journal & quot; It should be set up separately according to the deposit bank, other financial institutions, deposit types, etc. the cashier should register one by one according to the receipt and payment voucher and the business development order, and the balance should be settled at the end of each day& quot; Bank deposit journal & quot; Regular contact with & quot; Bank statement & quot; Check, at least once a month
At the end of the month, if there is a difference between the enterprise's book balance and the bank statement balance, we must find out the reason one by one and deal with it; Balance of bank deposits;, The adjustment is consistent
inventory
e to the frequent purchase and sale business of enterprises, the amount of bank deposits also changes frequently. The enterprise should check the accounts with the bank in time. The specific method is to check the statements provided by the bank with the enterprise's bank deposit journal one by one. The balance of bank statement is often inconsistent with the balance of enterprise bank deposit journal. The reasons are as follows:
1. Bookkeeping error. If an enterprise or a bank opens an account in several banks at the same time, there may be a series of account errors between banks. Similarly, the bank may confuse the accounts of various deposit enterprises with each other
2. Outstanding accounts. Outstanding items refer to the items that one party has entered into the account and the other party has not entered into the account e to the different bookkeeping time between the enterprise and the bankdebit: bank deposit - US dollar account ××× USD) [market exchange rate or opening exchange rate of the day] × Foreign currency amount]
Loan: bank deposit (RMB account) [selling price of foreign currency on the day] × Foreign currency amount]
(1) accounting processing procere
the bank accounting processing procere includes all the processing processes of detailed accounting and comprehensive accounting systems, and the specific steps are as follows:
1. According to the economic business acceptance, filling in and auditing vouchers, and according to the accounting accounts involved in the business, determine the accounting entries
2. On the one hand, register the sub account (or register) one by one according to the subpoena, and register the cash income and payment diary if it involves cash receipt and payment; On the other hand, according to the voucher of the same account, the daily statement of accounts belonging to the comprehensive accounting system is compiled, and the debit and credit amounts of all accounts involved in the business on that day are flattened
3. Prepare balance table according to account by account
4. Register the general ledger according to the account daily statement
5. According to the general ledger, prepare a daily schele to balance the debit and credit balances of all accounts on that day.
1. Basic proceres of foreign currency transaction accounting. The foreign currency accounts that enterprises should set up mainly include foreign currency cash, foreign currency bank deposits and other monetary capital accounts, as well as accounts receivable, notes receivable, prepayments, short-term loans, long-term loans, accounts payable, notes payable, employee compensation payable, dividends payable, accounts receivable and other foreign currency accounts of creditor's rights and debts. Note that a foreign currency account can be set up for employee compensation payable, but a foreign currency account cannot be set up for tax payable. The accounts involved in foreign currency business accounting, such as raw materials, fixed assets and paid in capital, belong to non foreign currency accounts. The enterprise shall set up subsidiary accounts in the accounts involving foreign currency business according to the types of foreign currency to reflect the receipt, payment and balance of foreign currency accounts in detail
enterprises that are not allowed to open cash accounts can set up foreign currency accounts other than foreign currency cash and foreign currency bank deposits
secondly, for foreign currency transactions, enterprises should convert foreign currency amount into bookkeeping base currency amount. When foreign currency transactions are initially recognized, the amount of foreign currency shall be converted into the amount of functional currency at the spot exchange rate on the transaction date
the spot exchange rate usually refers to the middle rate of the RMB foreign exchange rate announced by the people's Bank of China on that day
foreign currency exchange business or transactions involving foreign currency exchange should be translated at the exchange rate actually adopted in the transaction, that is, the bank's buying price or selling price
the approximate exchange rate of spot exchange rate is determined according to the systematic and reasonable method, which is similar to the spot exchange rate on the transaction date, usually refers to the current average exchange rate or weighted average exchange rate, etc. Generally speaking, enterprises should adopt spot exchange rate for conversion. If the exchange rate does not fluctuate much, it can also be converted at the exchange rate which is determined according to the systematic and reasonable method and is similar to the spot exchange rate on the transaction date, but the approximate exchange rate of the current period shall be determined by the same method in the previous and subsequent periods< Thirdly, for the accounting treatment of exchange differences, the enterprise should deal with foreign currency monetary items and foreign currency non monetary items on the balance sheet date in accordance with the following provisions
(1) foreign currency monetary items
monetary items refer to the monetary funds held by the enterprise and the assets or liabilities to be paid in a fixed or determinable amount. Monetary items are divided into monetary assets and monetary liabilities. Monetary assets include cash, bank deposits, accounts receivable, other receivables and long-term receivables, while monetary liabilities include accounts payable, other receivables and long-term receivables. For foreign currency monetary items, the spot exchange rate on the balance sheet date shall be adopted for conversion. The exchange difference caused by exchange rate fluctuation shall be regarded as financial expenses and included in the current profits and losses. Meanwhile, the amount of bookkeeping base currency of foreign currency monetary items shall be increased or decreased. If it is necessary to make provision for impairment, the provision for impairment shall be made after conversion at the spot exchange rate on the balance sheet date< (2) foreign currency non monetary items
non monetary items are items other than monetary items, including inventory, long-term equity investment, fixed assets, intangible assets, paid in capital, capital reserve, etc
for foreign currency non monetary items measured at historical cost, except for the change of foreign currency value, they have been translated at the spot exchange rate on the transaction date, and the amount of original recording currency should not be changed on the balance sheet date, resulting in no exchange difference
for foreign currency non monetary items such as trading financial assets, if the change of fair value is included in the current profit and loss, the impact of the corresponding exchange rate change should also be included in the current profit and loss
2. Foreign currency exchange business
foreign currency exchange business includes selling foreign currency to banks, settling foreign exchange with banks, purchasing foreign exchange and converting one foreign currency into another
(1) the enterprise sells the foreign currency to the bank
the enterprise sells the foreign currency to the bank, and the bank cashes the RMB to the enterprise at the purchase price. The enterprise debits the "bank deposit (RMB account)" account according to the actual amount of RMB, and credits the "bank deposit (foreign currency account)" account according to the actual amount of foreign currency and the amount of RMB converted according to the conversion rate selected by the enterprise. The exchange gains and losses arising from the inconsistency between the bank's purchase price and the conversion rate are recorded in the "financial expenses" account
(2) purchase foreign exchange from banks
when an enterprise purchases foreign exchange from a bank, the bank charges the enterprise RMB at the selling price. The difference between the RMB amount actually paid by the enterprise and the RMB converted at the conversion rate selected by the enterprise shall be recorded in the financial expenses
3. Business of borrowing or lending foreign currency funds
when an enterprise borrows foreign currency funds, it will be translated into the bookkeeping base currency according to the market exchange rate at the time of borrowing, and the relevant foreign currency accounts will be registered according to the amount of foreign currency borrowed
4. Purchase or sale of goods or services priced in foreign currency
when an enterprise purchases or sells goods or services priced in foreign currency, it shall convert the foreign currency amount into the recording currency according to the conversion exchange rate selected by the enterprise. At the end of the period (at the end of the month, or at the end of the quarter, or at the end of the year), the balance of all foreign currency accounts is adjusted according to the market exchange rate at the end of the period, and the adjusted balance is recorded in the "financial expenses" account
5. Foreign currency invested capital
foreign currency invested capital is a non monetary item in foreign currency. When an enterprise receives foreign currency invested capital from an investor, it shall be converted at the spot exchange rate on the trading day, and shall not be converted at the approximate exchange rate between the exchange rate agreed in the contract and the spot exchange rate, There is no foreign currency capital translation difference between the foreign currency invested capital and the bookkeeping base currency amount of corresponding monetary items