The current defects of virtual currency

1.

Stupid tax

reason 1: the volatility of virtual currency is too large to become a trading means. The huge volatility problem is structural e to its fixed supply and unstable demand. The flaws in this design mean that it will not be a winner in the cryptocurrency war

reason 2: the energy consumption of virtual currency mining is a waste

reason 3: the security of virtual currency is weak, and quantum computing may make it worse

reason 4: the rise of virtual currency promotes illegal activities and redistributes wealth from the formal economy to the shadow economy. It's only a matter of time before the government gets involved

partial topic

My IQ ensures the safety of my basic property; My appearance further ensures the safety of my trip

2. Li, a Hefei native, spent 140000 yuan on 124 bitcoins in October this year. Afterwards, Li joined some chat groups of bitcoin players to pay close attention to the bitcoin market. On October 22, a person named Michael in the group took the initiative to chat with Li and asked him if he was mining“ I won't, and I won't get any money. " Mr. Li replied. Michael repeatedly urged Li to have a try and sent him a "mining tool", claiming that he could use the tool to dig more bitcoin. In the subsequent chat, Michael constantly reminds Li to put bitcoin in his wallet, saying that the trading website is not safe“ From time to time, there are news that trading websites are closing down and running away. What he said is quite reasonable, so I believe him. " Li told Anhui Business Daily
100 bitcoins disappeared
Li received and installed mining tools. On the evening of October 26, he was inced by Michael to put 100 bitcoins in his wallet. However, when the bitcoin in the E-wallet just reached 100, it suddenly disappeared. Li suddenly panic God, and then contact Michael, the convenience of invisible disappeared
Li told reporters that at present, a bitcoin costs about 5000 or 6000 yuan, and 100 bitcoins are worth 500000 or 600000 yuan. Afterwards, Li reported the case to the police. However, to Li's disappointment, because bitcoin is a virtual currency, there is no relevant domestic law to regulate and protect its transactions. The police did not file a case“ Now, this man named Michael is still active on the Internet. He's just taking advantage of the law. " Li told Anhui Business Daily
there is a Trojan horse in "mining tools"
How could Li's bitcoin disappear? 360 security engineer contacted him and tested Michael's "mining tool", and found that this tool is a very popular "bitcoin robber" Trojan horse this year. According to the analysis of 360 security center, most of the "bitcoin thieves" Trojans are disguised as mining tools, simplified wallets and other compressed files. Once a player is recruited, the Trojan will automatically search for bitcoin wallets and steal them through e-mail, hacker remote control and other means.

3. In addition to bitcoin, there are many other virtual currencies in the virtual world< Liteoin (LTC) was released on October 7, 2011, and is currently the most valuable counterfeit currency, accounting for about 2% of BTC's market value. The current unit price is US $2.31, with a total currency value of US $38 million

this is also a distributed (decentralized) digital currency. Unlike the sha256 mining algorithm used by bitcoin, LTC adopts scrypt algorithm. Scrypt algorithm uses sha256 as its subroutine, and scrypt itself needs a lot of memory. Each hash is used as the seed of the input, and then it needs a lot of memory to store another pseudo-random sequence to generate the pseudo-random points of the sequence and output the hash value. In the mining of BTC (bitcoin), it is not enough to rely on simple graphics card mining (it takes about ten to dozens of days to dig a BTC with general configuration graphics card). The emergence of various expensive mining machines has raised the threshold for ordinary people to get BTC through mining, while LTC has certain advantages in using PC graphics card mining This passage comes from Zhihu.)

compared with BTC, litecain has made a little improvement in technology. If BTC is gold now, LTC is silver for the time being

the biggest advantage of litecoin is that it can confirm the authenticity faster. The virtual currency is designed and maintained by Charles Lee. Bitcoin transactions need to be verified, and the average verification time is more than 10 minutes. Most transaction websites need 1 hour to verify. The average transaction confirmation time of liteoin is 2.5 minutes. Developers claim that shortening the verification time increases the practicability of virtual currency. The bitcoin mining efficiency of customized machine and AMD GPU is the highest, making it almost unprofitable for miners using CPU mining. Litecain's mining excludes GPUs and custom processors, so it doesn't rely too much on a small number of professional miners

ppcoin

ppcoin (PPC) was released on August 19, 2012, which has improved the original technology of BTC. Use proof of make and add the concept of coin age

ppcoin is a bifurcated project of bitcoin, which aims to achieve energy efficiency and maintain the best performance of the original bitcoin as far as possible. The unit price of ppcoin is US $0.22 and the total currency value is US $4 million

ppcoin does not have a fixed upper limit of money supply, but it does not mean that ppcoin has obvious inflation compared with bitcoin. Bitcoin can be compared to gold. The annual inflation rate of gold is about 1-3%. Although gold has no known upper limit of money supply, we still know that it is a reliable scarce commodity

ppcoin has two types of casting: work certificate and equity certificate. The coinage rate of working proof is affected by Moore's law, which depends on the doubling of our working proof ability. What we all know is that Moore's law will eventually come to an end. By then, the ppcoin of inflation may be close to the gold level. The annual maximum inflation rate of certificate of equity is 1%. At the same time, ppcoin's transaction costs were destroyed to fight inflation. So on the whole, the coin design of ppcoin is still a very low inflation design in the future, which can be comparable with bitcoin<

ppcoin's reward is similar to lottery, which will determine the winning probability according to the number of ppcoin held by miners. Sunny king, one of the founders, said that their design is based on a new concept of long-term energy efficiency

terracoin

terracoin (TRC) was released on October 26, 2012, with a total currency of 42 million. The speed of each block is 2 minutes, slightly faster than LTC. There is not much special in technology, similar to the proction of BTC halved every four years

however, the operation team seems to have a strong business background and may be better than other bitcoins in circulation. The development of virtual currency is getting more and more attention. Now some teams with business background will accelerate the development of virtual currency

namecoin

namecoin is a distributed domain name system based on bitcoin technology. Its principle is the same as bitcoin. The first release date of this open source software is April 18, 2011

namecoin is generated from an original block which is different from bitcoin's main trading block. It uses a new blockchain, which is independent of bitcoin's blockchain. Because it is based on bitcoin, the security, distribution, robustness, encryption and migration of domain names are guaranteed mathematically. You can dig bitcoin and namecoin at the same time

this project was discussed and proposed by bitdns, which is mainly dissatisfied with the defects of DNS. The only top-level domain name of namecoin is. Bit. It costs namecoin to register a. Bit domain name

in addition, Q currency, Shanda currency, starting point currency and various online game currencies are also virtual currencies.

4.

(1) Bitcoin was originally a kind of network virtual currency to buy real-life goods

(2) advantages:

< UL >

completely decentralized, without issuing institutions, it is impossible to manipulate the number of issues

anonymity, tax exemption and supervision free

robustness. Bitcoin is completely dependent on P2P network and has no distribution center, so it cannot be shut down externally

cross border

it's difficult for the cat to survive

< / UL >

(3) disadvantages:

< UL >

the vulnerability of trading platform

transaction confirmation takes a long time

the price fluctuates greatly

the public did not understand the principle, and the traditional financial practitioners resisted

5. Digital currency does not worry about counterfeit money. If it is paper money, it worries about counterfeit money. I don't worry. I didn't take any money with me.

6. Bitcoin (bitcoin: bitcoin) was originally a kind of network virtual currency, similar to Tencent's q-coin, but it has been able to buy real-life goods. It is characterized by decentralization, anonymity, and can only be used in the digital world. It does not belong to any country or financial institution, and is not subject to geographical restrictions. It can be exchanged anywhere in the world. Therefore, it is used as a money laundering tool by some criminals. In 2013, the U.S. government recognized the legal status of bitcoin, making the price of bitcoin soar. In China, on November 19, 2013, a bitcoin was equivalent to 6989 yuan

in 2009, Nakamoto designed a kind of digital currency, namely bitcoin. The booming bitcoin market has gone up and down, and the identity of its founder "Nakamoto" has always been a mystery. Rumors about "the father of bitcoin" involve from the US National Security Agency to financial experts, and also give bitcoin a mysterious aura

on January 7, 2014, Taobao announced that it would ban the sale of Internet virtual currencies such as bitcoin and lightcoin from January 14. On February 26, 2014, Democratic Senator Joe Manchin of West Virginia issued an open letter to a number of regulatory authorities of the federal government of the United States, hoping that relevant institutions would pay attention to the status quo of bitcoin encouraging illegal activities and disrupting the financial order, and demanded that actions be taken as soon as possible to completely ban the electronic currency. On January 11, 2017), the Shanghai headquarters of the people's Bank of China and the Shanghai Municipal Finance Office carried out on-site inspection of bitcoin China, focusing on whether the enterprise carried out credit, payment, exchange and other related businesses without permission or license; Implementation of anti money laundering system; Fund security risks, etc. On January 12, 2017, the business management department of the people's Bank of China also entered the trading platforms such as "fire coin net" and "currency bank" in Beijing
on May 12, 2017, a global outbreak of bitcoin virus madly attacked public and commercial systems! More than 40 hospitals across the UK have been widely hacked, leaving the NHS in chaos. The campus networks of many colleges and universities in China were also occupied. Nearly 74 countries in the world have been seriously attacked
currency characteristics

Decentralization: bitcoin is the first distributed virtual currency, and the whole network is composed of users without a central bank. Decentralization is the guarantee of bitcoin's security and freedom
Global Circulation: bitcoin can be managed on any computer connected to the Internet. No matter where you are, anyone can dig, buy, sell or collect bitcoin
exclusive ownership: the private key is required to manipulate bitcoin, which can be stored in any storage medium in isolation. No one can get it except the user himself
low transaction cost: bitcoin can be remitted free of charge, but a transaction fee of about 1 bitfen will be charged for each transaction to ensure faster transaction execution
no hidden cost: as a means of payment from a to B, bitcoin has no cumbersome quota and proceres. If you know the other party's bitcoin address, you can pay
cross platform Mining: users can explore the computing power of different hardware on many platforms
advantages
complete decentralization, without issuing institutions, it is impossible to manipulate the number of issues. Its distribution and circulation are realized through open-source P2P algorithm. Anonymity, tax exemption and supervision free. Robustness. Bitcoin is completely dependent on P2P network and has no distribution center, so it cannot be shut down externally. Bitcoin price may fluctuate and collapse, and many governments may declare it illegal, but bitcoin and its huge P2P network will not disappear

cross border. Cross border remittance will go through layers of exchange control agencies, and the transaction records will be recorded by many parties. But if you trade with bitcoin, enter the digital address directly, click the mouse and wait for the P2P network to confirm the transaction, a lot of money will pass. It does not go through any regulatory agencies and will not leave any cross-border transaction records. It's hard for a cat to survive. Because bitcoin algorithm is completely open source, anyone can download the source code, modify some parameters, recompile, and create a new P2P currency. But these counterfeit currencies are fragile and vulnerable to 51% attacks. Any indivial or organization, as long as it controls 51% of the computing power of a P2P currency network, can manipulate transactions and currency value at will, which will be a devastating blow to P2P currency. Many Shanzhai coins die in this link. The bitcoin network is robust enough. If you want to control 51% of the computing power of the bitcoin network, the number of CPUs / GPUs required will be astronomical
disadvantages
vulnerability of trading platform. The bitcoin network is robust, but the bitcoin trading platform is fragile. Trading platform is usually a website, which will be attacked by hackers or shut down by competent authorities. Transaction confirmation takes a long time. When bitcoin wallet is first installed, it will consume a lot of time to download historical transaction data blocks. While bitcoin transaction, in order to confirm the accuracy of data, it will take some time to interact with P2P network, and the transaction will be completed only after the whole network is confirmed

the price fluctuates greatly. Due to the intervention of a large number of speculators, the price of bitcoin for cash fluctuates like a roller coaster. Making bitcoin more suitable for speculation rather than anonymous trading. The public did not understand the principle, and the traditional financial practitioners resisted. Active netizens understand the principle of P2P network and know that bitcoin has no legal person to manipulate and control. But the public doesn't understand, and many people can't even tell the difference between bitcoin and q-coin“ "No issuer" is the advantage of bitcoin, but in the view of traditional financial practitioners, "no issuer" currency is worthless.

7. China's economy may encounter the biggest difficulties in the middle of next year, and the financial tsunami has landed in many countries around the world. Facing the possible economic recession, the world is taking measures to rescue the market. In the case of China's GDP growth rate of only 9% in the third quarter, what is the trend of China's economy in the future? I would like to make a few comments. The economic downturn is hard to reverse, according to data released by the National Bureau of statistics on the 20th, GDP in the first three quarters increased by 9.9% year-on-year, down 2.3 percentage points from the same period last year. On this basis, GDP growth in the third quarter is only 9%. So many people are worried about the trend of China's economy in the fourth quarter and 2009. In fact, the economic downturn has been quite serious. According to the earlier report, the growth rate of electricity consumption in September has dropped to 3%, and that from January to September has dropped to 9.9%. According to the empirical value, the economic growth rate corresponding to this level of electricity consumption should be at least below 9%. The main problem is the decline in the contribution of exports and investment, of which the contribution of exports decreased by 0.9 points. Now it seems that the economic downturn is intensifying, and it is difficult to judge when it will bottom out, because there is a risk of a hard landing for China's economy in the future. Once it happens, it may be a long time. There will be a lag period from the financial turmoil to the sharp decline of global aggregate demand, so the middle of next year will be a very difficult period. Four major factors affect the inflation pressure. Domestic CPI rose by 4.6% in September, 0.3 percentage point lower than last month; PPI rose 9.1%, down 1.0 percentage points from last month. What's the inflation situation in the fourth quarter and 2009 after the double falls of PPI and CPI? In fact, CPI decline is mainly e to the disappearance of tail factors, while PPI decline is mainly e to the recent sharp decline in the international commodity market. At present, the pressure of domestic inflation has eased, and inflation is expected to continue to fall in the fourth quarter, but there is great uncertainty about inflation in 2009{ This answer belongs to чī The unprecedented rescue plan of western countries is always the potential source of inflation in the medium and long term. From the domestic point of view, several factors should be noted: 1. Whether the prices of primary procts such as energy and grain will rise after shocks. If there is no new instrial bright spot in the U.S. economy, there are only three possible directions: consumer credit, emerging markets, energy and other resource markets. As a result, the commodity market rebounded, thus giving a new impetus to PPI. 2. The weakening of fiscal capacity will force the government to relax price control, thus releasing the long-standing inflationary pressure. 3. After the collapse of a large number of manufacturing enterprises, there will be new inflationary pressure on the supply side of manufactured goods. 4. The expansionary monetary policy and expansionary fiscal policy that have to be adopted will promote the price rise from the level of money supply. The biggest pressure on enterprises is the sharp drop in external demand. In the first three quarters, the added value of instries above designated size increased by 15.2% year-on-year, 3.3 percentage points lower than that in the same period of last year, including an increase of 11.4% in September. This data reflects the aggravation of the deterioration of the business situation of enterprises, and it is a high probability event that the growth rate returns to the single digit. Enterprises are facing four major pressures: exchange rate appreciation, rising raw material costs, rising labor costs, and sudden drop in external demand. If the European and American economies fall into a deep recession, it will be fatal for a country whose exports already account for 40% of GDP. Now, it seems that exports remained stable in the third quarter, mainly e to the continuation of orders in the first half of the year. However, from January to September, the U.S. financial crisis has not spread from the market to the real economy, and the U.S. economy has maintained a growth rate of 2%. But in late September, after the Lehman incident, the feeling was obviously different. The firewall between the market and the real economy was broken. In the next few quarters, the U.S. economy will enter a significant recession, the spillover effect will affect the world, and China's exports are not optimistic. It is likely to fall back to single digit growth in the first half of next year. By the end of September 2008, the balance of China's foreign exchange reserves was US $1.9 trillion, up 32.92% year on year. In September, foreign exchange reserves increased by US $21.4 billion, far lower than the trade surplus of US $29.3 billion that month. On the whole, the capital inflows in July, August and September dropped sharply. After the financial tsunami, the withdrawal of international capital from emerging markets should be a trend, and it is happening. With the deleveraging of the US economy, consumer credit will shrink sharply, and the economic prospects of the corresponding emerging market export model are pessimistic. At the same time, it is also an important factor to sell off assets and withdraw a large amount of capital to make up for the losses of the home country's financial institutions and meet the requirements of deleveraging financial adjustment. If the trend continues, we can't rule out the months when China's foreign reserves declined after the middle of 2009. In fact, in 2007, China's economy has come to the end of an existing economic model, and there has been an obvious turning point in the progress of labor proctivity. Before the emergence of China's new model, the appreciation space of RMB real exchange rate has been exhausted. Overseas countries are most aware of this. Singapore's one-year non deliverable RMB exchange rate has shown a significant discount. The possibility of devaluation of RMB exchange rate in 2009 is increasing. China's manufacturing instry is very fragile. How big is the impact of global economic slowdown on China's manufacturing instry? In my opinion, this is catastrophic. Because China's manufacturing instry is a big in and big out structure, resources and markets are in the hands of the United States and Europe. On the one hand, China's manufacturing instry has to bear the pressure of imported inflation such as rising raw material prices; On the other hand, China's manufacturing instry is unable to move the cost pressure out, because the pricing power of global manufactured goods is not in China, although China is known as "world factory" or "world workshop". However, both ends of the value chain of modern manufacturing instry are not controlled by China, and high value-added fields such as R & D, raw material procurement, brand design, sales channel management, after-sales service, retail monopoly giants are in the hands of the United States and Europe. China's manufacturing instry is only working with orders, not directly facing the final consumers. This kind of structure is very fragile, resources and market are squeezed in both directions, and a large number of enterprises are bound to close down. To extend the instrial value chain, is there any new growth point to support the economy in China? To solve this problem, it is necessary to reform hard to see and create new economic growth points. From a macro perspective, it is mainly to adjust the structure of investment and consumption, and firmly turn to an economy dominated by domestic consumption by accelerating the reform of the price formation mechanism of resource procts and factors, and by accelerating the adjustment of wealth distribution among residents, governments, enterprises and residents. At the micro level, the so-called transformation and upgrading of enterprises are not accurate. They are not driving our labor-intensive enterprises away or moving them in. None of these can solve the problem. The problem of China's manufacturing instry is that it is at the low end of the value distribution chain and is being slaughtered in the international division of labor. Therefore, the key to the problem is to extend the instrial value chain. Only by extending to both ends, such as raw material procurement, R & D, logistics, warehousing, sales network and brand, can modern manufacturing and modern service instries be created, thus reaching the agreement with the macro objectives.

8. Hello, virtual money is not real money, there is no central bank behind the total control and macro-control, its value depends entirely on its supply. For example, according to Nakamoto's algorithm, the final supply of bitcoin will be 21 million, which will not be increased. However, if its model is found to be defective, resulting in a massive increase in money supply, the current trading platform and investors will lose their money
coping strategies: many algorithm enthusiasts have made repeated dection, and so far have not found any model defects.