Does virtual currency belong to virtual property
virtual currency is the currency used for electronic circulation. Now the scope of virtual currency is very large, including q-coin, bitcoin and so on. With the development of digital currency, virtual currency is becoming more and more abundant, which may become the mainstream in the future. For example, BTC, EOS, bcbot and so on are not only virtual currencies, but also algorithms, landing projects and technologies
virtual currency is mainly issued by online game service providers to purchase game props, such as equipment, clothing, etc. But at present, the use of virtual currency has gone far beyond this category. Virtual currency can be used to buy game cards, physical objects and download services of some movies and software
extended data:
real risk
as the proct of e-commerce, virtual currency has begun to play an increasingly important role, and it is more and more connected with the real world. However, with the growth of virtual currency, the relevant laws and regulations are lagging behind, which has laid many hidden dangers
fraud
the private transaction of online virtual currency has realized the two-way circulation between virtual currency and RMB to a certain extent. The activity of these traders is to buy all kinds of virtual currencies and procts at a low price, and then sell them at a high price to earn profits. With the increase of such transactions, there are even virtual mints. In addition to the virtual currency provided by the main company, there are also some people who specialize in "virtual coin making" to obtain virtual currency by playing games and then resell it to other players
Taking Wenzhou as an example, there are about seven or eight such "virtual mints" with four or five hundred practitioners. This not only creates a bubble for the price of the virtual currency itself, but also causes trouble for the normal sale of the issuing company. It also provides a platform for selling and collecting money and money laundering for various cyber crimes. p>
impact system
in modern financial system, the issuers of money are generally central banks, which are responsible for the management and supervision of money operation. As the equivalent exchange goods used to replace the real currency circulation on the Internet, the virtual currency on the Internet is essentially the same as the real currency. The difference is that the issuers are no longer central banks, but Internet companies
if the development of virtual currency makes it form a unified market, each company can exchange with each other, or virtual currency is integrated and unified, and all of them are based on the same standard and price, then in a sense, virtual currency is currency, which is likely to form a threat impact on the traditional financial system or economic operation
reference: network virtual currency
virtual currency is a kind of currency that has value but can't be directly exchanged for real goods Therefore, virtual currency is not a commodity.
of course, bitcoin, Ruitai coin, Laite coin and vitality coin also belong to the category of virtual property and are protected by law.
virtual currency and electronic currency are not the same concept
the definition of e-money is to convert a certain amount of cash or deposit from the issuer and obtain data representing the same amount. By using some electronic methods, the data can be directly transferred to the payment object, so as to pay off the debt. E-money means that consumers pay traditional money to issuers of e-money, and issuers store legal money of equal value with traditional money in electronic devices held by consumers
electronic currency is the electronization of the legal tender, including our common bank cards, Internet banking, electronic cash, etc., as well as the third party payment developed in recent years, such as Alipay, fortune paid and so on. No matter what form these electronic currencies are and through which institutions they circulate, their original source is the legal money issued by the central bank
but virtual currency is the electronization of illegal currency, and its original issuer is not the central bank. For example, Tencent Q currency and other game currency, such virtual currency is mainly limited to circulation in a specific virtual environment. After the emergence of bitcoin, through the blockchain technology to better solve the problem of decentralization, distrust, to achieve global circulation, is sought after in the world. Electronic currency and virtual currency are collectively referred to as digital currency
China does not have the first legal virtual currency. At the end of 2013, the central bank and other five ministries and commissions issued the bitcoin risk notice, which clearly defined bitcoin as a special Internet commodity, and the public can buy and sell it freely on the premise of taking their own risks
other digital confidential currencies are also suitable, such as Laite coin, the ancestor of Shanzhai coin, Fuyuan coin for business points in jewelry instry, dog coin for small reward, etc. But although virtual currency exists legally in our country, it is illegal to cheat under the guise of virtual currency
extended data
as the proct of e-commerce, virtual currency has begun to play an increasingly important role, and it is more and more connected with the real world. However, with the growth of virtual currency, the relevant laws and regulations are lagging behind, which has laid many hidden dangers
fraud
the private transactions of online virtual currency have realized the two-way circulation between virtual currency and RMB to a certain extent. The activity of these traders is to buy all kinds of virtual currencies and procts at a low price, and then sell them at a high price to earn profits. With the increase of such transactions, there are even virtual mints
in addition to the virtual currency provided by the main company, there are also some people who specialize in "virtual coin making" to obtain virtual currency by playing games and then resell it to other players. Take Wenzhou as an example, there are about seven or eight such "virtual mints" with four or five hundred practitioners. This not only creates a bubble for the price of the virtual currency itself, but also causes trouble for the normal sale of the issuing company. It also provides a platform for selling and collecting money and money laundering for various cyber crimes. p>
impact system
in modern financial system, the issuers of money are generally central banks, which are responsible for the management and supervision of money operation. As the equivalent exchange goods used to replace the real currency circulation on the Internet, the virtual currency on the Internet is essentially the same as the real currency. The difference is that the issuers are no longer central banks, but Internet companies
if the development of virtual currency makes it form a unified market, each company can exchange with each other, or virtual currency is integrated and unified, and all of them are based on the same standard and price, then in a sense, virtual currency is currency, which is likely to form a threat impact on the traditional financial system or economic operation
network problems
in addition to direct cash, virtual currency can also be purchased by SMS, internet transfer and fixed telephone recharge. These ways of purchase not only provide convenience for users, but also have many risks
such as embezzlement of telephone recharge and purchase by minors. In addition, virtual currency does not have the anti-counterfeiting technology of real currency. Computer hackers may use its security loopholes to proce counterfeit currency. Relevant personnel of the State Administration for Instry and Commerce said that virtual currency transaction is a business behavior derived from the Internet era, and there are no clear legal provisions to regulate it, and there are no items related to virtual goods transaction in the scope of instrial and commercial registration
but when the virtual property transaction graally employs people, places are fixed, transaction profits are clear, and has the nature of operation, it may involve market order and tax issues. Even game operators have no ability to control. There are a large number of "counterfeit banknote makers" in the network. Take the winger who is mainly engaged in chess and card online games as an example, the purchasing power of his online currency has shrunk by nearly 40% in one year. Many people point out that such inflation will only damage netizens and make them lose confidence in the Internet
reference source : network virtual currency
1. Process: it is equipped with the latest generation of 5nm manufacturing process to bring the strongest processor performance to users. The 5nm manufacturing process brings the most top technology, cost and functional performance requirements
2. Core: the three cluster architecture of super core + big core + small core is used, in which the super core is cortex x1, the big core is cortex A78, and the small core is cortex A55
3. Experience: Super core cortex-x1 has 1MB L2 cache, while A78 has 256Kb L2 cache, which can give you better performance experience,
brings the strongest architecture for users at present, with A78 20% higher in performance and machine learning 100% higher in performance
4. Optimization: for game optimization, provide users with variable coloring rate, It can improve the performance by 30%
5. Other aspects: for other aspects of the game, 144hz high refresh rate / high frame rate, true 10 bit HDR, surreal enhanced image quality, fast mixing,
GPU driver update, Xbox cloud / Google stadia / Amazon Luna cloud game, etc<
second place: snapdragon 870
1. Process: 1 * 3.19ghz + 3 * 2.42ghz + 4 * 1.8GHz eight core configuration,
2. Architecture: one large core and three medium cores adopt a77 architecture, and four small cores adopt a550 +
3. Other aspects: the GPU of snapdragon 870 is the frequency upgraded adreno650, and the baseband is still x55 modem< GPU: the performance of the new generation kryo 585 CPU is improved by 25%, and the overall performance of the new Adreno 650 GPU is also improved by 25% compared with the previous generation platform
5. Experience: it brings 7Nm proction technology, which brings the best mobile phone performance experience for users
6. Pixel: 1 billion pixel high-speed ISP, processing speed up to 2 billion pixels per second, supporting new shooting features and functions
7. Video: users can take 4K HDR video with 1 billion colors, 8K video or capture photos up to 200 million pixels<
third place: snapdragon 865
1. CPU: new kryo 585 architecture, up to 2.84ghz
2. GPU: with Adreno 650, the performance is 25% higher than that of snapdragon 855
3. With snapdragon x55 5g baseband, it can support up to 7.5gbps download speed and WiFi 6 protocol
4. It adopts the fifth generation AI engine and supports the computing power of 15 tops
5. It supports lpddr5 memory, 144hz screen refresh rate, 200 megapixel camera, 8K 30 frame video recording and 960 frame slow motion shooting
6. The main frequency of CPU is consistent with snapdragon 855. The new cortex-a77 architecture should have about 20% performance improvement according to the official data of arm
7. GPU is 25% higher than snapdragon 855, and the overall performance is 20% higher. Lpddr5 memory is also a bonus
fourth place: snapdragon 855 +
1. Both snapdragon 855 and snapdragon 855 + CPU adopt the same architecture kyro485. The difference is that their large core frequency is different. The large core frequency of 855 + is 2.96ghz higher than that of 855< In terms of GPU, 855 and 855 + are both adreno640, but their frequencies are also different. The frequency of 855 + is 672mhz, while that of 855 + is only 585mhz. The graphics ability of 855 + is 15% higher than that of 855
3. The same 7Nm process, both of them adopt the 1 + 3 + 4 8-core design. Except for the different frequencies of the large cores, the frequencies of the other 7 small cores remain unchanged< So in theory, snapdragon 855 + has stronger mononuclear ability
5. The iqoo equipped with Xiaolong 85 and Nubia z20 equipped with Xiaolong 855plus are compared. According to the running points, the actual performance of Xiaolong 855 + is more than that of Xiaolong 855 in both single core and multi-core performance. The actual performance of 855 + is still better than that of 855
fifth place: Xiaolong 855
1 CPU: the memory delay is higher than that of the Kirin 980, but the overall performance of the CPU is still slightly higher than that of the Kirin 980. The performance of specint2006 is 51% higher than that of the 845, and the CPU energy efficiency ratio is 39% higher than that of the 845. In specfp2006, it is 61% higher than that of the 845, and it is 4% and 9% higher than that of the Kirin 980. Although the highest core reaches 2.85ghz, the energy efficiency is still excellent
2. AI: after the blessing of hexagon 690, compared with 845, AI performance has been greatly improved, which is about 2.5-3 times that of 845
3 and application: it is not awesome in terms of system application performance, stronger than 845, but weaker than 980, official expression may be the relationship of scheling on the engineering machine, and the official commercial equipment will be improved. GPU: the peak performance of Adreno 640 GPU is still far behind A12, but the energy efficiency ratio is good. The average power consumption of off screen rendering of gfxbench3.1 is 4.44w. In terms of energy efficiency, the peak state of A12 is 17.36fps/w, the down frequency state is 20.18fps/w, 855 is 16.05fps/w, 845 is 11.99fps/w, 980 is 11.93fps/w, and the overall energy efficiency ratio is 30% higher than 845<
sixth place: snapdragon 845
1. Snapdragon 845 still adopts eight cores of 10nm process, which is the most advanced technology in the market. Compared with snapdragon 835, it has made improvements in both large and small cores. The four cores are A75 architecture and the four small cores are A55 architecture
2. At the same time, snapdragon 845 introces a new security processing unit SPU, while GPU adopts Adreno 630, which improves the overall efficiency by 25% - 30% compared with Adreno 540 of snapdragon 835
3. Snapdragon 845 is equipped with 5g frequency regulator; In terms of overall performance, 845 is 20% - 25% better than 835
4. Snapdragon 845 supports Gigabit LTE connection through X20 LTE modem, and supports 2x2 al channel Wi Fi and 4x4 MIMO technology, providing more stable and faster network connection for players<
seventh place: snapdragon 730g
1. The multi-core performance of snapdragon 730g processor is not as good as that of snapdragon 845 processor, and the single core performance is better than that of snapdragon 845 processor. Each processor has its own victory or defeat
2. Snapdragon 730g has built-in CPU with kryo470 architecture, which is built by instry-leading 8nm process technology
3. Snapdragon 730g integrates frequency enhanced adreno618gpu, which makes its graphics processing performance 25% higher than snapdragon 710 and graphics rendering speed 15% higher than snapdragon 730. The g of snapdragon 730g refers to game
4. The snapdragon 730g also supports some of the snapdragon elitegaming functions, which can bring more amazing game screen effects
5. Snapdragon 730g also supports qcommaqstic audio technology, which can bring clear and smooth surround sound<
eighth place: snapdragon 730 AIE
1. 730 has surpassed 835 as a whole. If the price control is in place, it will be a god u, which can replace 835 in all aspects. 730 Angou has exceeded 835
2. Snapdragon 730 chip is made by 8nm process. According to Angou's running score test, Lenovo Z6's running score is as high as 200000, And Master Lu's running score is 250000
3. Xiaolong 730g is equipped with the enhanced version of Adreno 618 GPU (supporting Vulkan version 1.1), and its performance is 15% higher than the ordinary version of Xiaolong 730
4. With the support of the new A76 architecture, the CPU performance of snapdragon 730g has caught up with that of snapdragon 845 with only two A76 cores, and the daily application experience is very smooth
5. The CPU frequency of snapdragon 730g is 2.4GHz, and the GPU frequency is 825mhz; The main CPU frequency of snapdragon 730 is 2.2GHz, and the main CPU frequency is 700MHz. This means that the CPU and GPU frequency of snapdragon 730g is higher than that of snapdragon 730<
No.9: snapdragon 765G
1. Compared with the previous generation snapdragon 730 processor, the main frequency of snapdragon 765G is increased to 2.4GHz, adopting the architecture of 1 * kryo 475 prime (2.3 / 2.4GHz) + 1 * kryo 475 gold (2.2GHz) + 6 * kryo 475 silver (1.8GHz)
2. The processor adopts the 7Nm EUV process manufactured by Samsung, which reces the power consumption by 35% compared with the 8nm snapdragon 730. The GPU is upgraded to the Adreno 620
3. Snapdragon 765G supports up to 192mp pixels, single shot 3600W pixels and zero delay shooting, which is equivalent to the previous generation's level. It supports Bluetooth 5.0, WiFi 6 and 120Hz refresh rates, and AI 5.5tops
4. The most important feature of snapdragon 765G is that it integrates snapdragon x525g baseband and and supports SA / NSA al-mode networking. Its theoretical maximum peak download rate is as high as 3.7 Gbps and upload rate is 1.6 Gbps. At the same time, it also supports 5g millimeter wave, band below 6GHz, global 5g roaming, WiFi 6 and other features<
No.10: snapdragon 765
1. Snapdragon 765 adopts kryo 475 CPU, with a maximum dominant frequency of 2.3ghz; The Adreno 620 GPU is 20% faster than the previous generation< 2. The fifth generation AI engine adopts hexagon 696 tensor processor; Spectrum 355 ISP supports up to 192 megapixel camera, 480fps 720p slow motion video capture and 4K HDR video capture capability
3. Built in X52 modem, it supports millimeter wave, TDD and FDD band below 6GHz, and can achieve 3.7 Gbps download peak and 1.6 Gbps upload peak.
some time ago, the state has begun to legislate on digital currency, including QQ currency, bitcoin, Ruitai currency and other virtual properties.
although the criminal code does not explicitly include virtual property, there are many cases of infringement of citizens' virtual network property in practice. The final results of these cases are different, which reflects the different positioning and cognition of the network virtual property in the field of criminal law. In the online theft case of Shanghai Huangpu District People's Procuratorate v. Meng Dong and he Likang, published in the bulletin of the Supreme People's court, it is clear that if the virtual behavior carried out by the actor through the network causes harm to the object protected by the criminal law in real life and constitutes a crime, he should be punished; Some people think that it constitutes a crime of infringing the freedom of communication. The people's Court of Nanshan District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province (2006) Shen Nan FA Xing Chu Zi No. 56 ruled that Zeng Zhifeng and other people's behavior of secretly stealing other people's QQ numbers to sell profits constitutes a crime of infringing the freedom of communication; Others think that the equipment, gold coins and other items in online games are virtual property, and their legal attribute is computer information system data, which does not belong to the property protected by China's criminal law; There are also views that should be classified, for network identity authentication information theft should be identified as illegal access to computer information system data crime, for theft of virtual currency and virtual objects should be identified as theft
at the same time, it is worth mentioning that although there are differences in the criminal trial, the infringement of citizens' online virtual property, to a certain extent, violates the relevant provisions of the criminal law, and can certainly be investigated for criminal responsibility.