Virtual currency in history

4. Virtual currency refers to non real currency. Well known virtual currency, such as network company's network currency, Tencent company's Q currency, Q point, Shanda company's voucher; The popular digital currencies in 2013 include bitcoin, Leyte coin, Fuyuan coin, doggy coin and so on
network virtual currency can be roughly divided into

the first category is familiar game currency. In the era of stand-alone games, the protagonist accumulates money by knocking down the enemy, entering the gambling house to win money, and using these to buy Herbs and equipment, but it can only be used in his own game console. At that time, there was no "market" between players. Since the establishment of Internet portal and community, the realization of game networking, virtual currency has a "financial market", players can trade game currency
the second type is the special currency issued by the portal website or instant messaging service provider, which is used to purchase the services in the website. The most widely used is Tencent's q-coin, which can be used to purchase membership, QQ show and other value-added services
the third kind of virtual currency on the Internet, such as bitcoin (BTC), Fuyuan coin (FTC), Wright currency (LTC), etc. bitcoin is an electronic currency proced by open-source P2P software. Some people also translate bitcoin as "bitcoin", which is a kind of network virtual currency. It is mainly used for Internet financial investment, and can also be directly used in daily life as a new currency.

5. This problem should be based on the future development. The real problem is that the real currency also has some virtual functions. For example, the US dollar, the Japanese yen and the RMB are not real gold and silver, but just a symbol. As long as the country recognizes it, let alone virtual, it is estimated that even the air can be used as currency
the premise for virtual currency to replace real currency is the comprehensive popularization of global network, that is, even a person with nothing has to have something that can be connected to support the exchange of virtual currency, followed by national or international recognition that it is valuable, and finally the mature popularization of virtual reality and other technologies
as long as VR or AR technology can be popularized all over the world and an irreplaceable resource can be found in VR or AR, it should be feasible to use this resource as currency, unless a country / region has no contact with VR or AR technology at all

6.

The history of Chinese currency development:

1. China is one of the earliest countries in the world to use currency, which has a history of more than 4000 years

there were cloth money, knife money, yuan money, five baht money, Tongbao, coin making, silver, silver yuan, copper yuan, as well as victims of gold and silver, grain and silk money and paper money, with a wide variety of forms and materials, which can be called the world's top currency

In the process of its formation and development, ancient Chinese currency has undergone five major evolutions:

the evolution from natural currency to artificial currency, from disordered shape to unified shape, from local coin to central coin, from document weight to Tongbao and Yuanbao, and from metal currency to paper currency "Jiaozi"

From the spring and Autumn period to the Warring States period, China has established four major monetary systems: cloth coin, knife goods, ant nose money and ring money. Later, it went through the Qin, Tang, Han, Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, until December 1, 1948, the people's Bank of China was established and issued the first set of RMB

At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang carried out the policy of paper money and issued "Daming treasure note" and copper money

However, there was no fixed issue limit and no reserve for Daming banknotes, which soon led to inflation. Therefore, after the Jiajing year in the middle of Ming Dynasty, the banknotes were no longer passable, and the folk mainly used silver and copper

The Qing Dynasty copper coins follow the Ming Dynasty system, mainly casting small flat coins. Xianfeng coins are the most complex of the Qing Dynasty copper coins, which can be divided into Tongbao, chongbao and Yuanbao, with different denominations and different money bureaus. Most of the Qing Dynasty's private businesses use silver, small money uses money, and money and silver are in parallel

In the early Qing Dynasty, silver ingot was the main currency, and in the late Qing Dynasty, silver ingot began to transform into silver yuan

Since the middle of Ming Dynasty, foreign businessmen used their silver dollars to buy Chinese silk, tea, porcelain, etc., which made all kinds of foreign silver dollars popular in China

in the reign of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, since the signing of the unequal treaty of Nanjing, the silver yuan used for compensation was "foreign money". At that time, China had no silver yuan in its own country, and the foreign money in stock was not enough to offset the sharply increased amount of foreign compensation, so the government of the late Qing Dynasty was forced to start casting its own silver yuan

7. Six major evolutions of Chinese ancient currency

China is one of the earliest countries in the world to use currency, with a history of 5000 years. In the process of its formation and development, ancient Chinese currency has undergone six major evolutions:

first, the evolution from natural currency to artificial currency

in Chinese characters, most of the characters related to value have changed from "Bei". From this we can see that Bei is the earliest currency in China

with the rapid development of commodity exchange, the demand for money is increasing, and seashells have been unable to meet people's needs. People began to imitate seashells with copper. The appearance of copper shell is an important evolution from natural currency to artificial currency in ancient Chinese currency history

with the extensive use of artificial coinage, seashells, as a natural currency, graally withdrew from China's currency stage< From the appearance of Tongbei in the Shang Dynasty to the Warring States period, China's currency graally formed four systems characterized by the domination of the feudal lords, namely, shovel coin, Dao coin, ring coin and Chu coin (yuan Jin and Yi Bi Qian)< After Qin unified China, the first emperor of Qin promulgated the earliest currency law of China in 210 BC, which stipulated that half Liang coins with round square holes could be used in the whole country

the circulation of Qin banliang coins with round square holes in the whole country has ended the disordered state of different shapes and great weight differences of ancient Chinese coins, which is a significant evolution from disordered shape to standard shape in the history of ancient Chinese coins. The shape of this round square hole determined by the Qin banliang coins continued until the early Republic of China< Third, the evolution from local coinage to central coinage. According to the records of Shi Huo Zhi in the history of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang allowed the people to make coins privately after the founding of the Han Dynasty. The gentry, the rich businessmen and the local forces took advantage of the opportunity to make money. In the reign of Emperor Wen, "Dr. Deng Tong also made money for the king."

in the fourth year of Yuanding (1115 years ago), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took back the minting right of the prefecture and minted five baht coins by the central government. From then on, it was determined that the central government should be responsible for the unified management of coin casting and issue, which was a significant evolution from local coin to central coin in the history of ancient Chinese currency

since then, the central government has been directly in charge of the coinage. The return of the minting right to the central government played an important role in stabilizing the political situation and economic development of the dynasties< (4) the evolution from the weight of documents to Tongbao and Yuanbao (24 baht is one or two)<

in the fourth year of Wude (621), Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty, Li Yuan was determined to reform the currency system, abolish ancient coins of different weights, and cast "Kaiyuan Tongbao" coins with the meaning of "opening up a new era". Kaiyuan Tongbao is a change from the weight of documents to Tongbao and Yuanbao in ancient China

Kaiyuan Tongbao coin is the earliest Tongbao coin in China. Since then, copper coins in China no longer use money to mark the weight, but use Tongbao and Yuanbao. It has been used until the "Tongbao of the Republic of China" after the 1911 Revolution< In the Northern Song Dynasty, e to the shortage of copper materials, the government made a large number of iron coins in some areas to make up for the shortage of copper coins. According to the records of the history of Song Dynasty, the cast iron coins in Sichuan at that time always weighed 25 Jin and 8 Liang. To buy a piece of silk in Sichuan, you have to pay 130 Jin of iron. Iron money is so cumbersome and inconvenient that paper money jiaozi came into being in Sichuan. The appearance of Jiaozi is an important evolution from metal currency to paper currency in ancient Chinese currency history

Jiaozi is not only the earliest paper currency in China, but also the earliest paper currency in the world< In the late Qing Dynasty, with the graal introction of foreign advanced science and technology, Guangxu began to buy coin making machines abroad to make silver and copper coins. Later, Guangdong began to use machine-made holes when ten copper. Because of the huge profits of the manufacturers, many provinces followed suit

the emergence of mechanism currency in the late Qing Dynasty is an important evolution from manual coinage to mechanism currency in the history of ancient Chinese currency.

8. China is one of the earliest countries in the world to use money. According to ancient documents and a large number of unearthed cultural relics, the origin of Chinese money has a history of at least 4000 years. During the period of currency germination, the commonly used items in people's life, such as cattle and sheep, millet and silk, pearl and jade, tortoise shells and so on, used to act as the medium of exchange in the process of repeated exchange, and played the role of equivalent. Due to the inconvenience of counting and carrying, many items as the medium of exchange were graally eliminated. Only seashells, because of their bright, beautiful, strong and easy to carry, were used, Shell was one of the most important currency in Shang Dynasty. During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, bronze smelting developed to a considerable level. More and more metal procts entered the field of exchange, and copper coins appeared, which marked that China's currency began to enter the stage of metal coinage. From the early Zhou Dynasty to the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, in different areas of China, according to different physical evolution system, there were different forms of metal coins, such as cloth coin, knife coin, ring coin and ant nose coin. After Qin Shihuang unified China, he abolished the complicated currency system of the six countries and cast "Qin banqian", also known as "banliangqian", which is the first unification of currency types and units in China. From the Qin Dynasty, through the Han, Sui, Tang, Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's coinage basically followed the shape of the outer circle and the inner square, so there is a coin called "brother Kong Fang". Gold and silver have been used as currency for a long time in China's past dynasties. In the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, gold and silver coins with certain shapes appeared. Since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, silver graally played the role of value measure and circulation means, and gained the status of full currency. Silver was widely used in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. China is the first country in the world to use paper money. Deer skin money appeared in the Han Dynasty, and in the Tang Dynasty, it was used as flying money to exchange tickets. As a means of formal circulation, banknotes began with jiaozi and qianyin in the Northern Song Dynasty. Later, "Huizi" and "Guanzi" appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty. Jinren printed and issued banknotes, yuan and Ming printed and issued banknotes. After the Qing Dynasty government printed and issued official money, money tickets and Opium War, with the graal rise of modern silver, bank coupons began to prevail, and paper money graally became the main currency.

9.

1. The evolution from natural currency to artificial currency

Shell is the earliest currency in China, and it was used as currency in Shang Dynasty. In Chinese characters, most of the characters related to value are related to "Bei"

with the development of commodity exchange, the demand for money was increasing, and seashells could not meet people's demand. In the Shang Dynasty, people began to imitate seashells with copper. The appearance of copper coin is an important evolution from natural currency to artificial currency in ancient Chinese currency history. With the extensive use of artificial coins, seashells, as a natural currency, graally withdrew from China's currency stage