Why is money virtual capital
Publish: 2021-05-01 16:41:02
1. Should be able to re-examine the new model of network pyramid scheme fraud
2. As far as I'm concerned, I don't know if it's a complete transformation. But I'm really focusing on the blockchain. Many years ago, Xunlei transformed the blockchain. You can see the financial report of Xunlei and the fire of the blockchain now, which proves the effectiveness of Xunlei's new business system in driving the development of enterprises. Xunlei is the first share of China's blockchain and the leader of the first all in blockchain. Xunlei's blockchain technology is leading the world. Foreign reports can be quoted, and the scene can be applied to enable the real economy. Starting from the accumulation of technology, this old Internet enterprise has found the development track after transformation and radiated new vitality.
3. Significance: (1) expand the accumulation of monetary capital, the development of credit system promotes the emergence of stock system, and the emergence of stock system creates conditions for the issuance of shares. As the paper of the real capital, the stock is the certificate of the future income and represents the claim to the future income. The issuance of the stock creates conditions for expanding the accumulation of monetary capital 2) To promote the concentration of capital, the price fluctuation of virtual capital's material undertakers in the securities makes it possible for some people to use it as a means of concentration of monetary wealth. At the same time, the capital formed by the securities also provides conditions for the merger and reorganization of enterprises 3) Accelerate capital turnover, which is mainly reflected in the bank's preparation to issue bank notes for discount. Impact: promote the optimal allocation of resources. One of the characteristics of virtual capital is its strong liquidity. Except for special cases, it always flows rapidly from low efficiency enterprises, instries and regions to high efficiency enterprises, instries and regions. The international situation will be more complicated, but so will the general trend. As we have said before, virtual capital is built on the basis of the real economy. No matter how many levels and to what extent it is virtual, it will ultimately be subject to and act on the real economy. The rapid flow of virtual capital to the direction of high efficiency can drive the flow of social resources to the direction of high efficiency, and re allocate and combine them according to the principle of maximum efficiency. For example, if the economic efficiency of an enterprise declines, the stocks and bonds it issues may be sold in large quantities, the price will fall, the capital stock will shrink, and the resources it can control will be reced. On the contrary, if an enterprise is well managed and has high efficiency, the number of people who buy its stocks and bonds will increase, the prices of its stocks and bonds will rise, the capital will increase, and the resources it can control will increase
promote social idle funds into proction and operation funds. The liquidity and high profitability of virtual capital (of course, accompanied by higher risks) can attract a considerable part of temporarily idle and scattered funds to invest in the embodiment of virtual capital stocks, bonds, derivative financial instruments, and thus into the real economy. This is particularly obvious in China's current capital market. In our country, most of the investors buy stocks now in order to sell them and earn the bid ask spread. If there is no secondary market for the stock, it can not be converted into virtual capital, and it can only be stored as a certificate of dividend when it is e, then many people may not buy it. Therefore, the existence of virtual capital can promote people to buy securities, increase investment and speed up economic development
promote the improvement of economic benefits. The flow of virtual capital towards the direction of high economic benefits can not only support and promote the rapid development of enterprises with high economic benefits, but also form pressure on enterprises with low economic benefits, so as to urge them to take effective measures to improve management and economic benefits, so as to continuously improve the level of economic benefits of the whole society.
promote social idle funds into proction and operation funds. The liquidity and high profitability of virtual capital (of course, accompanied by higher risks) can attract a considerable part of temporarily idle and scattered funds to invest in the embodiment of virtual capital stocks, bonds, derivative financial instruments, and thus into the real economy. This is particularly obvious in China's current capital market. In our country, most of the investors buy stocks now in order to sell them and earn the bid ask spread. If there is no secondary market for the stock, it can not be converted into virtual capital, and it can only be stored as a certificate of dividend when it is e, then many people may not buy it. Therefore, the existence of virtual capital can promote people to buy securities, increase investment and speed up economic development
promote the improvement of economic benefits. The flow of virtual capital towards the direction of high economic benefits can not only support and promote the rapid development of enterprises with high economic benefits, but also form pressure on enterprises with low economic benefits, so as to urge them to take effective measures to improve management and economic benefits, so as to continuously improve the level of economic benefits of the whole society.
4. So to speak. The paper currency issued by the state is the currency guaranteed by the national credit.
5. Actually, it's easy to understand. Just tell a story
both a and B study economics
on this day, a and B were walking together and met with a pile of dog excrement. A said: B, you eat this dog excrement, and I'll give you $100 million
b ate, a paid 100 million yuan
as they continued to walk, a felt that it was too bad to pay 100 million, while B felt that they were not happy to eat dog shit
when you meet a pile of dog excrement on the road, B says: a you eat this pile of dog excrement, and I'll give you 100 million
a eats, B pays 100 million
I went back to my teacher and told her today's story. The teacher boasted: you are the pillars of our country. Just eating two piles of dog excrement has created 200 million value for our country
ha ha, do you understand? This is virtual capital.
both a and B study economics
on this day, a and B were walking together and met with a pile of dog excrement. A said: B, you eat this dog excrement, and I'll give you $100 million
b ate, a paid 100 million yuan
as they continued to walk, a felt that it was too bad to pay 100 million, while B felt that they were not happy to eat dog shit
when you meet a pile of dog excrement on the road, B says: a you eat this pile of dog excrement, and I'll give you 100 million
a eats, B pays 100 million
I went back to my teacher and told her today's story. The teacher boasted: you are the pillars of our country. Just eating two piles of dog excrement has created 200 million value for our country
ha ha, do you understand? This is virtual capital.
6. Virtual capital is a kind of capital that exists in the form of securities and can bring certain income to the holders. Such as stocks, bonds, etc. It is independent of the real capital and cannot play a role in the proction process. Generally, the change of virtual capital does not reflect the change of actual capital
virtual capital itself has no value, it is just a certificate of capital ownership, which means that it has the right to obtain income. The securities that constitute virtual capital can be traded in the securities market at a certain price, which is determined by the principle of interest capitalization. For example, the stock price is determined by the size of the dividend and the interest rate of the bank. The stock price changes in direct proportion to the dividend, but in inverse proportion to the interest rate. If the denomination of the stock is 100 yuan, and the annual dividend is 10 yuan, that is, 10% of the dividend, and the interest rate at that time is only 5%, then the price of the stock is 10 yuan ÷ 5% = 200 yuan
virtual capital is different from the real capital such as factory building, machinery and raw materials. It can not play a role in the capitalist proction process, but indirectly reflects the movement of real capital. Therefore, it is not a real capital, but a form of capital existence independent of the actual capital. In the course of the development of capitalism, the average interest rate tends to decline, the debt of joint-stock companies and countries increases, the speculative activities of securities become popular, and the growth of virtual capital is faster than that of real capital. This shows that the ownership of capital is further separated from the function of capital, and speculation, fraud and plunder are further intensified, The parasitism and decadence of capitalism are further deepened
virtual capital & quot; In the academic literature, the explanation of
1, the bubble economy in financial speculation, the false prosperity of social economy, and finally the bubble burst, leading to social turbulence and even economic collapse. From this definition, we can draw the following conclusions: (L) the bubble economy mainly refers to the so-called fictitious capital in the excessive growth of virtual capital,
literature source
2, In the third volume of capital, Marx expounded the theory of virtual capital. Marx believed that virtual capital refers to the capital that exists in the form of securities and can bring certain income to the holders. It is the proct of credit system and monetary capitalization, In order to analyze the nature of virtual capital, we should first make clear the two concepts of "real economy" and "virtual economy"
source of literature
4. "Generalized virtual capital refers to the bank's loan credit (promissory note, bill of exchange It is the general term of nominal deposit reserve and capital formed by speculative bills, etc.
literature sources
5 Virtual capital refers to the securitized capital whose price exceeds the price of physical capital determined by real economic factors. After the establishment of this principle in Europe, it has spread all over the world and become one of the most basic principles in international politics, 7. The so-called virtual capital refers to the capital in the form of securities that can bring income on a regular basis. It mainly includes stocks, stocks and other assets This is also the initial form of virtual capital that Marx focused on in capital
sources of literature
8. Virtual capital refers to securities and financial instruments derived from securities. These financial assets are called capital because they can bring income, The reason is that the flow of these financial assets has been separated from the physical capital put into proction.
sources of literature
9. Virtual capital refers to the certificates that are separated from the physical capital, have no value in themselves, and only obtain certain income rights, such as stocks, bonds, commercial bills and other negotiable securities, They are fictitious and have no value in itself
literature sources
10. The author thinks that we can understand and define fictitious capital from the broad sense and the narrow sense: in the broad sense, fictitious capital refers to the capital attached to fictitious assets, and the extension of fictitious assets is very large, including all the assets with price that are separated from their physical characteristics
literature sources
11 The so-called virtual capital refers to all securities traded in the securities circulation market (i.e. the secondary market), such as state bonds, corporate bonds, bills of exchange, real estate mortgage bonds, bills of lading, stocks and other securities Virtual capital refers to the capital invested in non proctive fields. The disaster caused by virtual capital is the most obvious in the Mexican financial crisis In this paper, the concept of virtual capital is defined as: the so-called virtual capital refers to the goods that do not have the physical form of capital, but actually have the essential characteristics of capital. In English, the corresponding vocabulary of virtual capital should be "virtual capital"
source of literature
14. Virtual capital refers to & quot; Financing proctive activities through credit means & quot; The understanding of virtual capital focuses on the use of credit means to finance capital with criminal nature
literature sources
15. After that, people called money and non labor income as virtual capital, but no one has systematically studied its theoretical significance, In the third volume of capital, the author expounds the basic theory of virtual capital.
sources of literature
16. The author believes that virtual capital refers to the goods that do not have the physical form of capital, but actually have the essential characteristics of capital, The complexity of structure and the independence of movement
sources of literature
17. Capital theory of joint stock company: the figure shows that capital is represented in two forms: real capital and virtual capital, in which virtual capital refers to various vouchers that are separated from real capital and have no value but can be used as "commodity" transactions
sources of literature
18 However, foreign scholars seldom use the concept of virtual capital. Scholars who have used this concept believe that virtual capital refers to "financing proctive activities by means of credit". After Marx, ililferding (1910) illustrated the movement characteristics of virtual capital by taking stock notes as an example in his book financial capital, In addition, the money needed for stock circulation and transfer, that is, capital investment based on securities trading, is called virtual capital because it is independent of the proction process of enterprises, that is, the movement of real capital This means that the circulation of bonds and stocks as ownership certificates is not real capital value, but the transfer of income claim A set of capital becomes several sets of capital. The former set of capital is real capital, and the later one or more sets of capital is called virtual capital. Because virtual capital is another set of capital free from real capital, bank deposits and loans should not be included in it, Called virtual capital, stock is a typical kind of virtual capital. "They just represent the right to obtain income" (capital, Vol. 3, P. 523)
virtual capital itself has no value, it is just a certificate of capital ownership, which means that it has the right to obtain income. The securities that constitute virtual capital can be traded in the securities market at a certain price, which is determined by the principle of interest capitalization. For example, the stock price is determined by the size of the dividend and the interest rate of the bank. The stock price changes in direct proportion to the dividend, but in inverse proportion to the interest rate. If the denomination of the stock is 100 yuan, and the annual dividend is 10 yuan, that is, 10% of the dividend, and the interest rate at that time is only 5%, then the price of the stock is 10 yuan ÷ 5% = 200 yuan
virtual capital is different from the real capital such as factory building, machinery and raw materials. It can not play a role in the capitalist proction process, but indirectly reflects the movement of real capital. Therefore, it is not a real capital, but a form of capital existence independent of the actual capital. In the course of the development of capitalism, the average interest rate tends to decline, the debt of joint-stock companies and countries increases, the speculative activities of securities become popular, and the growth of virtual capital is faster than that of real capital. This shows that the ownership of capital is further separated from the function of capital, and speculation, fraud and plunder are further intensified, The parasitism and decadence of capitalism are further deepened
virtual capital & quot; In the academic literature, the explanation of
1, the bubble economy in financial speculation, the false prosperity of social economy, and finally the bubble burst, leading to social turbulence and even economic collapse. From this definition, we can draw the following conclusions: (L) the bubble economy mainly refers to the so-called fictitious capital in the excessive growth of virtual capital,
literature source
2, In the third volume of capital, Marx expounded the theory of virtual capital. Marx believed that virtual capital refers to the capital that exists in the form of securities and can bring certain income to the holders. It is the proct of credit system and monetary capitalization, In order to analyze the nature of virtual capital, we should first make clear the two concepts of "real economy" and "virtual economy"
source of literature
4. "Generalized virtual capital refers to the bank's loan credit (promissory note, bill of exchange It is the general term of nominal deposit reserve and capital formed by speculative bills, etc.
literature sources
5 Virtual capital refers to the securitized capital whose price exceeds the price of physical capital determined by real economic factors. After the establishment of this principle in Europe, it has spread all over the world and become one of the most basic principles in international politics, 7. The so-called virtual capital refers to the capital in the form of securities that can bring income on a regular basis. It mainly includes stocks, stocks and other assets This is also the initial form of virtual capital that Marx focused on in capital
sources of literature
8. Virtual capital refers to securities and financial instruments derived from securities. These financial assets are called capital because they can bring income, The reason is that the flow of these financial assets has been separated from the physical capital put into proction.
sources of literature
9. Virtual capital refers to the certificates that are separated from the physical capital, have no value in themselves, and only obtain certain income rights, such as stocks, bonds, commercial bills and other negotiable securities, They are fictitious and have no value in itself
literature sources
10. The author thinks that we can understand and define fictitious capital from the broad sense and the narrow sense: in the broad sense, fictitious capital refers to the capital attached to fictitious assets, and the extension of fictitious assets is very large, including all the assets with price that are separated from their physical characteristics
literature sources
11 The so-called virtual capital refers to all securities traded in the securities circulation market (i.e. the secondary market), such as state bonds, corporate bonds, bills of exchange, real estate mortgage bonds, bills of lading, stocks and other securities Virtual capital refers to the capital invested in non proctive fields. The disaster caused by virtual capital is the most obvious in the Mexican financial crisis In this paper, the concept of virtual capital is defined as: the so-called virtual capital refers to the goods that do not have the physical form of capital, but actually have the essential characteristics of capital. In English, the corresponding vocabulary of virtual capital should be "virtual capital"
source of literature
14. Virtual capital refers to & quot; Financing proctive activities through credit means & quot; The understanding of virtual capital focuses on the use of credit means to finance capital with criminal nature
literature sources
15. After that, people called money and non labor income as virtual capital, but no one has systematically studied its theoretical significance, In the third volume of capital, the author expounds the basic theory of virtual capital.
sources of literature
16. The author believes that virtual capital refers to the goods that do not have the physical form of capital, but actually have the essential characteristics of capital, The complexity of structure and the independence of movement
sources of literature
17. Capital theory of joint stock company: the figure shows that capital is represented in two forms: real capital and virtual capital, in which virtual capital refers to various vouchers that are separated from real capital and have no value but can be used as "commodity" transactions
sources of literature
18 However, foreign scholars seldom use the concept of virtual capital. Scholars who have used this concept believe that virtual capital refers to "financing proctive activities by means of credit". After Marx, ililferding (1910) illustrated the movement characteristics of virtual capital by taking stock notes as an example in his book financial capital, In addition, the money needed for stock circulation and transfer, that is, capital investment based on securities trading, is called virtual capital because it is independent of the proction process of enterprises, that is, the movement of real capital This means that the circulation of bonds and stocks as ownership certificates is not real capital value, but the transfer of income claim A set of capital becomes several sets of capital. The former set of capital is real capital, and the later one or more sets of capital is called virtual capital. Because virtual capital is another set of capital free from real capital, bank deposits and loans should not be included in it, Called virtual capital, stock is a typical kind of virtual capital. "They just represent the right to obtain income" (capital, Vol. 3, P. 523)
7. Yes, because bitcoin's sharp fall has caused a serious economic downturn, and it is also linked to the interests of some businessmen. I am sure the crisis is coming.
8.
According to Marx's theory of virtual capital, virtual capital is the proct of credit system and monetary capitalization. Virtual capital is closely related to credit system. Commercial credit and bank credit are the two basic forms of capitalist credit system. Commercial credit is such an economic relationship: "goods are not sold for the purpose of obtaining money, but for the purpose of obtaining the evidence of regular payment", which is used as a tool of commercial credit, that is, commercial money goes into circulation, It already contains the components of virtual capital. On the basis of commercial credit, there are bank credit and bank notes. The additional capital of banknotes issued without gold guarantee as reserve is in the form of virtual economic capital. In Chapter 25 of capital, credit and virtual capital, he pointed out: "the real credit currency is not based on currency circulation (whether it is metal currency or national paper currency), but on the circulation of bill of exchange."
virtual capital is the result of excessive expansion of commercial and bank credit, or the use of credit to an alarming extent. At the same time, fictitious capital is accompanied by the process of monetary capitalization, which is the derivative form of interest bearing capital. The emergence of interest bearing capital leads to the separation of ownership and use right of capital, the separation of legal owner and economic owner, and creates a specific market, namely financial market, which creates a special form of capital and creates the illusion of "capitalization". On the one hand, every certain regular monetary income is expressed as the interest of a certain capital, Whether or not this income is generated by capitalism; On the other hand, with interest bearing capital, every amount of value will be expressed as capital as long as it is not spent as income. Marx pointed out: "people call the formation of virtual capital capitalization, and people calculate every regular income that will be obtained repeatedly according to the average interest rate. It is capitalized by counting it as the income provided by the capital lent at this interest rate. "
9. When you sell it at a higher price, the price of play coin will fluctuate. This coin can be used for trading to make money. You will dig out a kind of coin called play coin. Play cloud is a cloud disk launched by Xunlei. After connecting with the router, you can make money
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