One way circulation of virtual currency
virtual currency is the currency used for electronic circulation. Now the scope of virtual currency is very large, including q-coin, bitcoin and so on. With the development of digital currency, virtual currency is becoming more and more abundant, which may become the mainstream in the future. For example, BTC, EOS, bcbot and so on are not only virtual currencies, but also algorithms, landing projects and technologies
virtual currency is mainly issued by online game service providers to purchase game props, such as equipment, clothing, etc. But at present, the use of virtual currency has gone far beyond this category. Virtual currency can be used to buy game cards, physical objects and download services of some movies and software
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real risk
as the proct of e-commerce, virtual currency has begun to play an increasingly important role, and it is more and more connected with the real world. However, with the growth of virtual currency, the relevant laws and regulations are lagging behind, which has laid many hidden dangers
fraud
the private transaction of online virtual currency has realized the two-way circulation between virtual currency and RMB to a certain extent. The activity of these traders is to buy all kinds of virtual currencies and procts at a low price, and then sell them at a high price to earn profits. With the increase of such transactions, there are even virtual mints. In addition to the virtual currency provided by the main company, there are also some people who specialize in "virtual coin making" to obtain virtual currency by playing games and then resell it to other players
Taking Wenzhou as an example, there are about seven or eight such "virtual mints" with four or five hundred practitioners. This not only creates a bubble for the price of the virtual currency itself, but also causes trouble for the normal sale of the issuing company. It also provides a platform for selling and collecting money and money laundering for various cyber crimes. p>
impact system
in modern financial system, the issuers of money are generally central banks, which are responsible for the management and supervision of money operation. As the equivalent exchange goods used to replace the real currency circulation on the Internet, the virtual currency on the Internet is essentially the same as the real currency. The difference is that the issuers are no longer central banks, but Internet companies
if the development of virtual currency makes it form a unified market, each company can exchange with each other, or virtual currency is integrated and unified, and all of them are based on the same standard and price, then in a sense, virtual currency is currency, which is likely to form a threat impact on the traditional financial system or economic operation
reference: network virtual currency
What are the advantages of bitcoin
freedom of payment - you can pay and receive any amount of money anytime and anywhere. No bank holidays, no borders, no imposed restrictions. Bitcoin allows its users full control of their funds
very low fee - at present, there is no or very little fee for the processing of bitcoin payment. The user can include the service charge in the transaction to obtain the processing priority and receive the transaction confirmation from the network faster. In addition, there are also merchant processors to assist merchants in processing transactions, converting bitcoin into legal tender every day and depositing the funds directly into the merchant's bank account. Because these services are all based on bitcoin, they can offer much lower fees than paypal or credit card networks
rece business risk - bitcoin transactions are secure, irreversible, and do not contain customers' sensitive or personal information. This avoids the loss of merchants e to fraud or fraulent chargeback, and there is no need to comply with PCI standards. Where credit cards are not available or where fraud rates are unacceptably high, businesses can easily expand into new markets. The end result is lower costs, larger markets, and less administrative costs
Security and control - bitcoin users have complete control over their own transactions; It is impossible for businesses to impose fees that may occur in other payment methods that should not be or are not easy to find. Payment with bitcoin can avoid binding personal information in the transaction, which provides great protection against identity theft. Users of bitcoin can also protect their funds through backup and encryption
transparent and neutral - all information about the bitcoin funding itself is stored in the block chain and can be verified and used by anyone in real time. No indivial or organization can control or manipulate the bitcoin protocol because it is password protected. This makes the bitcoin core believed to be completely neutral, transparent and predictable
in addition to bitcoin, the more popular virtual currencies are Wright coin, Fuyuan coin, Ruibo coin, dog coin, etc.
in the era of material abundance, money can buy what you want and enrich your life. Therefore, people have a dream of realizing wealth freedom and entering a better life there are many such dreams, which are often used. With the development of the Internet, online transactions have become more convenient and fast, people's financial management ideas have improved, and they will take spare money to invest, but the bank interest is low, the fund will not choose, and the stock water is too deep. Generally speaking, the income can't tempt greedy people
1. It is illegal to have a financial trading platform that is not recognized by China Securities Regulatory Commission and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission. With the concept of blockchain being put forward, virtual currency has become popular. In China, there are bitcoin, Leyte coin, Ruitai coin, etc. the income of these virtual currencies has been blown to be amazing. People who listen to these virtual currencies will be envious and have new illusions. They don't know that this is just a Ponzi scheme, and the virtual currency trading platform will trick investors into inviting them, After the investors' funds are cheated, there will be a series of figures. Some of them will fall sharply as soon as they buy, and smart people can stop losses. Some of them will go up sharply when they buy, and investors will continue to add chips, and finally they can't cash out
There is no official recognition of any virtual currency in China
different from sovereign currency, the "credit" basis of "virtual currency" is mathematical algorithm, and its price depends on the reliability of the algorithm, market confidence and other factors. There are many defects and loopholes in technology, and its value foundation is very fragile
the China Internet Finance Association recently announced that bitcoin and other so-called "virtual currencies" lack a clear value basis, the market has a strong speculative atmosphere, the price fluctuates violently, and investors blindly follow suit, which is easy to cause capital losses. There is no legal basis for the establishment of various so-called "currency" trading platforms in China
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in recent years, the price of bitcoin has risen rapidly, attracting a large number of people to enter. A large number of "virtual currencies" followed suit. In 2017, the price of Leyte increased by 476%, the price of Ruibo increased by 54 times, and the price of ether increased by 13 times
Li Aijun, Dean of the Internet Finance and Law Research Institute of China University of political science and law, believes that virtual currency is the proct of networking, and the digital information flowing in the network is beyond everyone's control. The code of cyberspace is the basis of the operation of virtual currency, investors can only operate through the front-end interface, seemingly "control" the virtual currency. The operator of the virtual currency service organization may become the actual controller of the virtual currency through the control code
Li Aijun, Dean of the Internet Finance and Law Research Institute of China University of political science and law, believes that virtual currency is the proct of networking, and the digital information flowing in the network is beyond everyone's control. The code of cyberspace is the basis of the operation of virtual currency, investors can only operate through the front-end interface, seemingly "control" the virtual currency. The operator of the virtual currency service organization may become the actual controller of the virtual currency through the control code
Du Yan believes that the existence of bitcoin and exchanges and other instrial chains has constructed an illegal financial market for asset transfer and financing beyond legal tender, increased the difficulty of regulatory authorities in managing financial security and stability, and promoted regulatory arbitrage and financial crimes. The risks and social security risks it brings to the financial market are far higher than its innovative value
investors should stick to rational investment, not blindly follow the trend, nor take chances. There are risks in investment, especially in the face of a new model, we should be more cautious in investment, so as not to become the target of wealth plunder by criminals
virtual currency and electronic currency are not the same concept
the definition of e-money is to convert a certain amount of cash or deposit from the issuer and obtain data representing the same amount. By using some electronic methods, the data can be directly transferred to the payment object, so as to pay off the debt. E-money means that consumers pay traditional money to issuers of e-money, and issuers store legal money of equal value with traditional money in electronic devices held by consumers P>
electronic currency is the electronization of the legal tender, including our common bank cards, Internet banking, electronic cash, etc., as well as the third party payment developed in recent years, such as Alipay, fortune paid and so on. No matter what form these electronic currencies are and through which institutions they circulate, their original source is the legal money issued by the central bank
but virtual currency is the electronization of illegal currency, and its original issuer is not the central bank. For example, Tencent Q currency and other game currency, such virtual currency is mainly limited to circulation in a specific virtual environment. After the emergence of bitcoin, through the blockchain technology to better solve the problem of decentralization, distrust, to achieve global circulation, is sought after in the world. Electronic currency and virtual currency are collectively referred to as digital currency
1. Q coin
Q coin, referred to as QB, also known as QQ coin, Tencent Q coin, etc. Usually its exchange rate is 1q currency = 1 RMB, with Tencent paipai net transactions are generally 10% off
QB is a virtual currency launched by Tencent, which can be used to pay for QQ bank number, QQ member service and other services. Tencent q-coin, through the purchase of QQ card, telephone recharge, bank card recharge, network recharge, mobile phone recharge card, one card recharge card and other ways to obtain
The face value of QQ card is 10 yuan, 15 yuan, 30 yuan, 60 yuan, 100 yuan and 200 yuan respectivelythere is another kind of electronic cryptocurrency, qqcoin, which is not related to each other
2. Litecoin
litecoin, abbreviated as LTC, currency symbol: Ł; It is a kind of network currency based on "peer-to-peer" technology. It is also an open source software project under MIT / X11 license. It can help users make instant payments to anyone in the world
lightcoin is inspired by bitcoin (BTC) and has the same implementation principle in technology. The creation and transfer of lightcoin is based on an open source encryption protocol and is not managed by any central organization
3, infinite coin
infinite coin (hereinafter referred to as IFC) is a new digital currency, which has more circulation advantages than bitcoin, and fills the short board of bitcoin in the field of commercial circulation and promoting commercial operation. The positioning of unlimited money is to serve the daily life of small transaction payment
one transaction of infinite coin needs three confirmations, each confirmation takes three seconds, and the transaction confirmation speed is very fast. Because bitcoin transaction needs 6 confirmations, which takes about 1 hour, and lightcoin transaction takes 15 minutes, infinite coin is used in daily common transactions, which is more practical
infinite coin was released on June 5, 2013. Based on scrypt POW algorithm. A block is generated in 30 seconds. In the initial block, there are 524288 infinite coins in each block. After that, for every 86400 blocks generated, the number of coins in the block is halved, with a total of 90.6 billion. The difficulty of mining is adjusted every hour
Quark coin is not the currency in real life, it exists safely in the computer of global networkquark network is protected by six most advanced encryption algorithms to ensure that it can become a digital ledger. The whole network uses each of the six functions to generate a proof of work, and the coin maker must "verify" these transactions to ensure that each coin increase is real and effective
only regular computer can participate in ensuring that it can maintain a highly secure peer-to-peer network, which makes it more decentralized
quark coins can only be g up through the CPU of regular computers. In the first 36 weeks, a total of 247605120 quark coins will be g out. Since March 30, 2014, the annual quark coins set at 1050000 can enter the market through "digging", and the block reward will never be less than one, which is currently two
Zetacoin is an open-source digital currency based on SHA-256 algorithm. The initial coin mining is 160 million coins, and the subsequent annual inflation is a better incentive, To keep the hash of the network is not pure transaction cost The total number ofzetacoin is 160 million, 1000 zets per block and half of 80640 zets per block
China does not have the first legal virtual currency. At the end of 2013, the central bank and other five ministries and commissions issued the bitcoin risk notice, which clearly defined bitcoin as a special Internet commodity, and the public can buy and sell it freely on the premise of taking their own risks
other digital confidential currencies are also suitable, such as Laite coin, the ancestor of Shanzhai coin, Fuyuan coin for business points in jewelry instry, dog coin for small reward, etc. But although virtual currency exists legally in our country, it is illegal to cheat under the guise of virtual currency
extended data
as the proct of e-commerce, virtual currency has begun to play an increasingly important role, and it is more and more connected with the real world. However, with the growth of virtual currency, the relevant laws and regulations are lagging behind, which has laid many hidden dangers
fraud
the private transactions of online virtual currency have realized the two-way circulation between virtual currency and RMB to a certain extent. The activity of these traders is to buy all kinds of virtual currencies and procts at a low price, and then sell them at a high price to earn profits. With the increase of such transactions, there are even virtual mints
in addition to the virtual currency provided by the main company, there are also some people who specialize in "virtual coin making" to obtain virtual currency by playing games and then resell it to other players. Take Wenzhou as an example, there are about seven or eight such "virtual mints" with four or five hundred practitioners. This not only creates a bubble for the price of the virtual currency itself, but also causes trouble for the normal sale of the issuing company. It also provides a platform for selling and collecting money and money laundering for various cyber crimes. p>
impact system
in modern financial system, the issuers of money are generally central banks, which are responsible for the management and supervision of money operation. As the equivalent exchange goods used to replace the real currency circulation on the Internet, the virtual currency on the Internet is essentially the same as the real currency. The difference is that the issuers are no longer central banks, but Internet companies
if the development of virtual currency makes it form a unified market, each company can exchange with each other, or virtual currency is integrated and unified, and all of them are based on the same standard and price, then in a sense, virtual currency is currency, which is likely to form a threat impact on the traditional financial system or economic operation
network problems
in addition to direct cash, virtual currency can also be purchased by SMS, internet transfer and fixed telephone recharge. These ways of purchase not only provide convenience for users, but also have many risks
such as embezzlement of telephone recharge and purchase by minors. In addition, virtual currency does not have the anti-counterfeiting technology of real currency. Computer hackers may use its security loopholes to proce counterfeit currency. Relevant personnel of the State Administration for Instry and Commerce said that virtual currency transaction is a business behavior derived from the Internet era, and there are no clear legal provisions to regulate it, and there are no items related to virtual goods transaction in the scope of instrial and commercial registration
but when the virtual property transaction graally employs people, places are fixed, transaction profits are clear, and has the nature of operation, it may involve market order and tax issues. Even game operators have no ability to control. There are a large number of "counterfeit banknote makers" in the network. Take the winger who is mainly engaged in chess and card online games as an example, the purchasing power of his online currency has shrunk by nearly 40% in one year. Many people point out that such inflation will only damage netizens and make them lose confidence in the Internet
reference source : network virtual currency
Strategic vision of talent cultivation
in the next 15 years, we will always maintain a world-class talent team that is good at large-scale hydropower project construction and power operation, and can lead the comprehensive development and utilization of the Yangtze River Basin, build a domestic first-class talent team with comparative advantages in the field of clean energy, and form a good environment for the common development of people and enterprises
talent cultivation concept and guiding ideology
establish the talent concept of pursuing first-class, paying attention to responsibility, encouraging innovation and achieving transcendence, take the scientific outlook on development as the guidance, take the development strategy of the head office as the basis, take solving the talent problems faced by the head office ring the strategic transformation period as the priority, focus on building the core and backbone talent team, and optimize the talent structure as the main line, We should focus on cultivating our own talents, appropriately introce high-end talents in urgent need, and form a talent management system that is compatible with the development strategy of the head office and with the group management, so as to make the overall strength and use efficiency of the talent team reach the level of world-class enterprises
talent training planning objective
1. Total amount objective. On the premise that the total number of basic talents remains basically stable, we should improve the overall basic quality in the dynamic adjustment, and cultivate about 1800 core and backbone talents, including about 200 core talents and about 1600 backbone talents. 2. The goal of talent structure. We will continue to maintain the dominant position in the number of technical personnel for hydropower project development and power operation management, and increase the proportion of professionals in immigration management, new energy, investment and financing, marketing, law, environmental protection, and public relations management in an orderly manner. Among the core talents, about 30% are large-scale hydropower project development talents, about 25% are large-scale hydropower station operation talents, about 15% are specialized company operation talents, about 10% are comprehensive development and utilization talents in the Yangtze River Basin, and 5% are cascade dispatching talents, capital operation talents, new energy development talents and headquarters. The professional structure of basic talents meets the requirements
3. Capacity building objectives. The five core competitiveness have been significantly improved, including the ability to build and manage large-scale engineering projects, to operate and manage world-class clean energy power stations, to develop and utilize cascade large-scale water conservancy projects, to operate capital market investment and financing, and to comprehensively develop and utilize the Yangtze River Basin; The sense of internationalization and marketization of the decision-making and senior management personnel of the group company and its affiliated companies has been further enhanced, and the strategic decision-making ability, the ability to grasp the team and lead the team, the market judgment ability, the development and innovation ability, the operation and management ability and the ability to control complex situations have been significantly improved; The ability of professional and technical personnel to make plans and carry out experiments, the ability of cooperation, innovation, foreign language ability, learning ability in multi-disciplinary teams, and the ability to solve challenging professional and technical problems have been significantly enhanced, forming a group of core technologies with instry-leading and independent intellectual property rights, and building a high-level professional leading talent team; The ability of skilled personnel to master high and new technology and master applicable technology has been significantly enhanced; The professional dedication, learning ability, professional level and team cooperation consciousness of basic talents have been greatly improved
talent training plan
1. Implement the basic talent training plan. By holding the "Three Gorges class", we can recruit potential excellent college students in advance. Strengthen the basic training of new recruits according to the three-year period. 2. We will implement the plan to promote key talents. We will establish a training system for young backbone personnel, which will be carried out every two years. We will select management technical backbone personnel under the age of 35 for centralized training, so as to speed up the growth of young talents
3. Every year, combined with the assessment of "four good teams" and employee performance assessment, we select and establish a reserve talent team, strengthen the training on the post by handing over tasks and burden, and promote the growth of reserve talents and the formation of echelons through job rotation, temporary training and overseas training
staff training principles and management system
staff training adheres to the principle of training on demand and learning for application, implements the management system of "unified planning, centralized management, hierarchical responsibility, classified implementation and covering all staff", and graally forms a sound, efficient and complete training system of the head office, so as to improve the ability of employees, enhance the performance of the organization, and promote the operation and management The coordinated development of the three teams of professional technology and skills can meet the strategic needs of building an international first-class clean energy group and realize the common development of enterprises and indivials< The training management organization is divided into five levels, including the human resources department of the head office and the training center; All functional departments, engineering construction departments and affiliated companies of the head office; All project departments and branches; Business department, workshop; Division and team
staff training curriculum system
the staff training curriculum of the head office is divided into management courses, professional courses and skills courses. The management category includes: inction training courses for new employees, training courses for excellent employees in recent five years, training courses for general managers, training courses for newly promoted cadres, training courses for middle-level cadres (Level 6 and 7), training courses for reserve talents / cadres (Level 5 and 6), training courses for department heads and team members of their companies. Professional categories include: engineering technology, power proction, finance and law, human resources, safety and environmental protection immigration, strategic planning, information technology, ideological and political (Corporate Culture), marketing, skill service and other categories. Skills include: general skills, professional skills< The training center of China Three Gorges Corporation (hereinafter referred to as the "training center") is located in the dam area of the Three Gorges project, which attracts worldwide attention. It is an ecational resource and training center of the development company of China Three Gorges Corporation (hereinafter referred to as the "China Three Gorges Corporation") The base of engineering ecation resources and social ecation resources (referred to as "three kinds of ecation resources") is also an important carrier of "building dam to ecate people and repay society" of China Three Gorges Corporation. The training center was established in 1994. After more than ten years of hard work, it has become "National College Students' teaching practice and social practice base, staff training base of China Three Gorges Corporation, National Water Conservancy and hydropower engineer training base, post doctoral research workstation of China Three Gorges Corporation and correspondence Station of three Gorges University Training Center" (referred to as "three bases and two stations"), More than 50000 college students from nearly 100 universities in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan have been received to practice in the construction site of the Three Gorges project, and more than 10000 talents have been trained for China Three Gorges Corporation and the hydropower and water conservancy instry. At the same time, the training center also undertakes the organization and arrangement of various large-scale reception activities of China Three Gorges Corporation, with an annual reception of more than 5000 people
the training center is 5 km away from the Three Gorges water control project and is closely connected with the famous scenic spots such as Jiuwan River, Shennong River and Sixi river. The 28 km "Three Gorges special road" is connected with Yichang and has convenient transportation. It is an important platform for experts' investigation, students' teaching practice, social practice, professional training, and so on It is an ideal place for investigation and tourism
the training center is composed of Jiaoyuan building, Xueyuan building, Yixin building, Yihua building and Zuixian building, with a construction area of 27000 square meters, and can accommodate 550 people at the same time
in the future, the training center takes "building dams to ecate people and repay the society" as its service purpose, takes the development of "three kinds of ecation resources" as its starting point, and takes "three bases and two stations" as its link to strengthen the close cooperation between enterprises and all sectors of the society. It has become an important window for China Three Gorges Corporation to face the world and the society