Virtual currency export
Publish: 2021-05-03 01:32:50
1.
1、 Different definitions:
1. virtual currency:
virtual currency refers to non real currency
digital currency:digital currency is an alternative currency in the form of electronic currency. Both digital gold coin and cryptocurrency belong to digiccy
3. Cryptocurrency:
cryptocurrency is a kind of transaction medium that uses cryptography principles to ensure transaction security and control the creation of transaction units
4. Token (token):
a kind of article whose shape and size are similar to currency, but the scope of use is limited and has no currency effect, and its token is the homonym of token in English
Second, the characteristics are different:1; It can also be said that virtual currency is personalized currency. In another way, it can also be called information currency
2. Digital currency:
is an unregulated and digital currency, which is usually issued and managed by developers and accepted and used by members of specific virtual communities
Cryptocurrency:cryptocurrency is based on the decentralized consensus mechanism, which is opposite to the banking and financial system relying on the centralized regulatory system
4. Token (token):
usually needs to be exchanged for money, used in shops, playgrounds, mass transportation and other places, as a voucher to use services and exchange goods
extended data
at present, digital currency is more like an investment proct, because it lacks a strong guarantee agency to maintain its price stability, and its role as a value measure has not yet appeared, so it can not be used as a means of payment. As an investment proct, digital currency cannot develop without trading platform, operating company and investment company
digital currency is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, the blockchain technology it relies on has been decentralized and can be used in other fields except digital currency, which is one of the reasons why bitcoin is popular; On the other hand, if digital currency is widely used by the public as a kind of currency, it will have a huge impact on the effectiveness of monetary policy, financial infrastructure, financial market and financial stability
2.
virtual currency and electronic currency are not the same concept
the definition of e-money is to convert a certain amount of cash or deposit from the issuer and obtain data representing the same amount. By using some electronic methods, the data can be directly transferred to the payment object, so as to pay off the debt. E-money means that consumers pay traditional money to issuers of e-money, and issuers store legal money of equal value with traditional money in electronic devices held by consumers
electronic currency is the electronization of the legal tender, including our common bank cards, Internet banking, electronic cash, etc., as well as the third party payment developed in recent years, such as Alipay, fortune paid and so on. No matter what form these electronic currencies are and through which institutions they circulate, their original source is the legal money issued by the central bank
but virtual currency is the electronization of illegal currency, and its original issuer is not the central bank. For example, Tencent Q currency and other game currency, such virtual currency is mainly limited to circulation in a specific virtual environment. After the emergence of bitcoin, through the blockchain technology to better solve the problem of decentralization, distrust, to achieve global circulation, is sought after in the world. Electronic currency and virtual currency are collectively referred to as digital currency
3. Hello friend, digital currency is not recommended
4. If all countries use virtual currency, there will still be exchange rate. If the exchange rate is determined by the people's Bank of China, it must be determined by export trade
5. Dollar, euro, pound
RMB continued to appreciate relative to the US dollar. Therefore, it is suggested to use euro /
if you are engaged in foreign trade business, it depends on the exchange rate of RMB. If you are an import commodity, you should use soft currency, that is, a currency that is easy to depreciate or tends to depreciate. If you are an export commodity, you should use hard currency, To avoid foreign exchange losses.
besides, the recent trend of RMB exchange rate still has the possibility of appreciation, so RMB belongs to the hard currency, while the US dollar belongs to the soft currency.
first, the diversification trend of international settlement methods
(1) international trade has changed from the seller's market to the buyer's market, and the way of requiring the buyer to issue L / C is graally out of date. Letter of credit is one of the main settlement methods in international trade settlement. Compared with the other two traditional methods of international trade remittance and collection, letter of credit has incomparable advantages: first, in the remittance method and collection method, the buyer and the seller rely on the commercial credit, whether the credit granting party can smoothly recover the payment or receive the goods that meet the requirements after providing the credit, It all depends on the credit of the other party; The letter of credit is a kind of bank credit. As long as the exporter provides the documents in line with the provisions of the letter of credit, the issuing bank must bear the responsibility of the first payment. Due to the intervention of the bank, the letter of credit has successfully solved the problem that the importers and exporters in different countries do not understand and trust each other in international trade, and has played a role in promoting the development of international trade. Secondly, in the mode of remittance and collection, the capital occupation and settlement risks are all concentrated in the credit providers -- the exporters in the mode of collection, the importers in the mode of prepayment and the exporters in the mode of cash on delivery. In the mode of letter of credit, the exporters can recover the payment quickly through negotiation after shipping the goods and presenting the documents, Importers only need to pay a certain proportion of the deposit when they apply for L / C, and the rest of the payment will be paid when the issuing bank presents the documents for foreign exchange. Therefore, the financial burden and risk bearing are relatively scattered. However, since the 1990s, the proportion of L / C in international settlement has been declining, and there has been a trend of diversified settlement methods in the field of international trade settlement. The reasons are various:
1. The buyer's market makes the choice of settlement method more accommodating to the buyer. Nowadays, the international commodity market is in a typical buyer's market, and the competition of export commodities is extremely fierce, which is relatively favorable to the buyer. The buyer is more and more inclined to choose some payment methods which are beneficial to him, but is not willing to use the letter of credit which is relatively beneficial to the seller and unfavorable to the buyer for settlement. In the form of L / C, the buyer needs to pay the L / C deposit to the issuing bank when applying for L / C, which results in the capital being occupied. In this case, if the seller blindly requires L / C settlement, it will only delay business opportunities and weaken its competitiveness
2. Letter of credit also has some defects. Although letter of credit has many advantages, it is not perfect. Its defects are as follows: (1) the risk has not been completely eliminated. Under the mode of L / C, the exporter may still encounter the risk of the importer not opening the L / C or not opening the L / C on time, and the exporter's Bank may encounter the risk of the L / C bank's bankruptcy or unreasonable refusal to pay 2) UCP500, uniform customs and practices for documentary credits; An undertaking by a bank to pay, accept and pay a bill of exchange or to negotiate or perform other obligations under the credit shall not be subject to any claim or defense arising from the existing relationship between the applicant and the issuing bank or the beneficiary& quot; Therefore, as long as the documents submitted by the exporter comply with the terms of the L / C, even if the importer finds that the quantity or quality of the goods is not in conformity with the documents, the issuing bank can not take it as a reason for refusing to pay the exporter's Bank, but can only claim against the beneficiary after the importer takes delivery of the goods. Letter of credit (L / C), which only recognizes documents but does not recognize goods, provides opportunities for illegal businessmen. It is also common for exporters to cheat with fake goods and fake documents 3) The settlement procere is complex and the cost is high. Compared with other settlement methods, the L / C method not only has the necessary delivery, presentation, collection and payment, but also increases the links of applying for L / C, notifying L / C, negotiating and examining documents. The proceres are complex, the expenses are high, and the import cost is increased
3. Modern commercial banks can provide multi-level intermediary services in international settlement. In recent years, with the enhancement of bank's own ability, its influence on international trade settlement is graally expanding, which makes it possible to diversify trade settlement methods. Banks can make full use of their own advantages, such as many outlets, wide contacts, strong financial strength and rich experience, to provide multi-functional services for importers and exporters, such as credit investigation, accounting treatment, credit guarantee and financing, so as to help both sides simplify proceres, rece capital occupation, save non proctive costs and even transfer risks< (2) with the deepening of specialization and intensification of proction and operation under international trade, international factoring business has developed rapidly. International factoring is a new way of international trade settlement, which integrates modern information financing services, account management and credit insurance. It will bring benefits to both sides of the trade, for exporters, the use of international factoring settlement: 1, can guarantee the safe recovery of payment. As the factoring business provides 100% credit insurance, the exporter can completely avoid the commercial credit risk of not receiving the payment when it is e. As long as the exporter abides by the sales contract and factoring contract, he can get part of the payment in advance without recourse. 2. Financing convenience. Under the International Factoring Agreement, the exporter can obtain part of the payment for goods after loading the goods, as long as he provides the invoice and relevant shipping documents to the factoring agent, thus speeding up the capital turnover. 3. It is beneficial for exporters to develop new customers and expand the market. Factoring provides a package of comprehensive services for exporters, thus saving time and cost for them to develop the international market. For importers, its advantages are as follows: 1. Adopting international factoring settlement can simplify import proceres, eliminate the requirement of asset mortgage or deposit under L / C, and rece the occupation of working capital or credit line. 2. Because the importer pays after receiving the goods, plus the binding effect of factoring, the delivery date and the quality and quantity of the goods can be guaranteed, which can eliminate various risks under other international settlement methods to a great extent< (3) with the change of commodity structure in international trade, the business of buying bills and bank guarantees is widely used. Like the international factoring business, the package bill business is to purchase the creditor's rights receivable of the exporter without recourse to finance and pass on the risk, but the term of the package bill business is slightly longer and the amount is larger; Under the international trade letter of guarantee, large banks can promote an international economic transaction only with their own good credit, which can avoid the disadvantages of L / C, such as various proceres and high cost, so it is welcomed by both sides of the transaction< (1) RMB is not yet fully convertible, the exchange rate formation mechanism is not perfect, and the exchange rate risk of international settlement is high. At present, RMB is only convertible under current account and the current system of bank settlement and sale of foreign exchange makes it impossible for China to settle its trade balance with other countries freely, and the foreign exchange income of enterprises under trade must be sold to banks. The foreign exchange rate is set by the central bank in combination with various factors (such as political factors - maintaining financial stability). Even if the cost of earning foreign exchange is much higher than the actual exchange rate, the enterprises have to sell it. This not only makes the export enterprises suffer from certain exchange rate risk, but also brings greater exchange rate risk to the commercial banks dealing with international factoring, buying bills and other international settlement business
(2) there are few kinds of international settlement business handled by commercial banks in China, which is difficult to meet the needs of customers. At present, the international settlement business handled by China's commercial banks is limited to traditional settlement varieties such as letter of credit, collection and remittance, and the financing settlement business is still in the stage of exploration and development
(3) the degree of electronic and network settlement technology is not high. At present, although commercial banks have basically realized the computer processing of some conventional businesses, many branches have not joined the swift system, and most of the international settlement businesses have not been fully automated. Compared with the modern electronic network of international banks and the automatic processing of all aspects of international settlement, the work efficiency of international settlement of China's banking instry is relatively low, so it is inevitable that a large number of international settlement business will be lost< (4) the quality of international settlement practitioners can not meet the requirements of diversified international settlement methods. In China, e to historical reasons, banks have been closed for many years, and there is a serious shortage of international settlement talents who have both knowledge of international finance and are familiar with computers and foreign languages< In the face of the trend of diversification of international settlement methods and the opportunities and challenges brought by China's accession to the WTO, China's banking instry should take measures as soon as possible to achieve strategic adjustment
(1) vigorously develop new varieties of international settlement business. With the success of China's entry into WTO, the development of China's foreign trade has put forward higher requirements for the international settlement business of banks. China's banking instry should seize this historical opportunity and increase its attention and investment in the international settlement business. First, we should do a good job in the basic international settlement business of remittance, collection and letter of credit. Second, we should pay attention to the research on the expansion of new trade financing business for the purpose of striving for foreign trade settlement. The more convenient the financing is, the more attractive the bank will be to customers, and the faster the international settlement business will develop. Therefore, according to the needs of the development of the situation, China's commercial banks should timely update the relevant business operation proceres and launch various new businesses, such as import documentary, export collection mortgage loan, spot export collection documentary, forward export L / C documentary, etc. As soon as possible, we should start export factoring business, buy bills and other low-cost import and export business, vigorously develop new financing business for the purpose of striving for settlement documents, provide customers with all-round and multi-functional financial services, establish high-quality customer base, and consolidate the customer position for the development of international settlement business
(2) relying on RMB business to develop international trade settlement. The development of international trade settlement must rely on RMB business for two reasons: first, RMB is the accounting currency of domestic enterprises, and it is forbidden to use foreign currency for valuation and circulation in China, so the business transactions of enterprises cannot be separated from RMB settlement business; Second, the settlement and sale of foreign exchange business in international trade settlement needs the support of RMB funds
(3) increase the investment in the electronic and network construction of international settlement business, and promote the modernization of international settlement means. 1. The central bank should consider the overall planning of the electronic construction of the whole financial system, establish a centralized, unified and efficient modern electronic network settlement system, and realize the network resource sharing of all commercial banks. 2. Improve the trade financing customer information sharing network system. 3. EDI is used for international settlement, and documents can be obtained
RMB continued to appreciate relative to the US dollar. Therefore, it is suggested to use euro /
if you are engaged in foreign trade business, it depends on the exchange rate of RMB. If you are an import commodity, you should use soft currency, that is, a currency that is easy to depreciate or tends to depreciate. If you are an export commodity, you should use hard currency, To avoid foreign exchange losses.
besides, the recent trend of RMB exchange rate still has the possibility of appreciation, so RMB belongs to the hard currency, while the US dollar belongs to the soft currency.
first, the diversification trend of international settlement methods
(1) international trade has changed from the seller's market to the buyer's market, and the way of requiring the buyer to issue L / C is graally out of date. Letter of credit is one of the main settlement methods in international trade settlement. Compared with the other two traditional methods of international trade remittance and collection, letter of credit has incomparable advantages: first, in the remittance method and collection method, the buyer and the seller rely on the commercial credit, whether the credit granting party can smoothly recover the payment or receive the goods that meet the requirements after providing the credit, It all depends on the credit of the other party; The letter of credit is a kind of bank credit. As long as the exporter provides the documents in line with the provisions of the letter of credit, the issuing bank must bear the responsibility of the first payment. Due to the intervention of the bank, the letter of credit has successfully solved the problem that the importers and exporters in different countries do not understand and trust each other in international trade, and has played a role in promoting the development of international trade. Secondly, in the mode of remittance and collection, the capital occupation and settlement risks are all concentrated in the credit providers -- the exporters in the mode of collection, the importers in the mode of prepayment and the exporters in the mode of cash on delivery. In the mode of letter of credit, the exporters can recover the payment quickly through negotiation after shipping the goods and presenting the documents, Importers only need to pay a certain proportion of the deposit when they apply for L / C, and the rest of the payment will be paid when the issuing bank presents the documents for foreign exchange. Therefore, the financial burden and risk bearing are relatively scattered. However, since the 1990s, the proportion of L / C in international settlement has been declining, and there has been a trend of diversified settlement methods in the field of international trade settlement. The reasons are various:
1. The buyer's market makes the choice of settlement method more accommodating to the buyer. Nowadays, the international commodity market is in a typical buyer's market, and the competition of export commodities is extremely fierce, which is relatively favorable to the buyer. The buyer is more and more inclined to choose some payment methods which are beneficial to him, but is not willing to use the letter of credit which is relatively beneficial to the seller and unfavorable to the buyer for settlement. In the form of L / C, the buyer needs to pay the L / C deposit to the issuing bank when applying for L / C, which results in the capital being occupied. In this case, if the seller blindly requires L / C settlement, it will only delay business opportunities and weaken its competitiveness
2. Letter of credit also has some defects. Although letter of credit has many advantages, it is not perfect. Its defects are as follows: (1) the risk has not been completely eliminated. Under the mode of L / C, the exporter may still encounter the risk of the importer not opening the L / C or not opening the L / C on time, and the exporter's Bank may encounter the risk of the L / C bank's bankruptcy or unreasonable refusal to pay 2) UCP500, uniform customs and practices for documentary credits; An undertaking by a bank to pay, accept and pay a bill of exchange or to negotiate or perform other obligations under the credit shall not be subject to any claim or defense arising from the existing relationship between the applicant and the issuing bank or the beneficiary& quot; Therefore, as long as the documents submitted by the exporter comply with the terms of the L / C, even if the importer finds that the quantity or quality of the goods is not in conformity with the documents, the issuing bank can not take it as a reason for refusing to pay the exporter's Bank, but can only claim against the beneficiary after the importer takes delivery of the goods. Letter of credit (L / C), which only recognizes documents but does not recognize goods, provides opportunities for illegal businessmen. It is also common for exporters to cheat with fake goods and fake documents 3) The settlement procere is complex and the cost is high. Compared with other settlement methods, the L / C method not only has the necessary delivery, presentation, collection and payment, but also increases the links of applying for L / C, notifying L / C, negotiating and examining documents. The proceres are complex, the expenses are high, and the import cost is increased
3. Modern commercial banks can provide multi-level intermediary services in international settlement. In recent years, with the enhancement of bank's own ability, its influence on international trade settlement is graally expanding, which makes it possible to diversify trade settlement methods. Banks can make full use of their own advantages, such as many outlets, wide contacts, strong financial strength and rich experience, to provide multi-functional services for importers and exporters, such as credit investigation, accounting treatment, credit guarantee and financing, so as to help both sides simplify proceres, rece capital occupation, save non proctive costs and even transfer risks< (2) with the deepening of specialization and intensification of proction and operation under international trade, international factoring business has developed rapidly. International factoring is a new way of international trade settlement, which integrates modern information financing services, account management and credit insurance. It will bring benefits to both sides of the trade, for exporters, the use of international factoring settlement: 1, can guarantee the safe recovery of payment. As the factoring business provides 100% credit insurance, the exporter can completely avoid the commercial credit risk of not receiving the payment when it is e. As long as the exporter abides by the sales contract and factoring contract, he can get part of the payment in advance without recourse. 2. Financing convenience. Under the International Factoring Agreement, the exporter can obtain part of the payment for goods after loading the goods, as long as he provides the invoice and relevant shipping documents to the factoring agent, thus speeding up the capital turnover. 3. It is beneficial for exporters to develop new customers and expand the market. Factoring provides a package of comprehensive services for exporters, thus saving time and cost for them to develop the international market. For importers, its advantages are as follows: 1. Adopting international factoring settlement can simplify import proceres, eliminate the requirement of asset mortgage or deposit under L / C, and rece the occupation of working capital or credit line. 2. Because the importer pays after receiving the goods, plus the binding effect of factoring, the delivery date and the quality and quantity of the goods can be guaranteed, which can eliminate various risks under other international settlement methods to a great extent< (3) with the change of commodity structure in international trade, the business of buying bills and bank guarantees is widely used. Like the international factoring business, the package bill business is to purchase the creditor's rights receivable of the exporter without recourse to finance and pass on the risk, but the term of the package bill business is slightly longer and the amount is larger; Under the international trade letter of guarantee, large banks can promote an international economic transaction only with their own good credit, which can avoid the disadvantages of L / C, such as various proceres and high cost, so it is welcomed by both sides of the transaction< (1) RMB is not yet fully convertible, the exchange rate formation mechanism is not perfect, and the exchange rate risk of international settlement is high. At present, RMB is only convertible under current account and the current system of bank settlement and sale of foreign exchange makes it impossible for China to settle its trade balance with other countries freely, and the foreign exchange income of enterprises under trade must be sold to banks. The foreign exchange rate is set by the central bank in combination with various factors (such as political factors - maintaining financial stability). Even if the cost of earning foreign exchange is much higher than the actual exchange rate, the enterprises have to sell it. This not only makes the export enterprises suffer from certain exchange rate risk, but also brings greater exchange rate risk to the commercial banks dealing with international factoring, buying bills and other international settlement business
(2) there are few kinds of international settlement business handled by commercial banks in China, which is difficult to meet the needs of customers. At present, the international settlement business handled by China's commercial banks is limited to traditional settlement varieties such as letter of credit, collection and remittance, and the financing settlement business is still in the stage of exploration and development
(3) the degree of electronic and network settlement technology is not high. At present, although commercial banks have basically realized the computer processing of some conventional businesses, many branches have not joined the swift system, and most of the international settlement businesses have not been fully automated. Compared with the modern electronic network of international banks and the automatic processing of all aspects of international settlement, the work efficiency of international settlement of China's banking instry is relatively low, so it is inevitable that a large number of international settlement business will be lost< (4) the quality of international settlement practitioners can not meet the requirements of diversified international settlement methods. In China, e to historical reasons, banks have been closed for many years, and there is a serious shortage of international settlement talents who have both knowledge of international finance and are familiar with computers and foreign languages< In the face of the trend of diversification of international settlement methods and the opportunities and challenges brought by China's accession to the WTO, China's banking instry should take measures as soon as possible to achieve strategic adjustment
(1) vigorously develop new varieties of international settlement business. With the success of China's entry into WTO, the development of China's foreign trade has put forward higher requirements for the international settlement business of banks. China's banking instry should seize this historical opportunity and increase its attention and investment in the international settlement business. First, we should do a good job in the basic international settlement business of remittance, collection and letter of credit. Second, we should pay attention to the research on the expansion of new trade financing business for the purpose of striving for foreign trade settlement. The more convenient the financing is, the more attractive the bank will be to customers, and the faster the international settlement business will develop. Therefore, according to the needs of the development of the situation, China's commercial banks should timely update the relevant business operation proceres and launch various new businesses, such as import documentary, export collection mortgage loan, spot export collection documentary, forward export L / C documentary, etc. As soon as possible, we should start export factoring business, buy bills and other low-cost import and export business, vigorously develop new financing business for the purpose of striving for settlement documents, provide customers with all-round and multi-functional financial services, establish high-quality customer base, and consolidate the customer position for the development of international settlement business
(2) relying on RMB business to develop international trade settlement. The development of international trade settlement must rely on RMB business for two reasons: first, RMB is the accounting currency of domestic enterprises, and it is forbidden to use foreign currency for valuation and circulation in China, so the business transactions of enterprises cannot be separated from RMB settlement business; Second, the settlement and sale of foreign exchange business in international trade settlement needs the support of RMB funds
(3) increase the investment in the electronic and network construction of international settlement business, and promote the modernization of international settlement means. 1. The central bank should consider the overall planning of the electronic construction of the whole financial system, establish a centralized, unified and efficient modern electronic network settlement system, and realize the network resource sharing of all commercial banks. 2. Improve the trade financing customer information sharing network system. 3. EDI is used for international settlement, and documents can be obtained
6. Q: in the past, we used to pay US dollars for export declaration. Now foreign customers want to pay RMB. Does it affect the tax rebate? Then, if you pay RMB, what is the difference between the time of export declaration and before
A: when your company exports, the export declaration form is RMB, and foreign customers pay RMB, which does not affect the processing of export tax rebate. The RMB settlement scope of cross-border trade has been expanded to the whole country. According to Guo Shui Han [2010] No. 303 document, the written materials and processing proceres required for export enterprises to declare tax refund (Exemption) of export goods settled in RMB are exactly the same as those for export business settled in other foreign currencies. There is only difference in electronic data declaration, that is, adding corresponding marks in the detailed data of export tax refund (Exemption). The specific operations are as follows:
(1) foreign trade enterprises
when applying for tax refund (Exemption) of export goods in RMB settlement mode of cross-border trade, they can report to the competent tax authorities alone or together with other export goods. When entering export details, the foreign trade enterprise's export tax rebate declaration system only has the column of "FOB in US dollars". If the declaration is made in RMB, the RMB FOB can be directly entered in the column of "FOB in US dollars", and "kJ" must be marked in the record column, and "kJ cross border trade" shall be selected as the business code
(2) the RMB settlement business of cross-border trade of proction enterprises should be declared together with other export goods. "RMB" must be filled in the column of "original currency code" in the "entry of detailed declaration of export goods" of the export tax rebate declaration system of the proction enterprise“ "RMB" must be filled in "original currency"“ The column of "FOB in original currency" shall be filled in according to the amount of RMB FOB“ Fill in "100" in the column of "exchange rate in original currency"“ The "US dollar exchange rate" column shall be filled in according to the actual exchange rate; The record column is marked with "kJ", and the business type code is "kJ cross border trade".
A: when your company exports, the export declaration form is RMB, and foreign customers pay RMB, which does not affect the processing of export tax rebate. The RMB settlement scope of cross-border trade has been expanded to the whole country. According to Guo Shui Han [2010] No. 303 document, the written materials and processing proceres required for export enterprises to declare tax refund (Exemption) of export goods settled in RMB are exactly the same as those for export business settled in other foreign currencies. There is only difference in electronic data declaration, that is, adding corresponding marks in the detailed data of export tax refund (Exemption). The specific operations are as follows:
(1) foreign trade enterprises
when applying for tax refund (Exemption) of export goods in RMB settlement mode of cross-border trade, they can report to the competent tax authorities alone or together with other export goods. When entering export details, the foreign trade enterprise's export tax rebate declaration system only has the column of "FOB in US dollars". If the declaration is made in RMB, the RMB FOB can be directly entered in the column of "FOB in US dollars", and "kJ" must be marked in the record column, and "kJ cross border trade" shall be selected as the business code
(2) the RMB settlement business of cross-border trade of proction enterprises should be declared together with other export goods. "RMB" must be filled in the column of "original currency code" in the "entry of detailed declaration of export goods" of the export tax rebate declaration system of the proction enterprise“ "RMB" must be filled in "original currency"“ The column of "FOB in original currency" shall be filled in according to the amount of RMB FOB“ Fill in "100" in the column of "exchange rate in original currency"“ The "US dollar exchange rate" column shall be filled in according to the actual exchange rate; The record column is marked with "kJ", and the business type code is "kJ cross border trade".
7. The concept of foreign exchange has two meanings, namely, dynamic and static
the static concept of foreign exchange can be divided into narrow foreign exchange concept and broad foreign exchange concept
in a narrow sense, foreign exchange refers to all kinds of payment means expressed in foreign currency, which are generally accepted by all countries and can be used for international debt settlement. It must have three characteristics: payment (assets that must be expressed in foreign currency), availability (claims that can be compensated abroad) and convertibility (foreign currency assets that can be freely converted into other means of payment)
in a broad sense, foreign exchange refers to all the foreign currency assets owned by a country. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) defines foreign exchange transaction as: "foreign exchange is the creditor's right that the monetary Administration (central bank, monetary management agency, exchange stabilization fund and the Ministry of Finance) can use in the event of international income and expenditure deficit in the form of bank deposits, treasury bonds, long-term and short-term government securities." The regulations on the administration of foreign exchange amended and promulgated by China in 1997 stipulates that "foreign exchange refers to the following means of payment and assets expressed in foreign currency that can be used for international settlement: 1. Foreign currency, including coins, bank notes, etc; 2. Foreign currency payment certificates, including bills, bank deposit certificates, postal savings certificates, etc; 3. Foreign currency securities, including government bonds, treasury bonds, corporate bonds, stocks, coupons, etc; (IV) special drawing rights and European monetary units; 5. Other foreign exchange assets. "
the dynamic concept of foreign exchange refers to the flow of money among countries and the specialized business activities of converting one country's currency into another country's currency in order to pay off international creditor's rights and debts. It is short for foreign exchange.
the static concept of foreign exchange can be divided into narrow foreign exchange concept and broad foreign exchange concept
in a narrow sense, foreign exchange refers to all kinds of payment means expressed in foreign currency, which are generally accepted by all countries and can be used for international debt settlement. It must have three characteristics: payment (assets that must be expressed in foreign currency), availability (claims that can be compensated abroad) and convertibility (foreign currency assets that can be freely converted into other means of payment)
in a broad sense, foreign exchange refers to all the foreign currency assets owned by a country. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) defines foreign exchange transaction as: "foreign exchange is the creditor's right that the monetary Administration (central bank, monetary management agency, exchange stabilization fund and the Ministry of Finance) can use in the event of international income and expenditure deficit in the form of bank deposits, treasury bonds, long-term and short-term government securities." The regulations on the administration of foreign exchange amended and promulgated by China in 1997 stipulates that "foreign exchange refers to the following means of payment and assets expressed in foreign currency that can be used for international settlement: 1. Foreign currency, including coins, bank notes, etc; 2. Foreign currency payment certificates, including bills, bank deposit certificates, postal savings certificates, etc; 3. Foreign currency securities, including government bonds, treasury bonds, corporate bonds, stocks, coupons, etc; (IV) special drawing rights and European monetary units; 5. Other foreign exchange assets. "
the dynamic concept of foreign exchange refers to the flow of money among countries and the specialized business activities of converting one country's currency into another country's currency in order to pay off international creditor's rights and debts. It is short for foreign exchange.
8. Hello! BOC can operate this business
as long as the guest company has a company RMB account in the local area, you can use the RMB basic account to receive it
before a customer makes a payment, call BOC to inquire about the opening and processing process of cross-border RMB business. They will send you the corresponding documents, fill in the back cover seal and hand them over to the bank
in addition, you need to give the CNAPS
code of your RMB basic account to your customers. Only with this code can you make a payment
as for Sichuan, which is a pilot area of overseas RMB collection, I'm not sure in Guangdong. For details, you'd better consult your bank. Hope to help you.
as long as the guest company has a company RMB account in the local area, you can use the RMB basic account to receive it
before a customer makes a payment, call BOC to inquire about the opening and processing process of cross-border RMB business. They will send you the corresponding documents, fill in the back cover seal and hand them over to the bank
in addition, you need to give the CNAPS
code of your RMB basic account to your customers. Only with this code can you make a payment
as for Sichuan, which is a pilot area of overseas RMB collection, I'm not sure in Guangdong. For details, you'd better consult your bank. Hope to help you.
9. It can only be said that the export profit has increased
for example, if the exchange rate was 6.3 for us $10000 goods, then the income was 63000 yuan
now the exchange rate is 6.83, and the income was 68000 yuan for us $10000 goods
increased the profit by 5300 yuan
the depreciation of RMB will increase the profit for foreign trade, But I think it's just a short-term depreciation, foreign customers will hold down the price, and domestic commodity prices will also be affected
for example, if the exchange rate was 6.3 for us $10000 goods, then the income was 63000 yuan
now the exchange rate is 6.83, and the income was 68000 yuan for us $10000 goods
increased the profit by 5300 yuan
the depreciation of RMB will increase the profit for foreign trade, But I think it's just a short-term depreciation, foreign customers will hold down the price, and domestic commodity prices will also be affected
10. Foreign exchange collection for export is in coins (that is, hard currency). Settlement can ensure that your forward foreign exchange collection will not depreciate. Soft currency (soft currency) for import can save a part of the payment cost e to the devaluation of soft currency
hard currency refers to the currency with good international credit, stable currency value and firm exchange rate. Due to the different degrees of inflation, balance of payments and foreign exchange control, when a country's inflation rate is low and balance of payments surplus, its currency value is relatively stable and exchange rate is strong. In the international financial market, it is used to be called hard currency
in international trade, it is generally beneficial for exporters to settle in hard currency. In international credit, loans in hard currency are beneficial to creditors. Keeping foreign hard currency in international reserves is concive to the stability of the value of reserve assets, and can avoid and rece the risks caused by the fluctuation of international financial situation. Therefore, when the foreign exchange market fluctuates, hard currency becomes the target of rush buying. US dollar, euro, Australian dollar, British pound, Japanese yen and Swiss Franc are all hard currencies
soft currency is opposite to hard currency. It refers to the currency with unstable value and weak exchange rate. Due to the excessive issuance of money, the gold content or purchasing power of paper money will continue to decline, and the price ratio with other countries' currencies will also continue to decline. In addition, a large deficit in the balance of payments will make the ratio of one country's currency to other countries' currencies continue to decline. In the international financial market, this kind of currency with declining value and weak exchange rate is usually called soft currency< br />
hard currency refers to the currency with good international credit, stable currency value and firm exchange rate. Due to the different degrees of inflation, balance of payments and foreign exchange control, when a country's inflation rate is low and balance of payments surplus, its currency value is relatively stable and exchange rate is strong. In the international financial market, it is used to be called hard currency
in international trade, it is generally beneficial for exporters to settle in hard currency. In international credit, loans in hard currency are beneficial to creditors. Keeping foreign hard currency in international reserves is concive to the stability of the value of reserve assets, and can avoid and rece the risks caused by the fluctuation of international financial situation. Therefore, when the foreign exchange market fluctuates, hard currency becomes the target of rush buying. US dollar, euro, Australian dollar, British pound, Japanese yen and Swiss Franc are all hard currencies
soft currency is opposite to hard currency. It refers to the currency with unstable value and weak exchange rate. Due to the excessive issuance of money, the gold content or purchasing power of paper money will continue to decline, and the price ratio with other countries' currencies will also continue to decline. In addition, a large deficit in the balance of payments will make the ratio of one country's currency to other countries' currencies continue to decline. In the international financial market, this kind of currency with declining value and weak exchange rate is usually called soft currency< br />
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