Virtual currency casting
It is illegal to issue virtual currency privately
According to Article 29 of the regulations of the people's Republic of China on the administration of RMB, no unit or indivial is allowed to print or sell token tickets to replace RMB in circulation on the market In addition, the "emergency notice of the State Council Office for rectifying unhealthy tendencies in the instry, the State Economic and Trade Commission and the people's Bank of China on prohibiting the issuance and use of various token certificates (cards)" also strictly prohibited similar issues
extended data
virtual currency refers to non real currency. Well known virtual currencies, such as online currency of Internet company, q-coin of Tencent company, q-point and voucher of Shanda company, micro currency launched by Sina (used for micro games, Sina reading, etc.), chivalrous Yuanbao (used for chivalrous road game), silver grain (used for bixue Qingtian game), and popular digital currencies in 2013 include bitcoin, Laite coin, infinite coin, quark coin, zeta coin, etc Barbecue coins, pennies (Internet), invisible gold bars, red coins, prime coins. At present, hundreds of digital currencies are issued all over the world. Popular in the circle & quot; The legend of "bitcoin, Wright silver, infinite copper, pennies aluminum"
market formation
the Internet has led to the emergence of a new market, which is a virtual market based on cyberspace. The Internet provides a lot of communication places for consumers, and also provides business market for enterprises. Enterprises must change from proct centered to service centered to customer centered. With the development of computer artificial intelligence technology and database technology, enterprises can conveniently collect customers' information, understand customers' needs in time, change business strategies and grasp economic arteries in real time
With the rapid development of computer and network communication technology, the application of Internet technology has graally penetrated into various fields of human activities, and the unlimited business opportunities that it contains make businesses turn their eyes to e-commerce. E-commerce is penetrating into all aspects of social and economic life at a speed that people can hardly imaginethe traditional finance is also closely watching this irresistible trend of global economic integration and networking. As a result, value-added services take art as the selling point and can be regarded as commodities; The sword in the game is not a brand-new financial services business philosophy - e-finance came into being
from the historical development process, to understand e-finance, we must start from the electronic finance and e-commerce. The so-called e-financialization means that financial enterprises adopt modern communication, computer, network and other information technology means in addition to Internet technology to improve the work efficiency of traditional financial service business, rece operating costs, realize the automation of financial business processing, informatization of financial enterprise management and scientific decision-making, and provide customers with faster and more convenient services, And then enhance the financial enterprise is the behavior of market competitive advantage
e-finance is a transcendence of financial electronization. Different from the electronic finance, the main technical basis of e-finance operation is the increasingly perfect Internet technology. Due to the characteristics of global connectivity, openness, quickness and low marginal cost of Internet technology, e-finance strengthens the restructuring and innovation of financial services business based on Internet technology, so that customers are free from the restrictions of business hours and places, and enjoy all kinds of high-quality and low-cost services provided by financial enterprises anytime and anywhere
with the development of Internet, the form of money is becoming more virtual, and there is an electronic money that only exists in the form of electronic signal
reference source: Network: virtual currency
this is also a distributed (decentralized) digital currency. Unlike the sha256 mining algorithm used by bitcoin, LTC adopts scrypt algorithm. Scrypt algorithm uses sha256 as its subroutine, and scrypt itself needs a lot of memory. Each hash is used as the seed of the input, and then it needs a lot of memory to store another pseudo-random sequence to generate the pseudo-random points of the sequence and output the hash value. In the mining of BTC (bitcoin), it is not enough to rely on simple graphics card mining (it takes about ten to dozens of days to dig a BTC with general configuration graphics card). The emergence of various expensive mining machines has raised the threshold for ordinary people to get BTC through mining, while LTC has certain advantages in using PC graphics card mining This passage comes from Zhihu.)
compared with BTC, litecain has made a little improvement in technology. If BTC is gold now, LTC is silver for the time being
the biggest advantage of litecoin is that it can confirm the authenticity faster. The virtual currency is designed and maintained by Charles Lee. Bitcoin transactions need to be verified, and the average verification time is more than 10 minutes. Most transaction websites need 1 hour to verify. The average transaction confirmation time of liteoin is 2.5 minutes. Developers claim that shortening the verification time increases the practicability of virtual currency. The bitcoin mining efficiency of customized machine and AMD GPU is the highest, making it almost unprofitable for miners using CPU mining. Litecain's mining excludes GPUs and custom processors, so it doesn't rely too much on a small number of professional miners
ppcoin
ppcoin (PPC) was released on August 19, 2012, which has improved the original technology of BTC. Use proof of make and add the concept of coin age
ppcoin is a bifurcated project of bitcoin, which aims to achieve energy efficiency and maintain the best performance of the original bitcoin as far as possible. The unit price of ppcoin is US $0.22 and the total currency value is US $4 million
ppcoin does not have a fixed upper limit of money supply, but it does not mean that ppcoin has obvious inflation compared with bitcoin. Bitcoin can be compared to gold. The annual inflation rate of gold is about 1-3%. Although gold has no known upper limit of money supply, we still know that it is a reliable scarce commodity
ppcoin has two types of casting: work certificate and equity certificate. The coinage rate of working proof is affected by Moore's law, which depends on the doubling of our working proof ability. What we all know is that Moore's law will eventually come to an end. By then, the ppcoin of inflation may be close to the gold level. The annual maximum inflation rate of certificate of equity is 1%. At the same time, ppcoin's transaction costs were destroyed to fight inflation. So on the whole, the coin design of ppcoin is still a very low inflation design in the future, which can be comparable with bitcoin<
ppcoin's reward is similar to lottery, which will determine the winning probability according to the number of ppcoin held by miners. Sunny king, one of the founders, said that their design is based on a new concept of long-term energy efficiency
terracoin
terracoin (TRC) was released on October 26, 2012, with a total currency of 42 million. The speed of each block is 2 minutes, slightly faster than LTC. There is not much special in technology, similar to the proction of BTC halved every four years
however, the operation team seems to have a strong business background and may be better than other bitcoins in circulation. The development of virtual currency is getting more and more attention. Now some teams with business background will accelerate the development of virtual currency
namecoin
namecoin is a distributed domain name system based on bitcoin technology. Its principle is the same as bitcoin. The first release date of this open source software is April 18, 2011
namecoin is generated from an original block which is different from bitcoin's main trading block. It uses a new blockchain, which is independent of bitcoin's blockchain. Because it is based on bitcoin, the security, distribution, robustness, encryption and migration of domain names are guaranteed mathematically. You can dig bitcoin and namecoin at the same time
this project was discussed and proposed by bitdns, which is mainly dissatisfied with the defects of DNS. The only top-level domain name of namecoin is. Bit. It costs namecoin to register a. Bit domain name
in addition, Q currency, Shanda currency, starting point currency and various online game currencies are also virtual currencies.
litecoin (LTC), released on October 7, 2011, is the most valuable counterfeit coin at present, accounting for about 2% of BTC's market value. The current unit price is US $2.31, with a total currency value of US $38 million
this is also a distributed (decentralized) digital currency. Unlike the sha256 mining algorithm used by bitcoin, LTC adopts scrypt algorithm. Scrypt algorithm uses sha256 as its subroutine, and scrypt itself needs a lot of memory. Each hash is used as the seed of the input, and then it needs a lot of memory to store another pseudo-random sequence to generate the pseudo-random points of the sequence and output the hash value. In the mining of BTC (bitcoin), it is not enough to rely on simple graphics card mining (it takes about ten to dozens of days to dig a BTC with general configuration graphics card). The emergence of various expensive mining machines has raised the threshold for ordinary people to get BTC through mining, while LTC has certain advantages in using PC graphics card mining This passage comes from Zhihu.)
compared with BTC, litecain has made a little improvement in technology. If BTC is gold now, LTC is silver for the time being
the biggest advantage of litecoin is that it can confirm the authenticity faster. The virtual currency is designed and maintained by Charles Lee. Bitcoin transactions need to be verified, and the average verification time is more than 10 minutes. Most transaction websites need 1 hour to verify. The average transaction confirmation time of liteoin is 2.5 minutes. Developers claim that shortening the verification time increases the practicability of virtual currency. The bitcoin mining efficiency of customized machine and AMD GPU is the highest, making it almost unprofitable for miners using CPU mining. Litecain's mining excludes GPUs and custom processors, so it doesn't rely too much on a small number of professional miners
ppcoin
ppcoin (PPC) was released on August 19, 2012, which has improved the original technology of BTC. Use proof of make and add the concept of coin age
ppcoin is a bifurcated project of bitcoin, which aims to achieve energy efficiency and maintain the best performance of the original bitcoin as far as possible. The unit price of ppcoin is US $0.22 and the total currency value is US $4 million
ppcoin does not have a fixed upper limit of money supply, but it does not mean that ppcoin has obvious inflation compared with bitcoin. Bitcoin can be compared to gold. The annual inflation rate of gold is about 1-3%. Although gold has no known upper limit of money supply, we still know that it is a reliable scarce commodity
ppcoin has two types of casting: work certificate and equity certificate. The coinage rate of working proof is affected by Moore's law, which depends on the doubling of our working proof ability. What we all know is that Moore's law will eventually come to an end. By then, the ppcoin of inflation may be close to the gold level. The annual maximum inflation rate of certificate of equity is 1%. At the same time, ppcoin's transaction costs were destroyed to fight inflation. So on the whole, the coin design of ppcoin is still a very low inflation design in the future, which can be comparable with bitcoin<
ppcoin's reward is similar to lottery, which will determine the winning probability according to the number of ppcoin held by miners. Sunny king, one of the founders, said that their design is based on a new concept of long-term energy efficiency
terracoin
terracoin (TRC) was released on October 26, 2012, with a total currency of 42 million. The speed of each block is 2 minutes, slightly faster than LTC. There is not much special in technology, similar to the proction of BTC halved every four years
however, the operation team seems to have a strong business background and may be better than other bitcoins in circulation. The development of virtual currency is getting more and more attention. Now some teams with business background will accelerate the development of virtual currency
namecoin
namecoin is a distributed domain name system based on bitcoin technology. Its principle is the same as bitcoin. The first release date of this open source software is April 18, 2011
namecoin is generated from an original block which is different from bitcoin's main trading block. It uses a new blockchain, which is independent of bitcoin's blockchain. Because it is based on bitcoin, the security, distribution, robustness, encryption and migration of domain names are guaranteed mathematically. You can dig bitcoin and namecoin at the same time
this project was discussed and proposed by bitdns, which is mainly dissatisfied with the defects of DNS. The only top-level domain name of namecoin is. Bit. It costs namecoin to register a. Bit domain name.
a commemorative coin with the theme of "Panda". Panda Coin, which was first launched in 1982, is a representative proct of gold and silver commemorative coin in China. The people's Bank of China has authorized China Mint to make coins, which are divided into gold and silver. On the front of the coin are the national name of the people's Republic of China, the year of issue, and the landscape of the temple of heaven in Beijing; On the back of the coin, the image of panda with national artistic style is created by Chinese exquisite coining technology. It can be used as currency circulation and has a certain collection value.
for the current national gold reserve, the larger the gold reserve is, the more capital there is. But is it all right to replenish it with gold
in fact, it is not because of the scarcity of gold, the difficulty of collection, casting purification and other technical reasons that the value of gold can reach the present level, so it is very difficult to collect casting gold
in addition, e to the mechanism of the world's Bretton Woods system, which is based on gold and the US dollar is the world's common currency, gold reserves are more e to the exchange of foreign exchange reserves into gold to maintain its value, so gold reserves are not only from the collection of gold for storage!
grass roots financial institutions are the first camp, executors and practitioners of anti-counterfeiting work. How to better carry out the work of anti-counterfeiting currency, how to better maintain the local financial security and the reputation of RMB, we need to continue to deepen. Therefore, we must often find the problems in the anti-counterfeiting work, and actively think about new methods to promote the deepening of the anti-counterfeiting work of RMB in this region. It has become the mission of our grassroots anti-counterfeiting currency workers to build a more extensive and effective anti-counterfeiting currency publicity network and mechanism, effectively improve the anti-counterfeiting skills of the people, and enhance the anti-counterfeiting awareness of the whole society< First, there are some problems in the anti-counterfeiting work of grassroots banks. According to the relevant survey, nearly 70% of the public's first thought after receiving counterfeit money is how to use it, while more than 30% of the public surveyed have had the experience of receiving counterfeit money by mistake. They are not actively cooperating with the collection of counterfeit currency, trying every means to recover their losses, and the interest thinking of putting personal interests first has not really changed. In addition to fairs and farmers' markets, private casinos, large and small, have also become a major disaster area for the proliferation of counterfeit money. There are many cases of using fake money to confuse real money with real money and fishing in troubled waters
Second, the anti-counterfeiting enthusiasm of some grass-roots financial institutions is not high. Due to various reasons, some financial institutions rarely carry out in-depth anti-counterfeiting currency publicity activities, resulting in the overall level of anti-counterfeiting comprehensive skills of front-line anti-counterfeiting personnel is not high, and the anti-counterfeiting currency knowledge and anti-counterfeiting currency skills urgently needed by the masses are relatively lacking, which is difficult to meet the needs of the masses
Third, the anti-counterfeiting facilities are not complete, and the vigilance of small denomination counterfeit currency is not high. Some of them have been used for many years and have not been equipped with new anti-counterfeiting instruments in time, which leads to the lack of anti-counterfeiting skills. Many stores use banknote checking instruments for many years, rarely updated in time, lacking sensitivity to counterfeit money, especially for small denomination counterfeit money, which is easy to receive and pay by mistake
fourthly, we don't pay enough attention to the flooding of seasonal counterfeit currency. It is understood that when the plum rain season comes in June and July, counterfeit money is easy to be confused. A county branch of ABC collected 8410 yuan of counterfeit money in the first 10 months, and nearly 2700 yuan in June and July alone. The reason is that in the Meiyu season, banknotes are easy to be affected by moisture and become astringent. When checking banknotes, alarm sounds will be issued frequently, which makes it easy for the masses to regard the alarm of counterfeit banknotes as a false alarm of real banknotes. Once they lack vigilance, they will receive counterfeit banknotes by mistake
(2) insufficient publicity
first, the effectiveness of publicity is not lasting. Many grassroots financial institutions only publicize in the masses every year in the anti fake currency publicity week and month. The anti-counterfeiting publicity is phased, seasonal and "gust of wind" phenomenon, which can not be carried out for a long time. It does not take the anti-counterfeiting work as a long-term work. In the usual business work, it rarely takes some regular and effective measures to actively carry out publicity
Second, the publicity content is relatively single. There are two deficiencies in the propaganda of anti-counterfeiting currency in grass-roots banks. In terms of publicity methods, most of them used to hang banners, distribute leaflets, set up publicity information desk and other ways to carry out publicity, and did not carry out distinctive publicity in combination with the actual contact between the masses and counterfeit money. In terms of publicity content, it publicizes more about the anti-counterfeiting characteristics of RMB and the identification of counterfeit currency, which can ring the alarm bell, and less about the cases with profound ecational significance. In addition, there is little publicity on the importance, urgency and arousness of anti-counterfeiting currency and the progress and achievements of anti-counterfeiting currency
thirdly, the scope of publicity is narrow. Taking a county branch as an example, since the establishment of the "anti-counterfeit currency demonstration park" in 2009, several developed towns, townships and areas within the radiation circle of the demonstration park can orderly carry out the anti-counterfeit currency publicity work, and have achieved certain results. However, the propaganda in the vast rural areas, especially in the "old, young, border and poor" areas, has not been effectively improved, resulting in a blind area for the propaganda of anti-counterfeiting work, so that most farmers' anti-counterfeiting knowledge is still quite poor, which objectively provides a growing soil for the proliferation of counterfeit money
(3) the anti-counterfeiting team is not sufficient. At present, there are few people who can identify counterfeit currency in rural areas. Even in major financial institutions, there are few people who can identify counterfeit currency by hand. Most of them identify counterfeit currency by means of banknote inspection machine and other banknote inspection means. Few of them can really stand the test of market transaction
Second, the quality of anti-counterfeiting currency personnel needs to be improved. There are also few professionals with the ability to identify counterfeit currency in grass-roots financial institutions. Most of the staff have not received formal training. Anti counterfeit currency publicity is only a part-time role. Counterfeit currency collection is only a part of the work of the bank's temporary counter. Few professionals can really participate in the work of anti-counterfeit currency on a regular basis< (4) the implementation of the system is not effective.
first, some front-line tellers are afraid of difficulties. On the one hand, they are worried that customers do not cooperate with the collection of counterfeit money, but make trouble and complain, which makes it difficult to carry out the work and they hate to have to collect it; On the other hand, e to human feelings, it's a bit difficult to collect counterfeit money from relatives and friends. As a result, illegal operations still occur, and the policy of "zero tolerance for counterfeit currency" is plicative, which seriously affects the development of anti-counterfeit currency work
Second, the propaganda caliber is not unified. Some business windows of financial institutions do not set up conspicuous warning signs of "confiscating all counterfeit money". In the process of confiscating counterfeit money, some banking personnel give up confiscating counterfeit money because of family affection, friendship, assessment of deposit task and other factors, resulting in the circulation of counterfeit money in the society
the third is the superficial collection of counterfeit money. For the counterfeit money found, generally only stay in the matter of fact, do not dig deep into the source. According to the regulations of the people's Republic of China on the administration of RMB, if more than 20 pieces (including 20 pieces) of fake RMB and more than 10 pieces (including 10 pieces) of fake foreign currency are found at one time, they will be reported to the public security organ. As a result, even if one person has more than one piece of counterfeit currency (that is, the same person has counterfeit currency for many times in a period of time), they will not take the initiative to give early warning to customers, It indicates its harmfulness, not to mention actively reporting the situation to the public security organs< (5) the reward and punishment mechanism is incomplete. The current management measures have no incentive measures for grass-roots financial institutions to collect counterfeit money in the front of anti-counterfeit money collection, but impose anti-counterfeit money on grass-roots banks as an obligation. When grass-roots financial institutions fulfill this obligation, there is no reward for doing well, because only indivial institutions are eligible for the selection throughout the year; But occasionally, because they have not fulfilled their obligations in place, they have to be reported by the masses, or even fined by the people's Bank of China. It is difficult to really stimulate their enthusiasm
Second, the punishment mechanism is not strict. Many people complained that it was their own bad luck when they were taken over the counterfeit money. They didn't deposit money in the financial institutions that they were already familiar with. From one side, it reflected that some grass-roots financial institutions gave a discount when implementing the regulations on taking over the counterfeit money and didn't fulfill their obligations. However, few of these situations were reported and punished. When the internal control departments of financial institutions take post supervision on the collection of counterfeit money, they only fine 100 yuan to 200 yuan for those who do not comply with the prescribed proceres. Some simply turn a blind eye, and even acquiesce in such violations< Second, we should take the following countermeasures: (1) we should innovate the way of propaganda and extend the anti fake tentacles; (2) we should reshape the concept. Grassroots financial institutions should completely change the short-term ideology of "Publicity Week" and "Publicity Month" activities of RMB anti-counterfeiting in the past, and relax after the activities, establish long-term thinking, formulate long-term and short-term plans, and truly take RMB anti-counterfeiting publicity as a daily work
the second is to innovate the form of publicity. On the basis of the "anti-counterfeit currency demonstration garden" which has achieved good results, we should expand the scope of radiation, and take typical materials that are loved by the masses and closely related to people's lives for publicity, such as regularly going to grass-roots villages to broadcast videos of typical cases of making and selling counterfeit coins, setting up sites in markets and farmers' markets to compare real and counterfeit coins, displaying pictures of the characteristics of real and counterfeit coins, and so on We should publicize the relevant financial knowledge, laws and regulations in the form of explanation and consultation, so as to make people know and abide by the law, and encourage them to fight against the illegal and criminal activities of making and selling counterfeit currency with legal weapons
the third is to explore the social anti-counterfeiting currency publicity and training mechanism. On the one hand, we can look for schools with good social influence as a pilot. By cooperating with the school's integrity ecation, we can actively extend the antennae of anti-counterfeiting currency publicity to schools, vigorously train teachers and students in primary and secondary schools, popularize anti-counterfeiting knowledge, make them develop good anti-counterfeiting awareness and ability to recognize counterfeits from an early age, and graally improve their family's awareness of anti-counterfeiting currency. So that the concept of "cherish RMB, eliminate counterfeit money", "resist counterfeit money, maintain the credibility of RMB" deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. On the other hand, we can take advantage of the rural cultural work stations, women's federations and other organizations around the masses to strengthen the construction of anti-counterfeiting monetary infrastructure, increase publicity windows, publicity stations and publicity slogans, and set up anti-counterfeiting monetary publicity teams where conditions permit, We should link the anti-counterfeiting currency work with cultural propaganda, and the anti-counterfeiting currency concept with people's life, so as to "know and love RMB"
fourthly, efforts should be made to extend the tentacles of anti-counterfeiting currency to market transactions. Most of the counterfeit money collected by grass-roots financial institutions is found by vendors, businesses and indivial owners when they deposit money for payment. These people are often the people who receive the most counterfeit money by mistake, and they are also the most seriously harmed group by counterfeit money. Grass roots financial institutions are only the first line of collecting counterfeit money, not the first line of circulating counterfeit money. Therefore, we should actively carry out anti-counterfeiting currency propaganda for these groups, and focus on those with large scale, conditional and large daily cash transaction volume
Star coin needs to be cast, and there are two main casting methods of star coin:
one or one Austrian coin can cast 10 star coin, and the so-called Austrian coin actually needs to be recharged with RMB
1 yuan RMB = 1 Austrian currency, 1 Austrian currency = 10 star currency, that is to say, 1 yuan RMB = 10 star currency< Second, star coins can be made by using meteor fragments
if you recharge the sapphire, you can use 108 meteor fragments to make 1 star coin
it takes 188 meteor fragments to make a 1-star coin for a small Aurora without sapphire recharge
with star coin, you can buy props, suits and Asian eggs in the mall, and you can also directly buy Asian eggs of boss who needs to challenge when there are activities http://news.4399.com/aolaxing/xinshounan/201312-03-326925.html
which school he graated from,
has not been published on the Internet
I only know that he is from Gaomi, Shandong Province
he was the principal of Gaomi No.1 Middle School in Shandong Province.