What are the aspects of virtual currency circulation
China's online virtual currency category:
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game currency. In the era of stand-alone games, the protagonist accumulates money by knocking down the enemy, entering the gambling house to win money, and using these to buy Herbs and equipment, but it can only be used in his own game console. At that time, there was no "market" between players. Since the establishment of Internet portal and community, the realization of game networking, virtual currency has a "financial market", players can trade game currency
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the special currency issued by the portal website or instant messaging service provider, which is used to purchase the services in the website. The most widely used is Tencent's q-coin, which can be used to purchase membership, QQ show and other value-added services
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virtual currency on the Internet, such as bitcoin (BTC), Wright currency (LTC), etc. bitcoin is an electronic currency proced by open-source P2P software. Some people also translate bitcoin as "bitcoin", which is a kind of network virtual currency. It is mainly used for Internet financial investment, and can also be directly used in daily life as a new currency
Virtual currency is the currency used for electronic circulation. Now the scope of virtual currency is very large, including q-coin, bitcoin and so on. With the development of digital currency, virtual currency is becoming more and more abundant, which may become the mainstream in the future. For example, BTC, EOS, bcbot and so on are not only virtual currencies, but also algorithms, landing projects and technologies
virtual currency is mainly issued by online game service providers to purchase game props, such as equipment, clothing, etc. But at present, the use of virtual currency has gone far beyond this category. Virtual currency can be used to buy game cards, physical objects and download services of some movies and software
extended data:
real risk
as the proct of e-commerce, virtual currency has begun to play an increasingly important role, and it is more and more connected with the real world. However, with the growth of virtual currency, the relevant laws and regulations are lagging behind, which has laid many hidden dangers
fraud
the private transaction of online virtual currency has realized the two-way circulation between virtual currency and RMB to a certain extent. The activity of these traders is to buy all kinds of virtual currencies and procts at a low price, and then sell them at a high price to earn profits. With the increase of such transactions, there are even virtual mints. In addition to the virtual currency provided by the main company, there are also some people who specialize in "virtual coin making" to obtain virtual currency by playing games and then resell it to other players
Taking Wenzhou as an example, there are about seven or eight such "virtual mints" with four or five hundred practitioners. This not only creates a bubble for the price of the virtual currency itself, but also causes trouble for the normal sale of the issuing company. It also provides a platform for selling and collecting money and money laundering for various cyber crimes. p>
impact system
in modern financial system, the issuers of money are generally central banks, which are responsible for the management and supervision of money operation. As the equivalent exchange goods used to replace the real currency circulation on the Internet, the virtual currency on the Internet is essentially the same as the real currency. The difference is that the issuers are no longer central banks, but Internet companies
if the development of virtual currency makes it form a unified market, each company can exchange with each other, or virtual currency is integrated and unified, and all of them are based on the same standard and price, then in a sense, virtual currency is currency, which is likely to form a threat impact on the traditional financial system or economic operation
reference: network virtual currency
What are the advantages of bitcoin
freedom of payment - you can pay and receive any amount of money anytime and anywhere. No bank holidays, no borders, no imposed restrictions. Bitcoin allows its users full control of their funds
very low fee - at present, there is no or very little fee for the processing of bitcoin payment. The user can include the service charge in the transaction to obtain the processing priority and receive the transaction confirmation from the network faster. In addition, there are also merchant processors to assist merchants in processing transactions, converting bitcoin into legal tender every day and depositing the funds directly into the merchant's bank account. Because these services are all based on bitcoin, they can offer much lower fees than paypal or credit card networks
rece business risk - bitcoin transactions are secure, irreversible, and do not contain customers' sensitive or personal information. This avoids the loss of merchants e to fraud or fraulent chargeback, and there is no need to comply with PCI standards. Where credit cards are not available or where fraud rates are unacceptably high, businesses can easily expand into new markets. The end result is lower costs, larger markets, and less administrative costs
Security and control - bitcoin users have complete control over their own transactions; It is impossible for businesses to impose fees that may occur in other payment methods that should not be or are not easy to find. Payment with bitcoin can avoid binding personal information in the transaction, which provides great protection against identity theft. Users of bitcoin can also protect their funds through backup and encryption
transparent and neutral - all information about the bitcoin funding itself is stored in the block chain and can be verified and used by anyone in real time. No indivial or organization can control or manipulate the bitcoin protocol because it is password protected. This makes the bitcoin core believed to be completely neutral, transparent and predictable
in addition to bitcoin, the more popular virtual currencies are Wright coin, Fuyuan coin, Ruibo coin, dog coin, etc.
warm tips:
1. The above information is for reference only, without any suggestions
2. It is risky to enter the market and investment should be cautious. Before making any investment, you should make sure that you fully understand the nature of the investment and the risks involved in the proct. After a detailed understanding and careful evaluation of the proct, you can judge whether to participate in the transaction
response time: January 4, 2021. Please refer to the official website of Ping An Bank for the latest business changes
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this is also a distributed (decentralized) digital currency. Unlike the sha256 mining algorithm used by bitcoin, LTC adopts scrypt algorithm. Scrypt algorithm uses sha256 as its subroutine, and scrypt itself needs a lot of memory. Each hash is used as the seed of the input, and then it needs a lot of memory to store another pseudo-random sequence to generate the pseudo-random points of the sequence and output the hash value. In the mining of BTC (bitcoin), it is not enough to rely on simple graphics card mining (it takes about ten to dozens of days to dig a BTC with general configuration graphics card). The emergence of various expensive mining machines has raised the threshold for ordinary people to get BTC through mining, while LTC has certain advantages in using PC graphics card mining This passage comes from Zhihu.)
compared with BTC, litecain has made a little improvement in technology. If BTC is gold now, LTC is silver for the time being
the biggest advantage of litecoin is that it can confirm the authenticity faster. The virtual currency is designed and maintained by Charles Lee. Bitcoin transactions need to be verified, and the average verification time is more than 10 minutes. Most transaction websites need 1 hour to verify. The average transaction confirmation time of liteoin is 2.5 minutes. Developers claim that shortening the verification time increases the practicability of virtual currency. The bitcoin mining efficiency of customized machine and AMD GPU is the highest, making it almost unprofitable for miners using CPU mining. Litecain's mining excludes GPUs and custom processors, so it doesn't rely too much on a small number of professional miners
ppcoin
ppcoin (PPC) was released on August 19, 2012, which has improved the original technology of BTC. Use proof of make and add the concept of coin age
ppcoin is a bifurcated project of bitcoin, which aims to achieve energy efficiency and maintain the best performance of the original bitcoin as far as possible. The unit price of ppcoin is US $0.22 and the total currency value is US $4 million
ppcoin does not have a fixed upper limit of money supply, but it does not mean that ppcoin has obvious inflation compared with bitcoin. Bitcoin can be compared to gold. The annual inflation rate of gold is about 1-3%. Although gold has no known upper limit of money supply, we still know that it is a reliable scarce commodity
ppcoin has two types of casting: work certificate and equity certificate. The coinage rate of working proof is affected by Moore's law, which depends on the doubling of our working proof ability. What we all know is that Moore's law will eventually come to an end. By then, the ppcoin of inflation may be close to the gold level. The annual maximum inflation rate of certificate of equity is 1%. At the same time, ppcoin's transaction costs were destroyed to fight inflation. So on the whole, the coin design of ppcoin is still a very low inflation design in the future, which can be comparable with bitcoin<
ppcoin's reward is similar to lottery, which will determine the winning probability according to the number of ppcoin held by miners. Sunny king, one of the founders, said that their design is based on a new concept of long-term energy efficiency
terracoin
terracoin (TRC) was released on October 26, 2012, with a total currency of 42 million. The speed of each block is 2 minutes, slightly faster than LTC. There is not much special in technology, similar to the proction of BTC halved every four years
however, the operation team seems to have a strong business background and may be better than other bitcoins in circulation. The development of virtual currency is getting more and more attention. Now some teams with business background will accelerate the development of virtual currency
namecoin
namecoin is a distributed domain name system based on bitcoin technology. Its principle is the same as bitcoin. The first release date of this open source software is April 18, 2011
namecoin is generated from an original block which is different from bitcoin's main trading block. It uses a new blockchain, which is independent of bitcoin's blockchain. Because it is based on bitcoin, the security, distribution, robustness, encryption and migration of domain names are guaranteed mathematically. You can dig bitcoin and namecoin at the same time
this project was discussed and proposed by bitdns, which is mainly dissatisfied with the defects of DNS. The only top-level domain name of namecoin is. Bit. It costs namecoin to register a. Bit domain name
in addition, Q currency, Shanda currency, starting point currency and various online game currencies are also virtual currencies.
network virtual currency can be roughly divided into
the first category is familiar game currency. In the era of stand-alone games, the protagonist accumulates money by knocking down the enemy, entering the gambling house to win money, and using these to buy Herbs and equipment, but it can only be used in his own game console. At that time, there was no "market" between players. Since the establishment of Internet portal and community, the realization of game networking, virtual currency has a "financial market", players can trade game currency
the second type is the special currency issued by the portal website or instant messaging service provider, which is used to purchase the services in the website. The most widely used is Tencent's q-coin, which can be used to purchase membership, QQ show and other value-added services
the third kind of virtual currency on the Internet, such as bitcoin (BTC), Fuyuan coin (FTC), Wright currency (LTC), etc. bitcoin is an electronic currency proced by open-source P2P software. Some people also translate bitcoin as "bitcoin", which is a kind of network virtual currency. It is mainly used for Internet financial investment, and can also be directly used in daily life as a new currency.
China does not have the first legal virtual currency. At the end of 2013, the central bank and other five ministries and commissions issued the bitcoin risk notice, which clearly defined bitcoin as a special Internet commodity, and the public can buy and sell it freely on the premise of taking their own risks
other digital confidential currencies are also suitable, such as Laite coin, the ancestor of Shanzhai coin, Fuyuan coin for business points in jewelry instry, dog coin for small reward, etc. But although virtual currency exists legally in our country, it is illegal to cheat under the guise of virtual currency
extended data
as the proct of e-commerce, virtual currency has begun to play an increasingly important role, and it is more and more connected with the real world. However, with the growth of virtual currency, the relevant laws and regulations are lagging behind, which has laid many hidden dangers
fraud
the private transactions of online virtual currency have realized the two-way circulation between virtual currency and RMB to a certain extent. The activity of these traders is to buy all kinds of virtual currencies and procts at a low price, and then sell them at a high price to earn profits. With the increase of such transactions, there are even virtual mints
in addition to the virtual currency provided by the main company, there are also some people who specialize in "virtual coin making" to obtain virtual currency by playing games and then resell it to other players. Take Wenzhou as an example, there are about seven or eight such "virtual mints" with four or five hundred practitioners. This not only creates a bubble for the price of the virtual currency itself, but also causes trouble for the normal sale of the issuing company. It also provides a platform for selling and collecting money and money laundering for various cyber crimes. p>
impact system
in modern financial system, the issuers of money are generally central banks, which are responsible for the management and supervision of money operation. As the equivalent exchange goods used to replace the real currency circulation on the Internet, the virtual currency on the Internet is essentially the same as the real currency. The difference is that the issuers are no longer central banks, but Internet companies
if the development of virtual currency makes it form a unified market, each company can exchange with each other, or virtual currency is integrated and unified, and all of them are based on the same standard and price, then in a sense, virtual currency is currency, which is likely to form a threat impact on the traditional financial system or economic operation
network problems
in addition to direct cash, virtual currency can also be purchased by SMS, internet transfer and fixed telephone recharge. These ways of purchase not only provide convenience for users, but also have many risks
such as embezzlement of telephone recharge and purchase by minors. In addition, virtual currency does not have the anti-counterfeiting technology of real currency. Computer hackers may use its security loopholes to proce counterfeit currency. Relevant personnel of the State Administration for Instry and Commerce said that virtual currency transaction is a business behavior derived from the Internet era, and there are no clear legal provisions to regulate it, and there are no items related to virtual goods transaction in the scope of instrial and commercial registration
but when the virtual property transaction graally employs people, places are fixed, transaction profits are clear, and has the nature of operation, it may involve market order and tax issues. Even game operators have no ability to control. There are a large number of "counterfeit banknote makers" in the network. Take the winger who is mainly engaged in chess and card online games as an example, the purchasing power of his online currency has shrunk by nearly 40% in one year. Many people point out that such inflation will only damage netizens and make them lose confidence in the Internet
reference source : network virtual currency
immigration training should follow the principles of "government organization, voluntary immigration, market orientation and contract constraint"
we should adhere to and improve the ideas of training and developing the advantageous instries in the reservoir area, promoting the employment of urban migrants, increasing the output and income of rural migrants, transferring rural labor force to non-agricultural instries, supporting counterpart work, and publicizing immigration policies and regulations
the management system of "unified leadership of the city, based on districts and counties, hierarchical management and hierarchical training" is implemented in immigration training. The municipal immigration bureau is the comprehensive management department of the city's immigration training, which is responsible for the preparation of the city's immigration training plan, plan arrangement, fund raising, supervision and guidance, assessment and acceptance. The immigration bureaus of all districts and counties (autonomous counties and cities) shall be responsible for the preparation, organization and management of the annual plan for immigration training within their respective administrative areas, the implementation of training, the filing and certification of immigration training, etc
the training objects include rural migrants, urban pure residents, laid-off workers from inundated enterprises, migrants occupying land in urban towns and migrants resettled inside and outside the city. Among them, we should focus on training the following migrants:
(1) poor migrants
(2) the new immigrant labor force who can not continue to study after graating from junior high school or senior high school
(3) rural migrants with a certain degree of ecation who are suitable for migrant work< (4) urban migrants
when organizing the immigrants to participate in the training, the immigration bureaus of all districts and counties (autonomous counties and cities) should strictly examine the qualifications of the trainees, and the trainees must have the status of Three Gorges immigrants. The qualification examination shall be concted by the township, town and sub district offices, and examined and approved by the district and county (Autonomous County, city) immigration bureau
all kinds of schools and social institutions are encouraged to actively participate in immigration training. A number of schools or training institutions with complete teaching facilities, strong teachers, excellent training conditions and high employment rate after training are selected as training bases (training points)
training bases (training points) at the municipal and district / county levels (autonomous counties and cities) are the main strength of immigration training. We should give full play to the role of demonstration and driving, and truly become the main channel to help immigrants learn skills, take up employment, increase income and become rich
the immigration training base (training point) implements "good in, bad out, dynamic management". The municipal and district / county (Autonomous County / city) immigration bureaus conct an inspection on the implementation of immigration training in the immigration training base (training point) once a year. Schools or training units that violate immigration training policies, have poor training quality, do not carry out labor skill training for immigrants within one year, and do not use immigration training funds according to regulations shall be disqualified from immigration training base (training point) by the municipal or district / county (Autonomous County / city) Immigration Bureau after reporting to the people's government at the same level for approval
the expert group of labor skills training for Three Gorges migrants is a consultant organization engaged by the municipal government. Its main responsibilities are: to make forward-looking, instructive and operable suggestions and opinions on migrant labor skills training and migrant employment work; To guide and supervise the labor skill training of immigrants, and to review the evaluation results of immigration training; To guide the employment, reemployment, self employment and labor transfer of immigrants, and improve the employment rate of immigrants after training
the employment system is implemented for the members of the expert group of migrant labor skills training. The members of the expert group should often go deep into the reservoir area to investigate and study the situation of migrant training, and make suggestions for the work of migrant training< Each immigration training base (training point) shall sign an immigration training contract or agreement with the immigration bureau every year, and prepare an immigration training implementation plan according to the training contract (agreement). The training implementation plan shall be submitted to the municipal or district / county (Autonomous County, city) immigration bureau for examination and approval before training. All immigration training bases (training points) shall not change the training items without authorization
according to the needs of the development of advantageous instries in the reservoir area, the requirements of increasing the output and income of rural immigrants, and the labor market demand, the immigration bureaus and training bases (training points) of all districts and counties (autonomous counties and cities) should reasonably arrange training programs, set up targeted and practical training courses, and help rural immigrants develop breeding instry, We will promote the transfer of surplus labor force of rural migrants to non-agricultural instries for employment, and promote urban migrants to work and start their own businesses
the training base (training point) should arrange teachers with professional qualification, strong sense of responsibility and rich practical experience to take the job of immigration training
the quality of immigration training should be put in the first place. Each training base (training point) should strengthen teaching management, select and compile suitable training materials, formulate feasible training plans, organize teaching seriously, and strengthen teaching management ring training. The municipal and district / county (Autonomous County / city) immigration bureau shall strictly check whether the teachers, teaching plans, teaching plans, teaching materials, class hours and teaching methods of the training base (training point) meet the requirements of immigration training, guide and supervise the training process, and complete the training tasks according to the approved training plan
in order to ensure the quality of immigration training, each training class should complete the required learning tasks according to the training time stipulated by the state, focus on strengthening practical training, and strictly carry out the examination and assessment of the skills learned by the trainees. In principle, the trainees should reach the level of primary and above labor skills and obtain the "professional qualification certificate" or "green certificate" issued by the relevant departments of the state. Immigrants who participate in vocational ecation and training should also obtain vocational ecation certificate
establish and improve the quality assurance system of immigration training to ensure the realization of immigration training objectives. The quality assurance system of immigration training mainly includes: Immigration training leading organization, expert group, training base, teaching staff, training materials, training equipment, training time, examination and assessment, professional qualification appraisal, department cooperation, quality and effect evaluation, etc
establish and improve the evaluation system of immigration training effect. The main basis for the evaluation of the effect of immigration training is whether the immigrants have improved their labor skills, increased proction and income, transferred the surplus labor force of rural immigrants to non-agricultural instries, and promoted the employment of urban immigrants
evaluate immigration training regularly, submit evaluation reports, reflect the implementation of immigration training, training quality, training effect and existing problems, and put forward suggestions to improve immigration training
the annual plan of resettlement training should be based on the resettlement training plan, according to the annual plan issued by the higher authorities, and according to the needs of resettlement work, the progress of resettlement tasks and the funding base of resettlement lump sum, the funding plan of resettlement training project should be scientifically and reasonably prepared
before the end of September of each year, the immigration bureaus of all districts and counties (autonomous counties and cities) shall report the proposed scheme of the next year's immigration training plan, and the municipal immigration bureaus shall report it to the office of the Three Gorges Construction Commission for approval after summarizing and balancing. After the office of the Three Gorges Construction Committee issued the annual investment plan, the municipal Immigration Bureau issued the annual immigration training task and investment control scale to the immigration bureaus of all districts and counties (autonomous counties and cities). According to the annual resettlement training task and investment, the immigration bureaus of all districts and counties (autonomous counties and cities) report the investment plan of resettlement training projects. The municipal immigration bureau shall approve the training project investment plan submitted by the district and county (Autonomous County, city) immigration bureau, and then issue the annual immigration training plan
the annual plan of immigration training is mandatory and should be completed in the current year. Each district / county (Autonomous County / city) immigration bureau must organize and implement immigration training according to the plan, and shall not conct training without plan or beyond the plan. The change and adjustment of the training plan should be reported to the municipal Immigration Bureau for approval
immigration training fund is an important part of immigration fund, and its management is implemented according to the relevant provisions of immigration fund management, with special account management and special use. It is necessary to ensure that the funds for immigration training are used for immigration training so that immigrants can get benefits. It is strictly forbidden to divert the funds for immigration training to other purposes. Non immigrants are not allowed to use the funds for immigration training
project management system is adopted in the use of funds for immigration training. The training funds are arranged according to the types, contents and numbers of training immigrants. If the training fund is used beyond the plan, it will not be added
graally change the form in which the training funds are fully borne by the state, and form a source channel of training funds for immigrants, which is a combination of state subsidies, investment from employment enterprises, preferential treatment from immigration training bases (training points) and appropriate burden of immigrants, so as to promote the healthy development of immigration training
the immigration department signs a training contract with the training institution according to the training plan, and the training institution applies to the district and county (Autonomous County, city) immigration bureau for the allocation of training funds according to the training contract and the completion of the training tasks that have been assessed and accepted
when arranging the funds for immigration training projects, the funds for immigration training should be arranged in proportion. Training funds are mainly used for expenses related to immigration training. Training funds shall not crowd out training project funds, and non immigrant training funds shall not crowd out immigrant training funds
attach great importance to the important role of information technology in immigration training, accelerate the pace of immigration training information construction, create convenient conditions for immigrants to receive labor skills training through information means, and actively explore a new mode of online ecation and training for immigrants
using modern information technology to implement scientific management of immigration training. The Three Gorges resettlement training resource database, the Three Gorges resettlement training database and the Three Gorges resettlement training and employment database should be well constructed. We should conscientiously do a good job in the input of immigration training materials, and improve the level of information management of immigration training
monthly report system is implemented for immigration training. The immigration bureaus of all districts and counties (autonomous counties and cities) shall report the immigration training of the current month to the municipal Immigration Bureau on the 25th of each month
immigration training archives refer to words, charts and audio-visual materials with preservation value formed in the process of immigration training
immigration training files are divided into indivial volume and comprehensive volume. The indivial papers mainly include the qualification examination form of immigrants, the skill level certificate obtained, the employment agreement, etc; The comprehensive paper mainly includes class notice, teaching plan (teaching plan), teaching materials, student roster, training contract or agreement, labor export order or employment (training) agreement, examination paper, student examination results, leader's speech and other related materials
the retention period of immigration training files shall be in accordance with the relevant provisions of immigration file management
the immigration training files are established and managed by the district and county (Autonomous County, city) immigration bureau. The immigration training files of the municipal training base shall be handed over to the municipal Immigration Bureau
special target assessment is implemented for immigration training, and the assessment contents mainly include the completion of annual training tasks, training quality, the effect of increasing income and becoming rich after training, employment after training, training files, management and use of training funds, etc
units or indivials with outstanding achievements in immigration training will be commended and rewarded
the district / county (Autonomous County / city) immigration bureau or training base (training point) that fails to complete the task of immigration training, the management of immigration training is chaotic, and the training quality is poor will be criticized
embezzle, misappropriate and crowd out the funds for immigration training