Is financial management a virtual currency
It can be allocated to investment and speculation tools
Investment: corporate stocks, government and corporate bonds, bank deposits, real estate
speculation: Tulip (the famous tulip mania in the Netherlands), art, bitcoin, etc
Company Stock: because the company stock can give investors dividends (that is, part of the company profits)
government and corporate bonds: bonds (if investment grade) basically guarantee the principal (in most cases) and have interest income
bank deposit: basically can guarantee the principal, and has interest income
Real estate: rental incomespeculation, such as tulip, art, bitcoin, etc. The common feature of these "speculative" targets is that the target itself has no internal return, so its valuation largely depends on the market (that is, other people's love)
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extended information:
matters needing attention in global asset allocation:
is to have an in-depth understanding of the foreign investment policies and various relevant laws, regulations, customs, market conditions, consumption characteristics and instrial competitiveness of the countries and regions to be invested in
especially for the understanding of laws and regulations, most countries are wary of large-scale mergers and acquisitions, mainly using the anti-monopoly legislation to restrict mergers and acquisitions; However, we welcome foreign investment and even have preferential policies
for example, the United States has incentive policies for overseas investment in the establishment of small and medium-sized enterprises. The United States also supports businesses of ethnic minorities. Ethnic minorities in the United States include Hispanics, Africans, Asians, and so on. Therefore, small businesses of Chinese businessmen enjoy double benefits, while women's businesses enjoy triple benefits
is to choose the right instry orientation for investment. Different countries and regions should choose the instries that China has advantages but the other side is relatively weak or the local areas welcome investment
for example, ASEAN and some countries in Africa, Latin America, the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have relatively weak initial strength in the fields of oil and gas, metal minerals, forests and fisheries that need a large amount of investment, and Chinese enterprises are easy to enter. If they can give a reasonable return to the country (region), they will be able to enter, They generally welcome Chinese enterprises to invest and develop resources with them
it's hard to say how many overseas Chinese there are in the world, and how many overseas Chinese there are in the Philippines. No one can say for sure. There are no accurate figures. Why? For the same reason, the relevant authorities did not make a formal registration, where there are accurate figures
in the past, according to the general view, there are about 50000 overseas Chinese registered with the Philippine Immigration Service every year. Together with the naturalized Chinese, there are about 1.5 million to 2 million overseas Chinese, accounting for about 2% of the total population of the Philippines. However, according to the information recently obtained by the ciqiao foundation from the Immigration Bureau, there are more than 70000 overseas Chinese registered with the immigration bureau every year. If you include those who hold travel documents but do not report to the immigration bureau all the year round, there may be more than 70000 overseas Chinese in the Philippines
in the past 20 years, tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of Chinese citizens have entered the Philippines. Although some of these people have changed their identities, not a few of them have maintained their Chinese nationality. Some of them may not have registered all the year round. If you add these people together, it is not too much to count them as 100000
e to the lack of formal statistics, not only the number of overseas Chinese and Chinese in the Philippines is uncertain, but other Southeast Asian countries also have this problem. When I attended a meeting in China, I met Mr. Zhang Mingkai, the president of thousand island daily in Surabaya, Indonesia, and the number of Indonesian Chinese was involved in the conversation. He told the author that e to well-known reasons, most of the Chinese in Indonesia now join the local nationality, but how many are there? The official estimate of Indonesia is 10 million, but according to the local Chinese's own estimation, it's far more than that, about 16 million. There is a difference of 6 million between 10 million and 16 million. Because there is no official statistics, it is difficult to say which is correct
in view of the fact that there has not been a formal registration of local overseas Chinese and Chinese people for decades, it is impossible to get an accurate number. This is true in the Philippines, Indonesia and other places. The number of Chinese in the world is only about 30 million< At present, the total assets of overseas Chinese are:
the sixth World Conference of Chinese businessmen will be held in September this year in the mother country of Chinese businessmen. At that time, thousands of talented Chinese businessmen at home and abroad will come together. What a joy“ Chinese businessmen join hands to achieve peaceful development and prosperity in the new century. ". This is not only a grand meeting for the world's business leaders, but also a grand event for the Chinese nation. However, we will introce the current situation of overseas Chinese businessmen from 12 aspects< Topic 1: how many overseas Chinese are there< The large-scale migration of Chinese people's Congress began in the mid-19th century. According to the data in 1999, there are at least 34.55 million overseas Chinese
although the history of Chinese people living abroad is very long, large-scale migration occurred after the mid-19th century. According to incomplete statistics, in the 100 years from the Opium War in 1840 to the eve of the Pacific War in 1941, nearly 10 million Chinese went abroad, covering dozens of countries on five continents
after the Second World War, especially in the past 20 years, with the development of international economy, e to the imbalance of regional economic development and the adjustment of immigration policies in the United States, Canada, Australia and other countries, the inflow of foreign immigrants is welcomed, resulting in a large number of people from developing countries immigrating to developed countries; Following the new trend of world migration, Chinese mainland China, Taiwan, Hongkong and Southeast Asia and other developing countries also moved to the developed countries. As a result, the population of Chinese people all over the world has increased rapidly
Southeast Asian countries are the most concentrated regions of Chinese ethnic groups. According to Taiwan newspapers, as of the end of 1999, the total number of overseas Chinese mainland people outside the mainland of China and Taiwan, Hongkong and Macao has reached 3455 million, the largest in Asia and 2678.8 in total, accounting for 77.63%. The second was America, with more than 6.013 million people, accounting for 17.43%; There are more than 968000 people in Europe, 655000 in Oceania and 132000 in Africa
among the Chinese population in Asia, Singapore accounts for about 80%, Malaysia accounts for about 30%, Thailand accounts for about 10%, and Indonesia and the Philippines account for a small proportion< In the past 20 years, the number of Chinese Americans in the United States, Canada and Australia has increased rapidly. Chinese Americans have the largest number of ethnic minorities in the United States. According to the census data, the Chinese American population reached 1.6 million in 1990, which has doubled in 10 years since 1980; By the end of 1999, there were 3.06 million Chinese Americans
Chinese people live in 168 countries and regions all over the world, including Kuwait, Iraq and Bangladesh in Asia, Niagara, Aruba and Uruguay in America, Holland, Poland and Luxembourg in Europe, Nauru, Solomon Islands and Saipan in Oceania, Ghana, Tanzania and mosanbik in Africa, and all over the world
topic 2: what is "overseas Chinese"
"overseas Chinese", "Chinese" and "Chinese American" refer to each other. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of appellations about overseas Chinese: broad sense and narrow sense. The overseas Chinese in narrow sense, like the above mentioned Chinese population outside Chinese mainland and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, have the pet phrase "overseas Chinese 30 million".
western scholars and Chinese mainland people say that overseas Chinese often refer to all Chinese mainland people including Chinese, including Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan. So there are about more than 57 million people.
more than 90% of overseas Chinese have joined the nationality of their host country, so they become "Chinese" who are different from "overseas Chinese" who retain Chinese nationality; Therefore, overseas Chinese are commonly referred to as "overseas Chinese". The children of overseas Chinese born overseas are of Chinese descent, but they are often referred to as all the ethnic Chinese
the older generation of Chinese overseas immigrants, including the older generation now, have left their hometown and drifted with the sea to make a living overseas. There are also some mainland businessmen who have done business across the sea. Many of them were Chinese laborers who were plundered by the colonists
the main migration places are Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and other coastal areas along the Yangtze River. Some of them, by virtue of the diligence, wisdom and enterprising spirit of the Chinese people, started their business with small capital and graally accumulated capital to develop Chinese agricultural, instrial and commercial enterprises all over the world< Mr. Guo Fangfeng was born in 1911 in Lianhua Town, Tong'an County, Fujian Province. Because of his poor family, when he was 14 years old, he went to Singapore to make a living with a roll of straw mat in his arms. First, he worked as an apprentice in a hardware shop owned by a relative. During the day, he worked hard and went to night school to tutor. Later, he was promoted to hardware store manager by his boss, and the store became increasingly prosperous. When he had a certain amount of savings, he invited his three brothers to Singapore to set up a small shop named "Fenglong". After half a century of operation and development, he finally became one of the largest Chinese business consortia in Asia< After the Second World War, e to the temporary adjustment of ethnic policies and other political reasons, a part of the Chinese population in Southeast Asian countries migrated to neighboring countries or the United States, Europe and Australia
topic 3: what is Chinese businessmen in the world
this is a general term for Chinese enterprises with Chinese characteristics and their operators. Generally speaking, the term "overseas Chinese businessmen" in China only refers to Chinese enterprises and entrepreneurs outside China. As the name suggests, the world Chinese businessmen refer to the part of the Chinese group engaged in various economic activities in the world, and the core part refers to the Chinese enterprises and their operators with the characteristics of Chinese people. Generally speaking, Chinese businessmen in the world also refer to various organizations, groups and people in Chinese economic and non economic circles< China's Economic Yearbook of the world, published in Beijing in BR />1995, held that the world's Chinese merchants mainly include three aspects, namely, Chinese businessmen in the mainland and Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan, and Chinese businessmen in relatively concentrated Southeast Asian countries, spreading in North America, Australia and the world.
we refer to "overseas Chinese businessmen", of course, referring to Chinese businessmen outside China, or only to Chinese enterprises and their operators outside the Chinese mainland.
topic 4: how many overseas Chinese assets are there
first of all, overseas Chinese capital is not a whole, it is a part of the national capital of the host countries. It is estimated that its total economic volume is equal to that of Taiwan or close to that of South Korea, and its total assets are about US $2.5 trillion. How much capital or assets do overseas Chinese have? This is an issue that people are inevitably interested in when they study and understand the economic achievements or economic strength of overseas Chinese
a large number of overseas Chinese live in Southeast Asian countries, and the capital and enterprises of overseas Chinese businessmen are also concentrated in Southeast Asian countries. In mid August 1995, the Australian Ministry of foreign affairs and trade published a 350 page Research Report on the overseas Chinese economic network, saying that more than 70% of the Southeast Asian listed companies are controlled by the capital of overseas Chinese businessmen. At the same time, Fujitsu Research Institute in Tokyo surveyed the listed companies in five major Asian countries and found that the vast majority of their assets were owned by Chinese
in addition to the asset statistics of listed companies, the Chinese economic cells in Asia Pacific countries and regions are mainly tens of thousands of small and medium-sized business enterprises, which provide more than half of the employment opportunities for the local society
in the past 20 years, overseas Chinese capital has also made considerable development in the United States, Canada, Japan and European countries. The large-scale import of Chinese capital from Southeast Asian countries, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan has also played an important role in the economic growth of Australia
in addition, there are some studies and reports on the total amount of global Chinese capital or assets. After the 1990s, according to the estimates of the economist and the center for overseas Chinese at Ohio University, the assets of overseas Chinese in China at that time were about US $1.2 trillion to US $2 trillion; According to Taiwan's newspaper reports in September 2000, a study on the situation of overseas Chinese estimated that the total annual income of overseas Chinese at that time was about US $2.65 trillion to US $309 million, and its total economic volume was equivalent to that of a Taiwan or close to a South Korea, and its total assets could reach US $2.5 trillion
although these estimates are only the result of inference, they can also show that overseas Chinese capital has considerable economic strength to a certain extent
some researchers believe that overseas Chinese capital is not a whole, and it is impossible to calculate it as a whole. As early as the 1980s, some Japanese scholars and media intentionally or unintentionally exaggerated the total amount of capital or assets owned by overseas Chinese. They put forward this view to demonstrate that overseas Chinese, especially in Southeast Asia, are joining hands with China to "dominate" the economy of East Asia
The ethnic Chinese network, which is composed of ethnic groups, can avoid risks and seize the market. Its response to market signals and multiple choices are much better than relying solely on international trade and the elimination and transfer of international instries
the economic and trade network of Chinese businessmen in the contemporary world is mainly developed and expanded on the basis of the network of Chinese businessmen in Southeast Asia; The formation of the network of Chinese businessmen in Southeast Asia reflects the basic characteristics of the network. It relies on the ethnic relationship of Chinese immigrants. With the development of regional economy and world economy, it is contained in the economy of each country or region, regional economy and the whole world economy, and spread to the whole world
the overseas immigrants in modern China, who were the outflow of the weak, developed spontaneously with the help of family and local relations for the purpose of making a living and pursuing a peaceful living space. They travel across the sea, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one. The father leads the son, the elder brother leads the younger brother, and the son passes on the son from generation to generation. After the 1950s, with the economic development of Southeast Asia, the business scale of Chinese enterprises has been expanding, and the business forms of Chinese economic and trade network are diverse. The establishment of branches and Reinvestment enterprises under the parent company; Develop joint venture outside the enterprise, establish joint venture, joint venture, associated company, joint company, holding company, multinational company, etc. The traditional partnership system of Chinese businessmen has developed to joint-stock system. Especially after the 1970s, the rise of Chinese consortia, on the basis of the traditional partnership system, mixed shares with each other, formed a powerful group, carried out multinational operations, and achieved considerable success
for Chinese businessmen, the process of expanding Chinese capital to the world can effectively avoid the restrictions of a country's domestic policies or the impact of regional financial crisis in a period of time, and disperse risks by means of external network; At the same time, it can occupy the world market timely and effectively. The response and multiple choices of the global Chinese business network to market signals are much better than relying solely on international trade and the elimination and transfer of international instries. It can directly participate in the sales of upstream procts of new instries, quickly introce technology, and carry out efficient investment and proction
what Chinese enterprises seek through the Internet is market priority benefits, which is why Chinese enterprises can still maintain high-efficiency operation when they are unable to compete with American and Japanese enterprises in terms of scale, capital, technology and even services. The expansion of the world Chinese business network in the world conforms to the development trend of the internationalization of the world economy. The economic and trade network of Chinese businessmen and its expansion in the world are mainly not reflected by some institutional structure, but based on ethnic ties and interpersonal relations, and then formed through the integration of economic, political and cultural resources. Chinese business network has the characteristics of network openness and commonality
John Nesbitt, an American futurist, once compared the relationship between Chinese enterprises to the Internet network of today's computers. It is considered that both of them are very similar in morphology and characteristics. There is no unified control center in the Internet computer network, any member can obtain maximum independence and freedom, and the value of the network comes from the expansion of the information market; In the Chinese circle, the enterprise network can also be expanded indefinitely without a power center. "It's a very invisible, complex and subtle network," he said. In fact, Chinese family business is a network of clans and fellow villagers, many small networks interweave into a global network. As one of the forms of Chinese business network, Chinese business community is becoming more and more international and economical. Chinese communities, Chinese schools and Chinese newspapers have always been regarded as the three pillars of overseas Chinese society. Since the 1970s, the economic activities of overseas Chinese have developed rapidly, and the number of overseas Chinese organizations has also increased rapidly. The total number of overseas Chinese organizations has reached about 10000, including more than 1000 instrial and commercial organizations
these colorful overseas Chinese communities all over the world serve the local overseas Chinese and make positive contributions to the development of the economic activities of the world's overseas Chinese businessmen by continuously expanding their ties with the people of other countries. Since the 1960s, with the expansion of the distribution of overseas Chinese and the development and internationalization of Chinese economy, international Chinese organizations have been established. There are more than 70 of these associations, nearly 70% of which were established after the 1980s. Various international clansmen and fellow countrymen's associations were held one after another
the annual meeting of Chaoshan people's international Chaozhou group was founded in 1980 and held every two years around the world. In November 2000, the 16th World Hakka kinship conference was held in Longyan City, Fujian Province, the birthplace of Hakka. Nearly 100 Hakka Associations from 18 countries and regions attended the conference, including more than 1700 overseas representatives. These international gatherings of Chinese relatives have further strengthened the cohesion of Chinese businessmen, strengthened their mutual contacts and exchanges, developed business relations in various regions of the world, especially the economic relations and cultural exchanges between the vast number of overseas Chinese businessmen and their ancestral countries, and played an important role in international organizations of Chinese businessmen, including the World Trade Conference of Chinese businessmen, which was established in April 1963. The world Chinese business conference, jointly sponsored by the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce in Singapore, the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong and the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce in Thailand, has been held every two years since 1991 in Singapore, Hong Kong, Bangkok, Vancouver, Melbourne and Nanjing. The World Conference of Chinese businessmen has pushed the international network connection of Chinese businessmen in the world to a new stage of development
the world's largest overseas Chinese community "city of China" laid its foundation in the United States at the end of the year
in 2012, the United States "city of China" Investment Co., Ltd. and China Guolong (Tianjin) equity investment fund Co., Ltd. will cooperate to build the world's largest overseas Chinese community "city of China" in Sullivan County, the United States, which laid its foundation at the end of 2012, After completion, 5% of the profits will be invested in the low-carbon public welfare poverty alleviation in Western China
it is reported that "city of China" Investment Co., Ltd. of the United States is jointly invested and established by more than ten Wall Street bankers. According to the plan, it will build together with Guolong company a world's largest overseas Chinese community in Sullivan County, Northwest New York City, covering an area of 70 million square meters, integrating sightseeing, tourism, shopping, leisure and vacation. With a total investment of 5 billion US dollars, the project is planned to be completed in five years. After completion, it is estimated that there will be more than 40000 tourists per year. The investor hopes to show and publicize Chinese traditional culture to the world through "city of China"
business representatives from China and the United States have signed a land transfer agreement with Sullivan county“ After the completion of "city of China", 5% of the profits will be used to set up a low-carbon public welfare fund for poverty alleviation and development in Western China. Chinese in Thailand
Chinese in Malaysia
Chinese in Singapore
Chinese in Indonesia
Chinese in Philippines
Chinese in Cambodia
Chinese in Vietnam
Chinese in Brunei
Chinese in Laos
Chinese in America
Chinese in Canada
Chinese in Mexico
Chinese in Brazil
Chinese in Peru
Chinese in Cuba
Chinese in Paraguay
Chinese in Suriname, Chinese in England
Chinese in France
Chinese in Germany
Chinese in Italy
Chinese in the Netherlands
Chinese in Denmark
The ethnic Chinese network, which is composed of ethnic groups, can avoid risks and seize the market. Its response to market signals and multiple choices are much better than relying solely on international trade and the elimination and transfer of international instries
the economic and trade network of Chinese businessmen in the contemporary world is mainly developed and expanded on the basis of the network of Chinese businessmen in Southeast Asia; The formation of the network of Chinese businessmen in Southeast Asia reflects the basic characteristics of the network. It relies on the ethnic relationship of Chinese immigrants. With the development of regional economy and world economy, it is contained in the economy of each country or region, regional economy and the whole world economy, and spread to the whole world
the overseas immigrants in modern China, who were the outflow of the weak, developed spontaneously with the help of family and local relations for the purpose of making a living and pursuing a peaceful living space. They travel across the sea, one by one, one by one, one by one, one by one. The father leads the son, the elder brother leads the younger brother, and the son passes on the son from generation to generation. Most of the immigrants in Southeast Asia come from Guangdong and Fujian provinces and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, where there are many dialects. When they come to the immigrations, they form groups with dialects and regions as the main body and form business groups, mainly including Guangfu group, Chaozhou group, Fujian group, Hakka group and Hainan group, as well as Jin group, Hui group and Ningbo Group. In order to help each other and help each other in the same boat, clan associations and local associations were established. They are good at doing business, and their business activities also focus on some places and some procts. For example, rice instry was controlled by Chaozhou people in Thailand, Singapore and Malaysia. The business and material relationship between Chinese businessmen has developed
as the business of various groups of immigrants became more and more prosperous, clansmen and villagers' guild halls became an important place for Chinese businessmen to gather. The Chinese Chamber of commerce graally broke through the restrictions of kinship and geography, and developed as a business relationship organization of Chinese businessmen. From the same surname clan association to the different surname clan association, from the dialect group's guild hall to the Chinese Chamber of Commerce and the Chinese Federation, the expansion is not e to political domination, but e to the combination of ethnic relations, which constitutes a form of overseas Chinese social gathering point and Chinese business network. After the 1950s, with the economic development of Southeast Asia, the business scale of Chinese enterprises has been expanding, and the business forms of Chinese economic and trade network are diverse. The establishment of branches and Reinvestment enterprises under the parent company; Develop joint venture outside the enterprise, establish joint venture, joint venture, associated company, joint company, holding company, multinational company, etc. The traditional partnership system of Chinese businessmen has developed to joint-stock system. Especially after the 1970s, the rise of Chinese consortia, on the basis of the traditional partnership system, mutual equity, the formation of a powerful group, multi angle transnational operations, has achieved considerable success
for Chinese businessmen, the process of expanding Chinese capital to the world can effectively avoid the restrictions of a country's domestic policies or the impact of regional financial crisis in a period of time, and disperse risks by means of external network; At the same time, it can occupy the world market timely and effectively
the response and multiple choices of the global Chinese business network to market signals are much better than relying solely on international trade and the elimination and transfer of international instries. It can directly participate in the sales of upstream procts of new instries, quickly introce technology, and make efficient investment and proction
what Chinese enterprises seek through the Internet is market priority benefits, which is why Chinese enterprises can still maintain high-efficiency operation when they are unable to compete with American and Japanese enterprises in terms of scale, capital, technology and even services. The expansion of the world Chinese business network in the world conforms to the development trend of the internationalization of the world economy. The economic and trade network of Chinese businessmen and its expansion in the world are mainly not reflected by some institutional structure, but based on ethnic ties and interpersonal relations, and then formed through the integration of economic, political and cultural resources. Chinese business network has the characteristics of network openness and commonality
John Nesbitt, an American futurist, once compared the relationship between Chinese enterprises to the Internet network of today's computers. It is considered that both of them are very similar in morphology and characteristics. There is no unified control center in the Internet computer network, any member can obtain maximum independence and freedom, and the value of the network comes from the expansion of the information market; In the Chinese circle, the enterprise network can also be expanded indefinitely without a power center. "It's a very invisible, complex and subtle network," he said. In fact, Chinese family business is a network of clans and fellow villagers, many small networks interweave into a global network. As one of the forms of Chinese business network, Chinese business community is becoming more and more international and economical. Chinese communities, Chinese schools and Chinese newspapers have always been regarded as the three pillars of overseas Chinese society. Since the 1970s, the economic activities of overseas Chinese have developed rapidly, and the number of overseas Chinese organizations has also increased rapidly. The total number of overseas Chinese organizations has reached about 10000, including more than 1000 instrial and commercial organizations
these colorful overseas Chinese communities all over the world serve the local overseas Chinese and make positive contributions to the development of the economic activities of the world's overseas Chinese businessmen by continuously expanding their ties with the people of other countries. Since the 1960s, with the expansion of the distribution of overseas Chinese and the development and internationalization of Chinese economy, international Chinese organizations have been established. There are more than 70 of these associations, nearly 70% of which were established after the 1980s
the annual meeting of Chaoshan people's international Chaozhou group was founded in 1980 and held every two years around the world. In November 2000, the 16th World Hakka kinship conference was held in Longyan City, Fujian Province, the birthplace of Hakka. Nearly 100 Hakka Associations from 18 countries and regions attended the conference, including more than 1700 overseas representatives. These international gatherings of Chinese relatives have further strengthened the cohesion of Chinese businessmen, strengthened their mutual contacts and exchanges, developed business relations in various regions of the world, especially the economic relations and cultural exchanges between the vast number of overseas Chinese businessmen and their ancestral countries, and played an important role in international organizations of Chinese businessmen, including the World Trade Conference of Chinese businessmen, which was established in April 1963. Roger yonchien Tsien, born in New York in 1952 in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, is a Chinese American chemist, academician of the American Academy of Sciences, academician of the American Academy of medicine, Professor of chemistry and pharmacology at the University of California, San Diego, and nephew of Qian Xuesen, a famous Chinese scientist
in the past, Chinese law did not allow domestic enterprises to settle business with foreign enterprises in RMB
domestic enterprises need to settle both import and export in foreign currency, purchase foreign exchange when importing and settle foreign exchange when exporting, and the exchange rate risk is completely borne by domestic enterprises.